Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.15207/JKCS.2021.12.4.217

Bus stop passenger waiting simulation considering transfer passengers: A case study at Cheongju Intercity Bus Terminal  

Lee, Jongsung (Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korea Convergence Society / v.12, no.4, 2021 , pp. 217-228 More about this Journal
Abstract
After the integrated fare system has been applied, public transportation and transfer traffic increased. As a result, transfer passengers must be considered in the operation of the bus. Although previous studies have limitations due to utilizing deterministic mathematical models, which fails to reflect the stochastic movements of passengers and buses, in this study, a more realistic bus stop micro-simulation model is proposed. Based on the proposed simulation model, we represent the relationship between bus arrival interval and passenger wait time as a regression model and empirically show the differences between the cases with and without transfer passengers. Also, we propose a method converting passenger waiting time to cost and find optimal bus arrival interval based on the converted cost. It is expected the proposed method enables bottom-up decision making reflecting practical situation.
Keywords
Bus waiting; Bus simulation; Optimal bus frequency; Transit passengers; Microscopic simulation;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 W. Kim, B. Son, J. Chung & J. Lee. (2008). Development of Real-Time Optimal Bus Scheduling Models. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS D, 28(5D), 587-595.
2 K. Gkiotsalitis, O. Eikenbroek, & O. Cats. (2020). Robust Network-Wide Bus Scheduling with Transfer Synchronizations. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 21(11), 4582-4592.   DOI
3 P. Shang, R. Li, Z. Liu, K. Xian & J. Guo. (2018). Timetable Synchronization and Optimization Considering Time-Dependent Passenger Demand in an Urban Subway Network, Transportation Research Record, 2672(8), 243-254.   DOI
4 M. Abdolmaleki, N. Masoud & Y. Yin. (2020). Transit timetable synchronization for transfer time minimization. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 131, 143-159.   DOI
5 J. Chu, K. Korsesthakarn, Y. Hsu & H. Wu. (2019). Models and a solution algorithm for planning transfer synchronization of bus timetables. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 131(1), 247-266.   DOI
6 G. Kim. (2014). Transit Patterns Analysis in Bus Routes using Large Volume Transportation Card Data, Chungbuk National University.
7 M. Stephens. (1979). The Anderson-Darling statistic, STANFORD UNIV CA DEPT OF STATISTICS.
8 OptTek Systems. (2020). The world's leading simulation optimization engine https://www.opttek.com/products/optquest/
9 The AnyLogic Company. (2020). Anylogic: Simulation Modeling Software Tools & Solutions for Business. https://www.anylogic.com/
10 S. Son, G. Choe & J. Yu. (2007). An Estimation of Generalized Cost for Transit Assignment. Journal of Korean Society of Transportation, 25(2), 121-132.
11 Minimum Wage Commission. (2020). https://www.minimumwage.go.kr/index.jsp
12 yesco. (2020). https://www.lsyesco.com/citygas/gas_cng_03.asp
13 S. O'Dell & N. Wilson. (1999). Optimal Real-Time Control Strategies for Rail Transit Operations During Disruptions. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
14 S. Mo, Z. Bao, B. Zheng & Z. Peng. (2020) Towards an Optimal Bus Frequency Scheduling: When the Waiting Time Matters. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 4347(c), 1-14.
15 S. Berrebi, K. Watkins & J. Laval. (2015). A real-time bus dispatching policy to minimize passenger wait on a high frequency route. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 81, 377-389.   DOI
16 M. Asgharzadeh & Y. Shafahi. (2017). Real-time bus-holding control strategy to reduce passenger waiting time. Transportation Research Record, 2647(1), 9-16.   DOI
17 P. Senevirante. (1990) Analysis of On-Time Performance of Bus Services Using Simulation. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 116(4), 517-531.   DOI
18 M. Ruiz, J. Segui-Pons & J. Mateu-LLado. (2017). Improving Bus Service Levels and social equity through bus frequency modelling Journal of Transport Geography, 58, 220-233.   DOI
19 M. Nesheli & A. Ceder. (2015). A robust , tactic-based, real-time framework for public-transport transfer synchronization. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 60, 105-123.   DOI
20 H. Manasra & T. Toledo. (2019). Optimization-based operations control for public transportation service with transfers. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 105, 456-467.   DOI
21 Y. Lee, H. Jo, Y. Kim, G. An & S. Bae. (2000). An Opportunity Cost Based Headway Algorithm in Bus Operation. Journal of Korean Society of Transportation, 18(3), 43-54.
22 H. Lee, J. Park, S. Jo & B. Yun. (2006). Development of Optimal Bus Scheduling Algorithm with Multi-constraints. Journal of Korean Society of Transportation, 24(7), 129-138.
23 Y. Wang, D. Li & Z. Cao. (2020). Integrated timetable synchronization optimization with capacity constraint under time-dependent demand for a rail transit network. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 142(February), 106374.   DOI
24 Ministry of Employment and Labor. (2020). https://www.work.go.kr/seekWantedMain.do.
25 W. Son, T. Ahn & W. Lee. (2017). The Method to Converge of Public Transportation Information in Domestic and Foreign. Journal of The Korea Convergence Society, 8(3), 41-48.   DOI
26 Cheongju City Bus Information System. (2020). https://www.dcbis.go.kr/.
27 M. Takamatsu & A. Taguchi. (2020). Bus timetable design to ensure smooth transfers in areas with low-frequency public transportation services Transportation Science, 54(5), 1238-1250.   DOI
28 E. Kim, E. Shon & J. Kim. (2020). A study on Problems and Improvement Plan of the Integrated Transfer Fare System - Focusing of Gyeonggi Province. Gyeonggi Research Institute (GRI), 22(1), 251-271.
29 O. Ibarra-Rojas, F. Delgado, R. Giesen & J. Munoz. (2015). Planning, operation, and control of bus transport systems: A literature review Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 77, 38-75.   DOI
30 J. Fonseca, E. van der Hurk, R. Roberti & A. Larsen. (2018). A matheuristic for transfer synchronization through integrated timetabling and vehicle scheduling. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 109, 128-149.   DOI
31 R. Espino & C. Roman. (2020). Valuation of transfer for bus users: The case of Gran Canaria. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 137, 131-144.   DOI
32 T. Toledo, O. Cats, W. Burghout & H. Koutsopoulos. (2010). Mesoscopic simulation for transit operations. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 18(6), 896-908.   DOI