• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-23
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• 2009

Prior bankruptcy studies have established that bankrupt firm's pre-filing financial ratios are different from those of healthy firms or of randomly selected going concerns. However, they may not be sufficiently different from the financial ratios of other firms in financial distress to allow the development of a ratio-based model that predicts bankruptcy with reasonable accuracy. As the result, in the multiple discriminant model, independent variables divided firms into bankrupt firms and healthy firms are retained earnings to total asset, receivable turnover, net income to sales, financial expenses, inventory turnover, owner's equity to total asset, cash flow to current liability, and current asset to current liability. Moreover four variables Retained earnings to total asset, net income to sales, total asset turnover, owner's equity to total asset indicate that these valuables classify bankrupt firms and distress firms. On the other hand, Owner's Equity to borrowed capital, Ordinary income to Net Sales, Operating Income to Total Asset, Total Asset Turnover and Inventory Turnover are selected to predict bankruptcy possibility in the Logistic regression model.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2017

The nitrogen phosphotransferase (PTS) system is a regulatory cascade present in most Proteobacteria, where it controls different functions. The nitrogen PTS is usually composed of $EI^{Ntr}$ (encoded by the ptsP gene), NPr (encoded by the ptsO gene), and $EIIA^{Ntr}$ (encoded by the ptsN gene). While $EIIA^{Ntr}$ plays a role in a variety of cellular processes, such as potassium homeostasis, regulation of ppGpp accumulation, nitrogen and carbon metabolisms, and regulation of ABC transporters, little information is available for a physiological role of NPr. A recent study showed that dephosphorylated NPr affects adaptation to envelope stresses in Escherichia coli. In this study, we provide another phenotype related to NPr. The ptsP mutant showed a filamentation phenotype. The filamentation phenotype of the ptsP mutant was recovered by additional deletion of the ptsO gene, but not by additional deletion of the ptsN gene, suggesting that an increased level of dephosphorylated NPr in the ptsP mutant renders cells the filamentous growth. This idea was confirmed by the fact that cells with increased levels of dephosphorylated NPr shows the filamentation phenotype. Additionally, we showed that cell size of E. coli increases with incremental dephosphorylated NPr concentrations. These results suggested that dephosphorylated NPr induces morphological change of E. coli.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.245-252
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise and Allium tuberosum intake on blood lipids, MDA and antioxidant enzyme in rats. Twenty four male Sprague-Dawley rats, 4 weeks old, were used. Experimental groups were aerobic exercise with Allium tuberosum intake group (A, n=6), aerobic exercise group (B, n=6), Allium tuberosum intake group (C, n=6), and the control group (D, n=6). Aerobic exercise was administered through a treadmill running program (14~15 m/min, $0^{\circ}$ grade, 25~30 min/day, 5 day/wk) and these rats were given 5% Allium tuberosum for 2 wk. The results of this study are as follows: TC and TG didn't show change; groups A, B, C showed a significant increase in HDL-C compared to the D group; groups A, B, and C showed a significant decrease in LDL-C compared to the D group; groups B and C showed a significant decrease in MDA level compared to the D group; groups B and C showed a significant increase in SOD activity compared to the D group; and the A group showed a significant increase in CAT activity compared to the D group. In conclusion, low intensity aerobic exercise and intake of the natural antioxidant Allium tuberosum seem to have the health promoting effect of retarding oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2018

Continuous use of SNS with having SNS fatigue influences users mentally as well as physically. Although it is reported that they eventually leave SNS due to experience of fatigue, the determinants of SNS fatigue have not been discovered yet. Thus this study aims to find the psychological factors causing SNS fatigue. This study (1) found out the factors causing SNS fatigue, and (2) explored the relationships between the factors and intentions to discontinue/continue to use SNS. Findings of the study suggested that there are seven types of determinants: Sense of relative deprivation, Relationship concern, Management burden, Information overload, Privacy concern, Reputation concern(after posting), Reputation concern(before posting). It is also found that sense of relative deprivation negatively predicted the intention to keep using SNS while management burden, reputation concern(before posting) predicted positively. Furthermore, the sense of relative deprivation and information overload positively predicted the intention to discontinue using SNS while reputation concern(before posting) predicted negatively. This research examined how the determinants of SNS fatigue affect the intentions to keep/stop using SNS from the two different points of view. The determinants of SNS fatigue experienced by SNS viewers influenced them to have intentions to stop using it, whereas those felt by SNS writers affected them to keep using it.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.73-90
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• 2005

Objectives: Smokers who had failed to quit smoking were frequently reported that life stress mostly interrupted their abstention. Stress vulnerability model for smoking cessation has been considered, and most of contemporary smoking cessation programs help smokers develop coping strategies for stressful situations. This study aims to investigate the appropriate coping styles for stress of abstention from smoking. The result of investigating the relationship between abstention following smoking cessation program and coping styles would suggest useful information for those who want to stop smoking and health practitioners who help them. Methods: Participants were 69 smokers (62 males, 7 females) participated in a hospitalized smoking cessation program, whose mean age was 44.89 (SD=9.61). Participants took medical test and completed questionnaires and psychological tests including: Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence and Multidimensional Coping Scale. To identify participants' abstention, researchers followed them for 2 years. To identify whether abstained or not and encourage them to abstain, researchers called them on the telephone once a week for 3 months. After 3 months, they were contacted every other week till 6 months passed since they left smoking cessation program. And they were contacted once a month for other 18months. Researchers also contacted their family to identify their abstention. Data Mining Decision Tree was performed with 37 variables (13 variables for the coping styles and 24 smoking-related variables) by Answer Tree 3.0v Results: Forty four (63.8%) out of sixty nine for 2 weeks, 34 (49.3%) for 6 months, 25 (36.2%) abstained for 1 year, and 22 (31.9%) abstained for 2 years. Participants of this study abstained average of 286.77 days from smoking. Included variables of a Decision Tree model for this study were positive interpretation, emotional expression, self-criticism, restraint and emotional social support seeking. Decision Tree model showed that those (n=9) who did not interpret positively (<=7.5) and criticized themselves (>6.5) abstained 23 days only, while those (n=9) who interpreted positively (>7.5), expressed their emotion freely (>6.5), and sought social support actively (>11.5) abstained 730 days, till last day of the investigation. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that certain coping styles such as positive interpretation, emotional expression, self-criticism, restraint and emotional social support seeking were important factors for long-term abstention from smoking. These findings reiterate the role of stress for abstention from smoking and suggest a model of coping styles for successful abstention from smoking. Despite of limitation of this study, it might help smokers who want to stop smoking and health practitioners who help them.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.21-34
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• 2007

Objectives: This study aims to examined whether physical activity prevent the negative effect of psychological stress on cardiovascular reactivity by reducing stress induced sympathetic output and preventing norepinephrine depletion negative psych-affective responses. It is assumed that physical activity reduces the magnitude of cardiovascular responses and psychological responses to stress which threaten individuals' physical and mental health. The result of investigating the effect of physical activity on reducing negative physiological and psychological responses would suggest useful information health for practitioners who want to prevent stress-induced diseases, especially coronary heart disease. Methods: participants of this study were 30 students (10 males & 20 females), whose mean age was 21.30 (SD=2.29). Fifteen students (5 males & 10 females) were assigned for in each group, treatment and control groups. They were interviewed and given a survey that included a consent form, demographics sheet and psychological tests, such as State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Before the application of psychological stress, participants in treatment group were going through with a course of physical exercise, running on treadmill 15minutes, while participants in control group were not physically active. After exercise, there was 15 minutes resting period before applying cognitive stress. During the experiment, all participants performed challenging cognitive tasks for 20minutes in situations that were designed to experience learned helplessness and measured their cardiovascular reactivity including blood pressure and heart rate every 5 minutes, until 10 minutes after finishing the application of psychological stress(recovering state). In the end of experiment, they were given some psychological test again. Results: Heart rates of exercise group were significantly higher than non-exercise group, especially, five minute after applying cognitive stress and at the end of recovery, in other word 10 minutes after stressful event. Systolic blood pressures of exercise group were lower than those of non-exercise group during the stressful event, but this differences in borderline level of significance. state anger level of exercise group decreased even experiencing stress, while those of non-exercise group increase. And state anxiety level of exercise group decreased in borderline level of significance. Conclusion: This study reiterate health benefits of physical activity and suggest that regular moderate exercise may regulate cardiovascular reactivity and psycho-affective responses from stress by reducing stress induced sympathetic output.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.61-71
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• 2007

Objectives: The research was conducted to evaluate the socio-demographic, life style and work related factors of stress and fatigue, and correlation between them in the white collar workers. Methods: This study was targeted on white collar workers of medium-sized company in Kimhae city including 249 people; 167 of males, 82 of females. The data was collected by structured questionnaires and analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS 12.0. Result: Both stress and fatigue levels were higher for female of gender, 20s of age, single of marital status in socio-demographic factors. The stress level was higher for current smokers and lower frequency of regular exercise per week, and both stress and fatigue levels were higher for unsatisfied sleeping in lifestyle factors. The stress level was lower for 5-day workweek system and experience of downsizing, and both stress and fatigue levels were higher far lower period of employment in work related factors. The correlation coefficient(r) between stress and fatigue level was 0.578, which was highly statistically significant. According to stepwise multiple regression analysis, factors affecting stress were unsatisfied sleeping, female and lower frequency of regular exercise per week, and those affecting fatigue were younger age and unsatisfied sleeping. Conclusion: This study provided strong support for associations between stress and fatigue, and we suggest that modifiable factors such as regular exercise and satisfied sleeping would be important for white collar workers to reduce their stress and fatigue.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.251-259
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• 2018

This study was conducted to determine the effects of combination of air temperature and soil water content on the growth, physiological disorder rate, and yield of hot peppers. The study was carried out in a typical plastic house (open on one side and with ventilation fans on the other side), which was maintained with gradient air temperature (maximum difference in air temperature: $6^{\circ}C$). The deficit irrigation (DI) treatment commenced 65 days after transplanting. The height of plant and fresh and dry weights of the stem increased at high air temperature (ambient + $6^{\circ}C$, extreme high temperature; EHT). Furthermore, the leaf area decreased significantly with the DI treatment. There were no significant differences in the stem diameter, number of branches, and fresh and dry weights of the leaves among all the treatments. The net photosynthesis rate of the full irrigation (FI) treatment was higher than that of the DI treatment. The photosynthesis rate at ambient air temperature was $19.7{\mu}mol\;CO_2m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, the highest among all the treatments; however, the photosynthesis rate of the EHT treatment decreased by 60% ($12.3{\mu}mol\;CO_2m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$). Additionally, the formation of guard cells in the leaf was abnormal with the EHT treatment, and there was a decrease in translocation efficiency. The effects of air temperature treatment were more pronounced on the physiological disorder rate and yield. The physiological disorder rate of the EHT treatment was the highest under the DI treatment condition. The yield of the AFI (ambient air temperature with full irrigation) treatment was 3,771 kg/10a, the highest among all the treatments; however, the yield of the EHT treatment with DI and FI was 1,282 and 1,327 kg/10a, respectively. These results indicate that growth and physiological disorder rate improved with the EHT treatment; however, there was a decrease in yield. Furthermore, the formation of guard cells was abnormal and malfunctional.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.227-236
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• 2016

Periodontal disease, one of the most common oral diseases, has been widely researched. However, in the face of increasing incidence of adolescent periodontitis, there has been only little concern about the periodontal conditions in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the periodontal health and assess the prevalence of the periodontal disease and its causing factors among adolescents. The data was collected from subjects ranging from age 10, 13 and 16 years old in Jeonju by clinical examination and survey. The prevalence of periodontal disease and plaque index value were higher in male than female (p < 0.05). The group of 13 years old subjects had the highest prevalence of periodontal disease (73.3%) and plaque index value (p < 0.05). Among the plaque index of each individual tooth, mandibular central incisor showed the highest value. The survey relating anticipated risk factors demonstrated that the group of 13 years old subjects had the least care for oral hygiene. Also, patients who received the treatment of scaling exhibited high plaque index (p < 0.05), and adolescents with great stress loads showed calculus deposition and increased plaque index (p < 0.05).

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2004

A multi-attribute utility analysis was investigated as a tool for the decision support of countermeasures in early phase of a nuclear accident. The utility function of attributes was assumed to be the second order polynomial expressions, and the weighting constant of attributes was determined using a swing weighting method. Because the main objective of this study focuses on the applicability of a multi-attribute utility analysis as a tool for the decision support of countermeasures in early phase of a nuclear accident, less quantifiable attributes were not included due to lack of information. In postulated accidental scenarios for the application of the designed methodology, the variation of the numerical values of total utility for the considered actions, e.g. sheltering, evacuation and no action, was investigated according to the variation of attributes. As a result, it was shown that the numerical values of total utility for the actions are distinctly different depending on the exposure dose and monetary value of dose. As increasing in both attributes, the rank of the numerical values of total utility increased for evacuation, which is more extreme action than for sheltering, while that of no action decreased. As expected probability of high dose is higher, the break-even values for the monetary value of dose, which are the monetary value of dose when the ranking of actions is changed, were lower. In audition, as aversion psychology for dose is higher, the break-even values for dose were lower.