Browse > Article

The Effect of Physical Activity on Cardiovascular and Psychoaffective Responses to Stress  

Suh, Kyung-Hyun (Graduate School of Public Health and Social Welfare, Sahmyook University)
Lee, Jae-Koo (Department of Leisure and Sports, Sahmyook University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion / v.24, no.3, 2007 , pp. 21-34 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to examined whether physical activity prevent the negative effect of psychological stress on cardiovascular reactivity by reducing stress induced sympathetic output and preventing norepinephrine depletion negative psych-affective responses. It is assumed that physical activity reduces the magnitude of cardiovascular responses and psychological responses to stress which threaten individuals' physical and mental health. The result of investigating the effect of physical activity on reducing negative physiological and psychological responses would suggest useful information health for practitioners who want to prevent stress-induced diseases, especially coronary heart disease. Methods: participants of this study were 30 students (10 males & 20 females), whose mean age was 21.30 (SD=2.29). Fifteen students (5 males & 10 females) were assigned for in each group, treatment and control groups. They were interviewed and given a survey that included a consent form, demographics sheet and psychological tests, such as State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Before the application of psychological stress, participants in treatment group were going through with a course of physical exercise, running on treadmill 15minutes, while participants in control group were not physically active. After exercise, there was 15 minutes resting period before applying cognitive stress. During the experiment, all participants performed challenging cognitive tasks for 20minutes in situations that were designed to experience learned helplessness and measured their cardiovascular reactivity including blood pressure and heart rate every 5 minutes, until 10 minutes after finishing the application of psychological stress(recovering state). In the end of experiment, they were given some psychological test again. Results: Heart rates of exercise group were significantly higher than non-exercise group, especially, five minute after applying cognitive stress and at the end of recovery, in other word 10 minutes after stressful event. Systolic blood pressures of exercise group were lower than those of non-exercise group during the stressful event, but this differences in borderline level of significance. state anger level of exercise group decreased even experiencing stress, while those of non-exercise group increase. And state anxiety level of exercise group decreased in borderline level of significance. Conclusion: This study reiterate health benefits of physical activity and suggest that regular moderate exercise may regulate cardiovascular reactivity and psycho-affective responses from stress by reducing stress induced sympathetic output.
Keywords
Stress; Physical activity; Cardiovascular reactivity; Anger; Anxiety;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 전병화, 김일곤, 이재웅, 김세훈, 박진봉, 김국성, 전종귀. 고혈압 백서에서 운동후 혈압강하 현상. 대한스포츠의학회지 2001;19:250-259
2 Abele A, Brehm W. Mood effects of exercise versus sports games: findings and implications forwell-being and health. In S Maes, H Leventhal, M Johnston (Eds.), International Review of Health Psychology, Vol. 2, Chichester: John Wiley, 1993
3 American Heart Association. Your High Blood Pressure Questions Answered - Blood Pressure and Exercise. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtm?identifier=3034814. 2007
4 Bahrke MS, Morgan WP. Anxiety reduction following exercise and meditation. Cognitive Research & Therapy 1978;2:323-333   DOI
5 Bolger N, Zuckerman A A framework for studying personality in the stress process. Journal of Personallity & Social Psychology 1995;69:890-902   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Cacioppo JT, Malarkey WB, Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Uchino BN, Sgoutas-Emch SA, Sheridan JF, Berntson GG, Glaser R. Heterogeneuty in neuroendocrine and immune responses to brief psychological stressors as function of autonomic cardiac activation. Psychosomatic Medicine 1995;57: 154-164   DOI   PUBMED
7 Canon WB. Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage. New York: Appleton, 1929
8 Keinan G, Ben-Zur H. Zilka M, & Carel RS. Anger in or out, which is healthier?: An attempt to reconcile inconsistent findings. Psychology and Health 1992;7:83-98   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Roy M, Steptoe A, The inhibition of cardiovascular responses to mental stress following aerobic exercise. Psychophysiology 1991;28:689-700   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc, 1970
11 Steptoe A, Kearsley N, Walters N. Cardiovascular activity during mental stress following vigorous exercise in sportsmen and inactive men. Psychophysiology 1993;30:245-252   DOI   ScienceOn
12 한덕웅, 이장호, 전겸구. Spielberger의 상태-특성불안 검사 Y형의 개발. 한국심리학회지: 건강 1996;1:1-14
13 Chafin S, Roy M, Gerin W, Christenfeld N. Music can facilitate blood pressure recovery from stress. British Journal of Health Psychology 2004:1;9:393-404
14 Harburg E, Blakelock EH, Roeper PJ. Essential and reflective coping with arbitrary authority and blood pressure. Psychosomatic Medicine 1979;3:189-202
15 Robinson JD, Cinciripini PM. The Effects of Stress and Smoking on Catecholaminergic and Cardiovascular Response. Behavioral Medicine 2006;32:13-18   DOI
16 Gatchel RJ. Clinical Applications of Biofeedback: Appraisal & status (pp, 148-172). New York: Pergamon Press, 1979
17 Naschitz JE, Rosner I, Rozenbaum M, Fields M, lsseroff H, Babich JP, Zuckennan E, Elias N, Yeshurun D, Naschitz S, Sabo E. Patterns of cardiovascular reactivity in disease diagnosis. QJM 2004;97:141   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Rejeski WJ, Gregg E, Thompson A, Berry M. The effects of varying doses of acute aerobic exercise on psychophysiological stress responses in highly trained cyclists. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology 1991;13 188-199   DOI
19 Spielberger CD. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: STAI (Form Y). Palo Alto, CA Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc, 1984
20 김인홍. 운동요법과 이완요법이 사무직 근로자의 스트레스에 대한 심리적 반응에 미치는 효과. 한국스포츠리서치 2004;15:587-600
21 Krantz DS, Manuck SB. Acute psychophysiologic reactivity and risk of cardiovascular disease: a review and methodologic critique. Psychological Bulletin 1984;96:435-464   DOI   ScienceOn
22 이종호. 고혈압 환자의 일회성 트레드밀 운동에 따른 혈압과 혈관탄성 반응. 운동과학 2002;12: 267-276
23 전종귀, 전병화, 김세훈. 혈압강하를 위한 적정 운동 강도 및 운동후 혈압강하 기전에 관한 연구. 운동과학 2002;12:197-222
24 Funkenstein DH, King SH, Drolette M. The direction of anger during a laboratory stress-inducing situation. Psychosomatic Medicine 1954;16:404-413   DOI   PUBMED
25 Berger BG, Owen DR. Stress reduction and mood enhancement in four exercise modes: Swimming, body conditioning, Hatha yoga and fencing. Research Q. of Exercise & Sport 1988;59:148-159   DOI
26 Hobson ML, Rejeski WJ, Does the dose of acute exercise mediate psychophysiological responses to mental stress? Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology 1993;15:77-87   DOI
27 Glynn L, Christenfeld N, Gerin W. Gender, social support, and cardiovascular responses to stress. Psychosomatic Medicine 1999;61:234-242   DOI   PUBMED
28 Steptoe A, Kimbell J, Basford P. Exercise and the Experience and Appraisal of Daily Stressors. A Naturalistic Study. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1998;21:363-374   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Rejeski WJ, Thompson A, Brubaker PH, Miller HS. Acute exercise: Buffering psychosocial stress responses in women. Health Psychology 1992;11:355-332   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Makoff D. High Blood Pressure and Exercise. http://www.medicinenet.com/high_blood_pressure/focus.htm. 2004
31 전겸구, 한덕웅, 이장호, Spielberger. 한국판 STAXI 척도 개발: 분노와 혈압. 한국심리학회지: 건강 1997;2: 60-78
32 Allen K, Blascovich J, Tomaka J, Kelsey R. Presence of human friends and pet dogs as moderators of autonomie responses to stress in women. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology 1991;61:582-589   DOI
33 Hilmert CJ, Christenfeld N, Kulik JA Audience status moderates the effects of social support and self-efficacy on cardiovascular reactivity during public speaking. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 2002;24:229-240   DOI
34 Gullette ECD, Blumenthal JA, Babyak M, Jiang W, Waugh RA, Frid DJ, O'Coonner CD, Morris JJ, Krantz DS. Effects of mental stress on myocardial ischemia during daily life. Journal of American Medical Association 1997;277:1521-1526   DOI
35 Lehmann R, Kaplan V, Bingisser R, Bloch KE, Giatgen AS. Impact of physical activity on cardiovascular risk factors in IDDM. Diabetes Care 1997;20:1603-1611   DOI   ScienceOn