• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.18-32
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• 1994

It is important to understand that patients with hemiplegia are under stress during the rehabilitation process. This study was designed to determine what changes occur in the stress perceived by these patients during the rehabilitation process. and what changes occur in the ways they coped with stress. A decriptive study with a longitudinal design was conducted. A total of 57 patients with hemiplegia who were admitted to one general hospital made up the sample for this study. A questionnaire, observations and interviews were used for the data collection which was done in three phases(within one week after admission : within one week before discharge ; within one month after discharge ). Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA repeated measures of ANOVA, and post hoc paired t -test, Bonferroni correction. The results of this study are : 1. Changes in the perception of stress during the rehabilitation process : There was a statistically significant differencs in the perception of stress among these patients during the rehabilitation process. On the post-hoc test. the perception of stress showed a statistically significant decrease from admission to discharge. The perception of psychological stress was high during the rehabilitation process as compared with the perception of physical and social stress. 2. Changes in the way the patients coped during the rehabilitation process : On admission passive coping was used by most of the subjects(91.2％). Passive coping showed an decrease from admission to discharge, but an increase from discharge to follow-up at one month post discharge. There was, however, no statistically significant changes in the way the patients coped during the rehabilitation process. 3. Changes in perception of stress during the rehabilitation process according to variables. Perception of stress among patients classified as So-Um was higher during the rehabilitation process, when compared with patients classified as So- Yang and Tae-Um. There was, however, no statistically significant difference in perception of stress over time. The patients with right sided paralysis perceived higher stress than those with left sided paralysis. There was, however, no statistically significant difference in perception of stress over time. Hence, stress was not influenced by which side was paralyzed th frequency of the relapse of the disease, or the time in the rehabilitation process. 4. Changes in coping during the rehabilitation process according to variables. There was a statistically significant difference in the way the patients coped at follow- up according to the three different kinds of the constitution groups. In other words, coping was not used by patients classified as Tae-Um but was used by those classified as So-Um. On the repeated measures of ANOVA, there was a statstically significant difference in stress over time, and an interaction between constitution and time. But the way of coping during the rehabilitation process was not influenced by which side was paralyzed nor by the frequency of the relapse of the disease. In conclusion, perception of psychological stress was high during the rehabilitation process, as compared to perception of physical and social stress. There was a statistcally significant difference in the perception of stress over time, Perception of stress showed a gradual decrease from over admission to follow-up period. There was. however, no statistically significant difference in the way of coping over time. Passive coping was used by most of patients. In the study, these findings suggest a need for nursing care related to the psychological support for patients with hemiplegia both in the hospital as well as at home, and the need for education and counseling on independent self-care to help the hemiplegic patients adapt to stress using active coping.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.45-57
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• 1996

A serious disease in a family influences the entire family member given the fact that the members closely interact with each other. Especially in terms of pediatric nursing, study on family gains importance as the need to care of families whose children with developmental disabilities and chronic disease This study was done based on The Resiliency Model of Family Adjustment and Adaptation(McCubbin, 1991) is intended to examine the stress of parents whose children suffer from cleft lip or /and cleft palate. It also helps them to cope with the stress and analyze the relationship between the stress and coping This study used Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes (FILE) and Coping Health Inventory for Parents(CHIP) for measuring family stress and coping. The two instruments are revised to fit the social and cultural environment of Korean culture. Data collection was done from April 18, 1996 to May 18, 1996 at 8 University medical centers located in Seoul. Those who answered questionnaires were 84 parents whose children have cleft lip or /and cleft palate. SPSS PC+ was used to analyze the data collotted. Programs used for data analysis were t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient. The study is summarized as follows .1. The average score of family stress is 10.46(percentage of the full score 24.90) and 'finance and business strains'(3.25), and 'intrafamily strains'(2.65) ranked the highest. The average score of family's coping is 1.93, which is close to the answer of' moderately helpful' and they are measured to put their utmost efforts to' intergration and cooperation of family and optimistic definition on the situation'. 2. There is no significant statistical correlation between the family stress and coping. 3. Mothers show more stress than fathers in the parts of 'illness and family care strains' and 'losses'(t〓-2.34, t〓-2.32, p<.05). 4. Fathers show more willingness to cope with the stress than mothers do in the parts of' seeking social support','self-esteem','emotional comfort' 5. Mothers are more stress than fathers in the parts of family stress and its coping with it by usual traits(t〓-2.78, p<.05). Parents with religion are measured to cope more willingly than those who are not 6. Income of a family shows positive correlationship with family coping (r〓.28, p<.05). The study shows that gender difference is significant variable in studying on family stress and coping. Mothers get more stress than fathers, which has much to do with the fact that they are in charge of raising children and keeping houseworks. Accordingly, managing family crisis and its survival can be induced by giving support for the mothers, studying fathers including the rest of the family members and giving nursing care and arbitration ; religious background is also considered to be one of the important factors in family stress , judging from the relationship between family income and family's coping, caring given to suffering children is needed on societal levels. The above considerations bring up the need to have a longitudinal study of children with congenital anomaly including cleft lip or /and cleft palate and their families about family stress and coping. Resiliency programs on family system and their effectiveness and the relationship between the enlarged families with social and cultural values reflecting Korean tradition are also needed to be studied.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.365-375
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• 2012

본 연구는 대학생의 스마트폰 중독사용 정도에 따른 상지통증과 불안, 우울 및 대인관계의 관계를 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 자료 수집은 2012년 5월부터 6월까지 일 대학의 대학생들 중 스마트폰 사용자를 대상으로 스마트폰 중독사용 정도, 상지통증, 불안, 우울 및 대인관계에 대해 구조화된 질문지를 이용하여 조사하였다. 응답내용이 누락되거나 불완전한 경우를 제외한 525명의 자료를 분석하였다. 스마트폰 중독사용 정도에 따른 상지통증, 불안, 우울 및 대인관계의 차이는 $x^2$와 t-test로 분석하였고, 스마트폰 중독사용, 불안, 우울 및 대인관계의 상관관계는 Pearson correlation coefficient로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 중독사용군은 62명(11.8%)이었다. 여자 대학생의 스마트폰 중독사용 정도는 남자 대학생에 비해 심각했으며, 하루에 스마트폰을 사용하는 시간이 긴 대상자가 스마트폰 중독사용 정도가 높았다. 스마트폰 중독사용군이 정상사용군에 비해 어깨통증 호소가 많았으나 다른 부위의 상지 통증의 차이는 없었다. 상태불안, 특성불안, 우울 모두 중독사용군이 정상사용군보다 높았다. 그리고 스마트폰 중독성향이 강할수록 상태불안, 특성불안 및 우울 정도는 높았고, 상태불안, 특성불안 및 우울 정도가 높을수록 대인관계는 좋지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 스마트폰 중독사용 고위험군을 조기에 선별하고, 이들을 위한 바른 자세, 다양한스트레스 대처방법, 긍정적인 정신건강 및 효율적인 대인관계 향상 등의 중독 예방프로그램 개발의 기초자료로 활용될 것을 기대한다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify the stressors and coping behaviors among the 5th 6th graders at Gwangju city. The subjects were 352 elementary school students and the data were collected by self-reported questionnaire from June 19 to July 21, 2003. Study instrument to investigate stressors was developed 40-items summated scale (${\alpha}$ = .87) with four subcategories: 8-items individualistic (${\alpha}$ = .72), ll-items family life-related (${\alpha}$= .70), 14-items school life-related (${\alpha}$= .76) and 7 socio-environmental (${\alpha}$= .63) factors. And the instrument to examine stress coping behaviors was also developed 30-items summated scale (${\alpha}$= .82) with three subcategories: 10-items active (${\alpha}$= .72), 10-passive (${\alpha}$= .75), and 10-mystic (${\alpha}$ = .70) coping behaviors. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA using SPSS/PC+ program. The results were summarized as follows: Mean score of stressors was $66.6{\pm}14.45$ out of 160. There were no significant differences in total scores of stressors in terms of gender, grade, number of siblings and the school location The score of individualistic stressors, on the other hand, was tended to be significant higher in the 6th graders (t = -2.155, p = .032) and the school children in Gwangsangu district where has mixed rural and urban characteristics (F = 2.400, p = .049). Mean score of stress coping behaviors was $61.3{\pm}12.24$ out of 120. It was significantly different in terms of number of siblings (t = 2.108, p = .036) and the school location (F = 4.928, p = .001). In several subcategories, the mean scores of active coping behaviors were significantly higher in the only children group (t = -2.127, p = .034) and Donggu district where traditional downtown area (F = 2.410, p = .050). and passive (F = 4.013, p = .003) and mystic coping (F = 2.720, p= .030) were also significantly higher in the same district. In conclusion, the score of stressors of children in Gwangju city showed relatively low as that of other areas, and the children utilized active coping behaviors more frequently in various stressful situations.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 1994

Stress is experienced when a person tries to maintain stability in the face of life change but is not able to meet the adaptive demands of change. This can be especially true for the parents who has a cerebral palsy childs who needs long term rare, where parents, are the primary source of care and responsibility. Successful coping leads to maintenance of the parents role and this has an effect on the health status of the child. This descriptive study was attempted to identify stress factors, levels and helpful coping patterns for parents who must take care of cerebral palsy children. Data were collected from 43 subjects who were parents of children diagnosed with cerebral palsy The informations gathered from March 25, 1994 to April 14, 1994 by means of structured questionnaires were analyzed. Two instruments were used to collect the data 1) Lee's stress questionnaire consisted of 33 stress factors and measured by four point Likert scale. 2) Modified Chronic Health Inventory for parents: The modified CHIP included 43 items of coping methods with four point Likert scale. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Stress items could have a maximum score of three points, for a total possible score of 132 points. The mean score for the total was 92.02 points. The item mean score was 2.85 points showing that the parents were experiencing moderate to much stress. 2) The items with the highest stress items were 16 items. The stress items with the lowest mean scores were 10 items. 3) Of the stress categories: The highest stress category was related to changes in the illness status of the child and difficulty in taking rare of the child. The second stressful category was related to the prognosis of the child's condition. The least stress was noticed to social-personal relationships and the responsibility of the care givers. 4) Items measuring coping in the parents had a maximum score of three points each with a total possible roping score of 172 points. The mean score for the total was 103,9 paints. The item mean score was 2.42 points indicating that there were responses of little helpful to moderately helpful on each coping pattern. 5) The most helpful coping items were 7 items. The least helpful coping items were 2 items. 6) Effectiveness of the coping for each patterns was examined : Understanding the illness condition from communication with parents of children with the same condition and consultation with the medical team was the most helpful coping pattern. Family's coorperation and integration and optimism were a moderately helpful coping pattern. Social support psychological stability and self esteem were the least helpful toping pattern. In conclusion, the highest stress for parents of children with cerebropalsy was found to be very stressful changes in the illness of the child and to taking care of a child who is suffering. The parents were helped by the coping methods using understanding of the illness condition through consultation with the medical learn and communication with parents in the same situation. Based on the knowledge, care could develop intervention strategies appropriate for them, help them to develop their effective coping patterns, and give support them in the process of coping with their stress.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2018

본 연구는 간호대학생의 직무 유형을 통해서 경력개발을 위한 교육요구는 무엇인지 알아보기 위한 목적으로 실행하였다. 연구목적의 달성을 위하여 먼저 부산 경남 지역에 있는 K 대학과 P 대학의 간호대학생 146명을 대상으로 커리어앵커 질문지를 이용하여 직무 유형을 분석하였다. 그리고 직무 유형 중에서 상위 유형의 경향성을 보이는 간호대학생 28명을 선별하여 4개의 팀으로 나누어 맵을 작성하였고, 작성된 맵의 내용을 기반으로 초점집단인터뷰를 했다. 이는 간호대학생의 실제적 목소리를 통해 경력개발을 위한 교육요구에 대해서 알아보기 위해서이다. 그 결과 첫째, 간호대학생의 커리어앵커 유형은 라이프스타일과 안전 보장이 가장 높게 나타났고, 가장 낮은 커리어앵커 유형은 순수한 도전과 관리적 역량이었다. 둘째, 경력개발을 위한 교육요구는 크게 4개의 영역, 전공역량, 실무역량, 인성역량, 자원관리역량으로 범주화하였다. 전공역량은 간호 전문지식 및 기술, 실무역량은 병동 업무처리, 의사소통, 위기대처능력, 인성역량은 협력, 책임인식, 자원관리역량은 시간 관리 능력, 스트레스 관리능력이다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 간호대학생의 경력개발을 위한 교육적 기초자료로 활용할 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 아울러 간호실무 개선을 위한 교육과정개발에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.327-335
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 해양경찰공무원과 경찰공무원의 외상 관련 국내 연구 동향을 분석하여 향후 연구에 대한 시사점을 제공하는 것이다. KCI 등재학술지에 실린 해양경찰, 경찰의 외상 관련 논문 57편을 수집하여 논문의 기초사항, 연구대상, 연구방법, 측정도구, 관련 변인 등을 분석하였다. 해양경찰공무원과 경찰공무원의 외상 관련 연구는 2010년부터 시작되어 산발적으로 이루어지고 있었으며 57편 중 해양경찰공무원의 외상 관련 연구는 6편에 불과하였다. 연구자의 전공영역은 경찰행정분야(59.6 %)가 가장 많았고, 심리학(19.3 %), 의학 및 간호학(10.5 %), 사회복지학(8.8 %), 교육학(1.8 %) 영역에서 연구가 이루어졌다. 해양경찰공무원 대상 연구는 6편 중 1편 외에는 모두 경찰행정분야에서 수행되었다. 연구방법은 양적 연구방법(78.9 %)이 대부분이었다. 질적 연구는 3편이었는데 모두 경찰공무원을 대상으로 하였다. PTSD 척도는 IES-R-K가 가장 많이 사용되었고, PDS, PCL-5가 뒤를 이었다. 외상 관련 변인으로는 외상성 사건 경험, 회복력, 스트레스 대처 방법, 사회적 지지 순으로 연구가 많이 이루어졌다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 학문적 시사점과 후속 연구에 대한 제언을 하였다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2017

본 연구는 남자독거노인의 자살생각을 설명하는 가설적 모형을 구축하여 실제 자료간의 적합도를 검증함으로써, 남자독거노인의 자살생각을 감소시켜주는 노인자살예방프로그램을 개발하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도되었다. 가설적 모형의 적합도를 검증한 결과 ${\chi}^2/df$, RMR, GFI, AGFI CFI, IFI, RMSEA 기준을 만족하여 가설적 모형을 수정없이 최종모형으로 확정하였다. 남자독거노인의 자살생각에 영향을 미치는 가장 큰 요인은 자아존중감이였으며, 요인에 대한 설명력이 55%였다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 남자독거노인의 자살생각의 최종 결과변인으로 검정된 우울, 사회적 고립감을 감소시키고 자아존중감, 가족결속력, 사회활동 참여, 스트레스 대처, 사회적 지지를 향상시킬 수 있는 효율적인 맞춤형 노인 자살예방 프로그램을 개발하여 적용한다면 남자독거노인의 자살생각을 예방하는데 도움이 될 것이라고 본다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 제한점을 토대로 몇 가지 제언을 하고자 한다. 우선, 본 연구는 가정, 경로당, 종합복지회관을 이용하는 남자독거노인을 대상으로 자료수집을 하였기 때문에 연구결과의 일반화에 한계가 있으므로 다양한 장소에서 남자독거노인을 대상으로 한 확대 연구를 제언한다. 또한 설문의 내용이 민감하여 제대로 답변을 못하는 경우도 있어 심도있게 향후 질적연구를 제언하며, 본 연구에서 규명된 남자독거노인의 자살생각 영향변인들을 근거로 남자독거노인의 자살생각을 예방하기 위한 맞춤형 노인자살예방 프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과를 평가하는 연구가 필요하다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.73-90
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• 2005

Objectives: Smokers who had failed to quit smoking were frequently reported that life stress mostly interrupted their abstention. Stress vulnerability model for smoking cessation has been considered, and most of contemporary smoking cessation programs help smokers develop coping strategies for stressful situations. This study aims to investigate the appropriate coping styles for stress of abstention from smoking. The result of investigating the relationship between abstention following smoking cessation program and coping styles would suggest useful information for those who want to stop smoking and health practitioners who help them. Methods: Participants were 69 smokers (62 males, 7 females) participated in a hospitalized smoking cessation program, whose mean age was 44.89 (SD=9.61). Participants took medical test and completed questionnaires and psychological tests including: Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence and Multidimensional Coping Scale. To identify participants' abstention, researchers followed them for 2 years. To identify whether abstained or not and encourage them to abstain, researchers called them on the telephone once a week for 3 months. After 3 months, they were contacted every other week till 6 months passed since they left smoking cessation program. And they were contacted once a month for other 18months. Researchers also contacted their family to identify their abstention. Data Mining Decision Tree was performed with 37 variables (13 variables for the coping styles and 24 smoking-related variables) by Answer Tree 3.0v Results: Forty four (63.8%) out of sixty nine for 2 weeks, 34 (49.3%) for 6 months, 25 (36.2%) abstained for 1 year, and 22 (31.9%) abstained for 2 years. Participants of this study abstained average of 286.77 days from smoking. Included variables of a Decision Tree model for this study were positive interpretation, emotional expression, self-criticism, restraint and emotional social support seeking. Decision Tree model showed that those (n=9) who did not interpret positively (<=7.5) and criticized themselves (>6.5) abstained 23 days only, while those (n=9) who interpreted positively (>7.5), expressed their emotion freely (>6.5), and sought social support actively (>11.5) abstained 730 days, till last day of the investigation. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that certain coping styles such as positive interpretation, emotional expression, self-criticism, restraint and emotional social support seeking were important factors for long-term abstention from smoking. These findings reiterate the role of stress for abstention from smoking and suggest a model of coping styles for successful abstention from smoking. Despite of limitation of this study, it might help smokers who want to stop smoking and health practitioners who help them.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2011

긍정적 경험, 긍정적 특질, 긍정적 조직의 복원에 대한 과학적 연구를 목적으로 하는 긍정 심리학에서는 인간의 문제를 규명하고 해결함에 있어 약점만큼이나 강점을 강조하고 고통받는 사람들의 상처를 치료해야하는 만큼 건강한 사람들의 삶의 질을 향상시켜야 할 필요가 있음을 제안한다. 따라서 우울이나 불안 등과 같은 부정적 측면보다 희망이나 행복과 같은 긍정적 측면에 초점을 두려 노력한다. 이러한 긍정 심리학적 측면에서 볼 때 경제적으로 어려운 저소득층 어머니를 대상으로 한 연구는 대부분 우울이나 스트레스, 불안, 거부적 양육행동, 부부갈등 등 부정적 측면에 초점을 둘 뿐 저소득층 어머니에게 내재되어 있는 안녕감이나 따뜻함, 애정성, 안정성, 희망 등과 같은 긍정적 요인은 상대적으로 간과했다고 볼 수 있다. 긍정적 정서나 성격 등 개인 안에 내재하고 있는 '긍정성' 속에 내포하고 있는 유연성과 통합성, 위기 대처 능력 등을 고려해 볼 때, 경제적 취약함이라는 부정적 환경 속에서도 나타나는 저소득층 어머니의 긍정성은 궁극적으로 저소득층 아동의 건강한 성장과 발달 측면에서 매우 중요한 문제라 할 수 있다. 이에 이 연구에서는 경제적으로 어려움에 처한 저소득층 어머니를 대상으로 애정적 양육 행동, 성인애착, 심리적 안녕감 등 개인의 긍정성에 초점을 두고 어머니의 애정적 양육행동에 대한 성인애착의 영향이 심리적 안녕감에 의해 매개되는가를 저소득층 어머니 101명과 중산층 어머니 238명을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 연구결과 저소득층 어머니의 애정적 양육행동은 중산층 어머니의 경우처럼 안정된 성인애착에 의해 유의하게 설명되나 안정된 성인애착의 영향은 부분 매개 효과를 보이는 중산층 어머니와 달리 심리적 안녕감에 의해 완전 매개 되는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 저소득층 어머니의 애정적 양육행동 향상을 위해 중산층 어머니보다 심리적 안녕감 증진에 보다 많은 관심을 기울일 필요가 있음을 시사하는 것이다.