• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 1998

The catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide has been studied for the fixation of carbon dioxide to mitigate global warming problems, but it needed hydrogen, which the price is still high. Recently, the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide has been drawn attractions because carbon dioxide could be converted to the valuable chemicals such as methane, ethane and alcohols electrochemically in the electrolyte solution using a catalytic electrode. This system is simple because the water electrolysis and hydrogenation take place at the same time using the surplus electricity at midnight. In this work, a continuous electrochemical reduction system was fabricated, which was composed of the reduction electrode (copper or perovskite type, $2{\times}2cm^2$), reference electrode(platinum, $2{\times}6cm^2$), standard electrode(Ag/AgCl), and potassium bicarbonate electrolyte solution saturated with carbon dioxide. The quality and quantity of the products and reduction current were analyzed, according to the electrolyte concentration and electrode type.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.37-41
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• 2012

The Ag nanoparticles attached $La_{0.7}Sr_{0.3}Co_{0.3}Fe_{0.7}O_{3-{\delta}}$ (LSCF) perovskites were prepared by plasma method. The Ag nanoparticles with size of several nanometers deposited from the Ag target were coated on the surface of LSCF powders with size range from 0.2 to 3 ${\mu}m$. The agglomeration of Ag particles annealed at $800^{\circ}C$ under inert gas of Ar were rarely observed. The inter-diffusion between surface Ag and core LSCF is effectively strong to prevent aggregation of Ag nanoparticles. The wave number of FT-IR spectra for LSCF were largely shifted as the concentration of Ag on LSCF up to 2.11 wt.%. The ionic states of irons in LSCF were measured by M$\ddot{o}$ssbauer spectroscopy. The small amount of $Fe^{4+}$ ions are converted to $Fe^{3+}$ ions after Ag nanopartcles were coated on LSCF.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.119-134
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• 2019

In order to analyze the observational environment of solar radiation stations operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), we used the digital elevation model (DEM) and the solar radiation model to calculate a topographical shading, sky view factor (SVF) and solar radiation by surrounding terrain. The sky line and SVF were calculated using high resolution DEM around 25 km of the solar stations. We analyzed the topographic effect by analyzing overlapped solar map with sky line. Particularly, Incheon station has low SVF whereas Cheongsong and Chupungryong station have high SVF. In order to validation the contribution of topographic effect, the solar radiation calculated using GWNU solar radiation model according to the sky line and SVF under the same meteorological conditions. As a result, direct, diffuse and global solar radiation were decreased by 12.0, 5.6, and 4.7% compared to plane surface on Cheongsong station. The 6 stations were decreased amount of mean daily solar radiation to the annual solar radiation. Among 42 stations, eight stations were analyzed as the urgent transfer stations or moving equipment quickly and more than half of stations (24) were required to review the observational environment. Since the DEM data do not include artifacts and vegetation around the station, the stations need a detail survey of observational environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.741-749
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• 2022

Radiography-Testing that verify the quality of welding structures without destruction are overwhelmingly used in industries, but many safety precautions are required as radiation is used. The workers for Radiography-Testing perform the inspection by moving the Iridium-192 radiation source embedded in the transport container of the gamma-ray irradiator within or outside the facility. The general facility is completely blocked about radiation from the outside with thick concrete, but if it is difficult for worker to handle object of inspection, facilities ceiling can be opened. A general facility may be constructed using a theoretical dose evaluation method because all exterior facilities are blocked, but if the ceiling is open, it is not appropriate to evaluate radiation safety with a simple theoretical calculation method due to the skyshine effect. Therefore, in this study, the radiation safety of the facility was evaluated in the actual field through an ion chamber survey-meter and an accumulated dose-meter called as OSLD, and the actual evaluation environment was modeled and evaluated using the Monte Carlo simulation code as FLUKA. According to the direction of the irradiation, the radiation dose at the facility boundary was difficult to meet the standards set by the regulatory authority, and radiation safety could be secured through additional methods. In addition, it was confirmed that the simulation results using the Iridium-192 source were valid evaluation with the actual measured results.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.354-360
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• 1997

페르브스카이트 구조를 갖는 CaTiO$_{3}$-La(Zn$_{1}$2/Ti$_{1}$2)O$_{3}$계에서 소결 온도와 소결 시간의 증가에 따른 ZnO의 휘발과 이에 따른 고주파 유전 특성에 대하여 조사하였다. 시편 내부를 WDS 분석한 결과 위치에 따른 ZnO의 농도차를 관찰할 수 있었고, 시편의 두께를 달리하여 Qxf$_{o}$ 값을 조사한 결과 ZnO가 많이 휘발된 가장자리에서 더 높은 Qxf$_{o}$ 값을 얻을 수 있었다. 0.535CaTiO$_{3}$-0. 465La(Zn$_{1}$2/Ti$_{1}$2/)O$_{3}$몰비로 155$0^{\circ}C$, 2시간동안 합성한 결과 소결 밀도 5.31g/㎤, 유전율 50, Qxf$_{0}$34,000, 온도계수 +8ppm/$^{\circ}C$의 고주파 유전 특성을 갖는 소결체를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 1997

Lead titanate박막을 $Pt/Ti/SiO_{2}/Si(Pt/Ti기판)와\;Pt/Ta/SiO_{2}/SiO_{2}$Si(Pt/Ta 기판) 위에서 전자 사이크로트론 공명플라즈마 화학증착법(ECR PECVD)으로 증착하였다. 증착온도, 산소유입량, MO source유입비등의 증착변수에 따른 lead titanate박막의 조성과 미세구조를 주사전자현미경(SEM), 투과전자현미경(TEM), X선 회절법(XRD)으로 조사하였다. 산소유입량이 적을 경우,Tisource와 Pb source의 산소화의 반응성 차이 때문에 Pb 농도가 부족한 화학양론비가 잘 맞는 박막이 증착되었다. Pt/ti기판은 lead titanate박막증착도중 기판의 Ti층과 Pt층의 확산으로 기판변형이 발생하는 반면, Pt/Ta기판은 기판변형이 일어나지 않았다. Pt/Ta기판에서 페롭스카이트 화학양론비를 갖는 매우 평탄한 lead titanate박막을 증착 하였는데, 산소유입량이 lead titanate박막의 결정성을 크게 지배하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.77.2-77.2
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• 2010

일산화탄소를 수소로 변환하는 수성가스전환반응(WGSR)은 수소 생산, 연료개질 시스템뿐만 아니라 암모니아 제조, 제철소 제련과정등 일선 산업현장에서 널리 활용되고 있다. 상용공정에서의 WGS반응은 두 단계의 반응기(HTS/LTS)에서 각각 Fe/Cr, Cu/Zn기반 촉매를 사용하여 이루어진다. 하지만 이러한 촉매들은 공기중 자연발화성이 있고 사용전 환원과정이 필요하다. 또한 최근에 많은 연구가 진행되고 있는 귀금속 담지 촉매는 기존 촉매의 단점을 극복하고 활성이 높은 장점이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서 제시한 페로브스카이트 촉매는 상용 촉매, 귀금속 담지촉매 시스템과의 비교를 위하여 제작된 촉매를 사용한 반응시스템과 기존 상용촉매를 사용한 반응시스템을 비교하여 개발 촉매의 성능 수준을 검토하였다. 이러한 결과 페로브스카이트 구조 촉매는 상용촉매의 공정상의 단점과 귀금속 담지촉매의 가격적인 측면에서의 단점을 동시에 극복한 촉매로서 성능 및 메탄화반응 억제 측면에서 우수성을 보유하고 있다는 것을 증명하였다. 이러한 페로브스카이트 구조 촉매의 반응특성을 규명하기 위해 문헌조사해본 결과 기존 수성가스전환반응에서 쓰이는 촉매들의 반응매카니즘은 대표적으로 formate와 redox 반응 두가지가 있었다. 페로스브스카이트 구조 촉매는 그 구조와 귀금속 함량, 활성 등 성능측면에서 귀금속 촉매와 상당히 유사한 측면이 있기 때문에 귀금속 담지 촉매의 반응속도식을 기본으로 하여 실험결과와 일치시켜 페로브스카이트구조 촉매에 맞는 반응속도식을 제시하고 이를 통한 반응파라미터 값을 도출하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.164-174
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• 1996

This paper presents control and response characteristics of a continuously variable ER(electrorheological) damper for small-sized vehicles. The ER damper is devised and its governing equation of motion is derived from the bond graph model. The field-dependent yield shear stresses are distilled from experimental investigation on the Bingham property of the ER fluid. The distilled data are incorporated into the governing system model and, on the basis of this model, an appropriate size of the ER damper is manufactured. After evaluating the field-dependent damping performance of the proposed ER damper, the skyhook control algorithm is formulated to achieve desired level of the damping force. The controller is then experimentally implemented and control characteristics of the ER damper are presented in order to demonstrate superior controllability of the damping force. In addition, response characteristics of the damping force with respect to the electric field with fast on-off frequency are provided to show the feasibility of practical application.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.900-904
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• 1992

High temperature electrical conductivity was measured for perovskite La0.98Sr0.02MnO3 at 200~130$0^{\circ}C$ as a function of Po2 and 1/T. Perovskite La1-xSrxMnO3 system is the typical oxygen electrode in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Acetate precursors were used for the preparation of mixed water solution and the calcined powders were reacted with Na2CO3 flux in order to obtain highly reactive powders of perovskite La0.98Sr0.02MnO3. The relative density was greatly increased above 90% because of the homogeneous sintering. From the conductivity ($\sigma$)-temperature and conductivity-Po2 at constant temperature, the defect structure of La0.98Sr0.02MnO3 was discussed. From the slope of 1n($\sigma$) vs 1/T, the activation energy of 0.069 and 0.108eV were evaluated for above 40$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. From the relationship between $\sigma$ and Po2, it was found that the decomposition of La0.98Sr0.02MnO3 was occurred at 10-15.5 atm(97$0^{\circ}C$) and 10-11 atm(125$0^{\circ}C$). It is supposed that the improvement of p-type conductivity may be leaded by the increase of Mn4+ concentration through the substitution of divalent/monovalent cations for La site in LaMnO3.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.460-465
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• 2008

This paper proposes a new type of MR (magentorheological) fluid based suspension system and applies it to military vehicle for vibration control. The suspension system consists of gas spring and MR damper. The nonlinear behavior of spring characteristics is evaluated with respect to the wheel travel and damping force model due to viscosity and yield stress of MR fluid is derived. Subsequently, a military vehicle of 6WD is adopted for the integration of the MR suspension system and its nonlinear dynamic model is establishes by considering vertical, pitch and roll motion. Then, a sky-hook controller associated with semi-active actuating condition is designed to reduce the vibration. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed MR suspension system, computer simulation is undertaken showing vibration control performance such as roll angle and pitch angle evaluated under bump and random road profiles.