• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 2008

We conducted this study to compare physiological response according to growing conditions between superior and inferior family of Pinus densiflora. In 1981, open-pollinated (OP) progenies of P. densiflora were planted in Chuncheon (CC) and Naju (NJ). We selected KW2 as a superior family and KW23 as a inferior family based on volume index among 30 OP progenies. We calculated general combining ability of each 30 OP progenies in each sites, and compared family growth rank. We collected needles of selected families in CC and NJ, and analyzed chlorophyll content, nitrated reductase (NR) activity, nitrogen content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) acitivity. In CC, chlorophyll content and nitrogen content were more in needles of KW2 than those of KW23. In NJ, KW2 showed higher NR activity than KW23, and according to site, families in CC showed higher NR activity than those in NJ. SOD activities of both families were higher in NJ, and KW23 showed higher activity than KW2 in both sites. Consequently, inconsistency of the growth performance of two families was caused by different genetic and physiological responses.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.191-198
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• 2019

High impervious surfaces increase the surface runoff during rainfall and reduces the underground infiltration thereby leading to water cycle distortion. The distortion of water cycle causes various urban environmental problems such as urban flooding, drought, water pollutant due to non-point pollution runoff, and water ecosystem damage. Climate change intensified seasonal biases in urban rainfall and affected urban microclimate, thereby increasing the intensity and frequency of urban floods and droughts. Low impact development(LID) technology has been applied to various purposes as a technique to reduce urban environmental problems caused by water by restoring the natural water cycle in the city. This study evaluated the contribution of hydrologic characteristics and water cycle recovery after LID application using long-term monitoring results of various LID technology applied in urban areas. Based on the results, the high retention and infiltration rate of the LID facility was found to contribute significantly to peak flow reduction and runoff delay during rainfall. The average runoff reduction effect was more than 60% at the LID facility. The surface area of the LID facility area ratio(SA/CA) was evaluated as an important factor affecting peak flow reduction and runoff delay effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 2019

Offshore working environments such as ships, offshore oil and gas plants, and offshore wind turbines are isolated and directly exposed to rough seas, which pose high risks of safety accidents. Therefore, all workers in offshore plants should be able to cope with emergency situations and must be qualified according to relevant laws and regulations such as the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW Convention) and Offshore Petroleum Industry Training Organization (OPITO) standards. In particular, marine workers should be able to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in isolated locations or enclosed and confined spaces such as those in life-boats, life-rafts, rescue-boats, etc. Because the floor material is made of rubber, it may be difficult to perform chest compressions in life-rafts used to escape from emergency situations in ships or offshore plants. Chest compressions performed on life-rafts may reduce the accuracy of CPR and increase fatigue for those providing aid. To measure the accuracy and fatigue of those performing CPR in life-rafts, 15 experimenters with more than five years of experience as first aid instructors were exposed to different CPR environments in a marine safety training center equipped with an artificial wave generator. The results showed that the accuracy of CPR in the classroom was 99.6 %, but that in various life-raft environments was only 84 %. T-verification of the two sites confirmed the reduced accuracy of CPR performed on life-rafts. CPR on life-rafts should be performed in groups of two and with the use of automated chest compression devices.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2019

In this study, an anthracene cross-linker is introduced to enhance the catalytic activity of glucose oxidase (GOx) based catalysts and to increase the amount of enzyme loading. The crosslinked GOx is bonded with the CNT/PEI support using the electrostatic interaction (AC[CNT/PEI/GOx]). Electrochemical evaluations are done to evaluate the performance of this catalyst and the performance of CNT/PEI/GOx catalyst is also measured as a control. According to the measurements, it is confirmed that the amount of loaded GOx increases, while $K_m$ value calculated by Lineweaver-Burk plot shows that AC[CNT/PEI/GOx] ($K_m$ : 0.73 mM) is superior to CNT/PEI/GOx ($K_m$ : 1.71 mM) without cross-linking reaction. Based on these effects, it is demonstrated that the maximum power density of the enzymatic biofuel cell using AC[CNT/PEI/GOx] increases from $21.2{\mu}W/cm^2$ to $57.4{\mu}W/cm^2$.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.432-443
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• 2018

This study aims to analyze the current career management system for construction engineers and propose the developed future plan for the career management system. Especially, this study explores the Index of Construction Engineer's Competency(ICEC) and issues for workplace competency development which is the foundation of the career management system for construction engineers and proposes the advanced strategies for operating the career management system. For the developing the future strategy of the current construction engineer's career management system, a focus group interview was conducted in this study. Total 12 experts participated in the FGI. The study results identify the six key issues for advanced construction engineers' career management system. Those six issues include 1)preparing in the inducement of new human resources, 2)institutional modification of the current job/expertise fields, 3)attaching importance of practical experience in the workplace, 4)consideration of various factors of individual career, and 5)developing the highest level's workplace competency. Based on these research findings, theoretical and practical implication and suggestion for future studies were provided.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.140-149
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• 2018

Along with the recent increase in national income, social phenomena such as aging due to a decrease in population and an increase in single households are observed. There are also an increasing number of households raising pets in proportion to aging households and the increase in the number of single households, most of which use animal companions to overcome loneliness and boost domestic vitality. As more and more people consider pets as family members, the size of the domestic pet market is also growing. The growing number of pets in older households and single households is not properly managed by care such as food meals and exercise management for pets. It is necessary to research and develop robots that can monitor animal companions remotely, feed a certain amount of food at regular intervals, and manage their health through exercise. Among pet companions, dog selection is the highest. Therefore, this study identified robot research on driving methods, examples of existing pet care systems, and researched pet care robots using obstacle avoidance algorithms. In order to use the snack pay behavior and obstacle avoidance algorithm of the pet animals by applying IoT and we .oPI technology, it is able to use ultrasonic sensors on the front and has four infrared sensors on the back. However, this study does not reflect the characteristics of other pet animals as a study on pet care robots, and it requires continuous observation and testing.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.14
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• pp.325-357
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• 2006

In diesem Aufsatz wird die Geschichte der Bewertungsdiskussion in Deutschland vorgestellt. Bis zum 18. Jh. war das Ziel der Archivarbeit die Systematisierung der rechtlichen und politischen Kenntnissen. Der juristisch geschulte Archivar hob Unterlagen in der Regel aus $Gr{\ddot{u}}nden$ der Rechtssicherheit auf. Vernichtet wurde, was schon seit $l{\ddot{a}}ngerem$ im Archiv lag. Nach dem Zusammenfall des alten Regimes haben die Archivare keine mehr mit dem Recht des Herrschers zu tun. Und die Archive wurden zu $Lagerst{\ddot{a}}tten$ der Geschichte und Forschung. $F{\ddot{u}}r$ den Ordnung der Archivgut, die aus den verschiedener Dienststellen stammten, wurde das Provenienzprinzip gebildet. Die Archivare richtete sich auf das inhaltsorientierten Bewertungsverfahren, das die wissenschaftlichen $Bed{\ddot{u}}rfnisse$ befriedigte. Der Anlass der Bildung der modernen Archivtheorie war der ersten Weltkrieg. Das Problem, wie man die Massenakten, die $W{\ddot{a}}hrend$ dieses Krieges entstanden, behandeln sollten, $f{\ddot{u}}hrte$ unter dem $Einflu{\ss}$ der Demokratie zur Bildung der Provenienz-orientierte Bewertungsdiskussion. Aufbau, Zielsetzung und Verfahren der aktenbildenden Stelle bildeten den Ausgang der Bewertung. Im Klima ${\ddot{o}}ffentlicher$ $B{\ddot{u}}rokratieablehnung$ der 50er und 60er Jahren wurde die inhaltsorientierte Auswahl wieder die vorherrschende Methodenvorgabe. Diese Theorie, die Booms vertritt, $f{\ddot{u}}hrt$ zu der Theorie der dokumentation strategy von Ende 20. Jh.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.39-72
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to conduct an empirical analysis on the effect of aid proliferation on government spending on health by the recipient nations using panel data and acquire information on the direction of future ODA operations. In this study, calculated excessive foreign aid index with regard to the health sector of Sub-Sahara African nations and conducted an empirical analysis on the effect of aid fragmentation on government spending on health sector. The result of the analysis disclosed that aid fragmentation significantly reduced government spending on health. It is anticipated that such trend came from the mutual pursuit of profit between the attribute (the needs of the donor nation) of ODA projects after new businesses and the governments of recipient nations that want ODA funding. Because competitive and excessive supports in ODA projects induce distortion in the government budget operation of the recipient nations and thereby trigger disutility in ODA projects, Based on the result of the analysis, We proposed to incorporate a more comprehensive deliberation with regard to the capacity of the recipient nations as well as a need for the role of mediating body such as DAC.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.57
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• pp.99-124
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• 2017

The primary objective of this study is to examine differences between the persons with recent onset and chronic mental illness in their family function; and analyze factors influence on the family function. The independent variables are divided into four sets: socio-economic, clinical, familial, and social characteristics. The subjects of this study are the 628 with mental disorders, and the sample was selected in Pusan and Gyeong-nam area. The findings of this study can be summarized as followed: The family with chronic mental illness showed higher family function in comparison with recent onset. Result of hierarchical multiple regression analysis show that age of onset, difference between ideal and reality in family function variable only influenced family function for the recent onset group, and activities of daily living, difference between ideal and reality in family function, caregiver's health, community support variables influenced family function for the chronic group. The results suggest a need for using different treatment approaches for recent onset versus chronic mentally disabled families. Implications for mental health social work practice for family with disabled are suggested.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.68-85
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to understand science teaching experiences of elementary school teachers who taught the system thinking-based science inquiry class. The phenomenological methods were applied to analyze four elementary teachers' meaningful experiences. The four step methods of phenomenological experience research proposed by Giorgi (1985) and interview questions developed by Seidman (1998) and Schuman (1982) were used in order to collect qualitative data. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, teachers intentionally tried to ask divergent thinking questions which promoted the system thinking in classes. The teachers used divergent thinking questions to promote their students' thinking activities and to induce students' system thinking. In addition, the receptive mood created by teachers and interactive environments had a positive effect on promoting system thinking skills. Second, teachers remarked lack of teaching and learning materials and difficulties in selecting themes of their classes in order to teach the system thinking-based science inquiry class effectively. In addition, it was very difficult for teachers to evaluate the contents and processes of students' learning correctly because there were little evaluative tools and methods readily available. The findings indicated that there were some limitations in maximizing the effects of system thinking-based science inquiry instruction due to elementary students' inappropriate process skills of inquiry activities. Findings of this study revealed significant insights about elementary school teachers' experiences regarding the system thinking-based science class.