• 전기의세계
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.5-16
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• 1989

신경컴퓨터에 대한 연구는 1940년대부터 시작되었다. 이 신경 컴퓨터는 현재 패턴 인식, 음성인식 분야에서 성공적인 결과를 제시하고 있으며, 기존의 컴퓨터보다 우월한 응용 분야로 생각되어지는 분야로는 학습, 인식 등으로서 정밀도를 요하는 수학적 계산 분야는 디지탈 컴퓨터가 역시 우세하다. 따라서 장래의 컴퓨터는 기존의 디지탈 컴퓨터와 신경 컴퓨터가 하이브리드 형태로 된 것으로 발전할 것이다.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.65-80
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• 2010

The aims of our study are to investigate the nature of mathematical reasoning and the teaching of mathematical reasoning in school mathematics. We analysed the process of shaping deduction in ancient Greek based on Netz's study, and discussed on the comparison between his study and Freudenthal's local organization. The result of our analysis shows that mathematical reasoning in elementary school has to be based on children's natural language and their intuitions, and then the mathematical necessity has to be formed. And we discussed on the sequences and implications of teaching of the sum of interior angles of polygon composed the discovery by induction, justification by intuition and logical reasoning, and generalization toward polygons.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.361-380
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• 2016

This study aims to reflect on mathematical imaginations in learning mathematics and elementary students' mathematical imaginations. This was approaching a study of imagination not as psychological problems but as objects and methods of mathematics learning. First, children's mathematical narratives were analysed in terms of Egan(2008)'s basic cognitive tools using imagination, that is, metaphor, binary opposites, rhyme rhythm pattern, jokes humor, mental imagery, gossip, play, mystery. Second, how children's imaginations change under different grades was addressed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.649-652
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• 2002

PCA 방법은 입력 차원을 수학적으로 줄일 수 있는 장점 때문에 패턴인식 부분에서 널리쓰이고 있다. 얼굴인식에서의 PCA는 학습 패턴의 분산을 최대로 하는 기저 벡터들인 고유얼굴을 만들어 얼굴인식이 필요한 영상을 이 기저 벡터에 투사시켜 이때 나온 인자들과 원래 각 개인의 대표 인자값과의 거리 비교로 얼굴을 인식하는 방법이다. 그러나 조명등의 영향에 매우 민감하며 거리값으로 얼굴을 인식하기 때문에 다양한 변화에 따라 오인식률이 높아진다. 이는 인식률을 높이고자 임계값을 높게 설정하는 과정에서 발생하는 오류이며, 이를 방지하기 위해 임계치를 낮게 설정하면 오거부율이 높아진다. 이에 본 연구에서는 PCA에 입력되는 패턴들을 사전에 비교, 분류하여 PCA 연산시에 분산과 변위를 최대한으로 가질 수 있도록 하였다. 그러하여, 기존의 PCA보다 상당히 낮은 임계값으로도 오거부율의 증가를 막았으며, 낮은 임계값 설정으로 인하여 오인식률을 낮추는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 이는 기존의 PCA 방법을 사용하는 인식시스템에서 종종 발생하는 허가되지 않아야 하는 외부인을 인증시키는 사례를 줄일 수 있다.

• School Mathematics
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.337-351
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• 2010

Blackout game on a certain size of the Go table, which looks simple, involves a variety of mathematical modeling. This study uses a research and education method. While the mathematically gifted students were playing blackout game, the author, as the instructor, observed the ways in which they approached various mathematical models. Based on the data, this study examines the effects of blackout game on the children's cognitive processes. This study further discusses the issues of questions.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.257-275
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• 2023

In this study, we designed and implemented a instruction emphasizing mathematical argument for fifth-grade students and analyzed the teaching practices. Through a literature review related to instruction emphasizing mathematical argument, we organized a teaching model of five phases that explain why the general claim that the sum of consecutive odd numbers equals a square number is true: 1) noticing patterns, 2) articulating conjectures, 3) representing through visual model, 4) arguing based on representation, 5) comparing and contrasting. Then, we analyzed the argumentation stream by phases to observe how the instruction emphasizing mathematical argument is implemented in the elementary classroom. Based on the results of this study, we discuss the implications of teaching a mathematical argument in elementary school.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.207-234
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• 2014

There has been an increasing concern of how mathematical idea indicates and shares in a way to promote students' mathematical development. Such ideas highlighting need of the culture of mathematics classroom in mathematical education. The culture of mathematics classroom was constructed classroom social norms, sociomathematical norms, and classroom mathematical practice. This paper investigated how sociomathematical norms were constructed in two elementary mathematics classrooms by two different teachers.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.87-92
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• 2019

This paper describes the pattern analysis for data of the factory energy consumption by using machine learning method. While usual statistical methods or approaches require specific equations to represent the physical characteristics of the plant, machine learning based approach uses historical data and calculate the result effectively. Although rule-based approach calculates energy usage with the physical equations, it is hard to identify the exact equations that represent the factory's characteristics and hidden variables affecting the results. Whereas the machine learning approach is relatively useful to find the relations quickly between the data. The factory has several components directly affecting to the electricity consumption which are machines, light, computers and indoor systems like HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning). The energy loads from those components are generated in real-time and these data can be shown in time-series. The various sensors were installed in the factory to construct the database by collecting the energy usage data from the components. After preliminary statistical analysis for data mining, time-series clustering techniques are applied to extract the energy load pattern. This research can attributes to develop Factory Energy Management System (FEMS).

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.277-293
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• 2011

The purpose of mathematics education is to develop the ability of transforming various problems in general situations into mathematics problems and then solving the problem mathematically. Various teaching-learning methods for improving the ability of the mathematics problem-solving can be tried. However, it is necessary to choose an appropriate teaching-learning method after figuring out students' level of understanding the mathematics learning or their problem-solving strategies. The error analysis is helpful for mathematics learning by providing teachers more efficient teaching strategies and by letting students know the cause of failure and then find a correct way. The following subjects were set up and analyzed. First, the error classification pattern was set up. Second, the errors in the solving process of the function problems were analyzed according to the error classification pattern. For this study, the survey was conducted to 90 first grade students of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$high school in Chung-nam. They were asked to solve 8 problems in the function part. The following error classification patterns were set up by referring to the preceding studies about the error and the error patterns shown in the survey. (1)Misused Data, (2)Misinterpreted Language, (3)Logically Invalid Inference, (4)Distorted Theorem or Definition, (5)Unverified Solution, (6)Technical Errors, (7)Discontinuance of solving process The results of the analysis of errors due to the above error classification pattern were given below First, students don't understand the concept of the function completely. Even if they do, they lack in the application ability. Second, students make many mistakes when they interpret the mathematics problem into different types of languages such as equations, signals, graphs, and figures. Third, students misuse or ignore the data given in the problem. Fourth, students often give up or never try the solving process. The research on the error analysis should be done further because it provides the useful information for the teaching-learning process.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.379-397
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• 2014

According to Kant, time is integral to all human cognitive experiences. Human beings perceive things in the frame of time. Phenomena are perceived in successive way or in coexistent way. In this paper, I argue that the perspective of temporality and atemporality can be a framework to consider the issues of teaching and understanding of mathematical knowledge. Significance of temporal inquiry of atemporal phenomena is discussed with examples of mathematical expressions and geometric figures. Significance of atemporal inquiry of temporal phenomena is also discussed with examples of the sum of natural numbers, geometric pattern, and the probability of two events. Teachers should understand the potential of mathematical tasks from the perspective of temporality and atemporality and provide students with opportunities to inquire temporal phenomena atemporally and atemporal phenomena temporally.