• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.39-53
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• 2018

Most of the studies of mathematics so far have found positive changes in the effectiveness of the academic achievements of academic achievement, as well as positive changes in the effectiveness of academic achievement or attitudes or attitudes towards mathematics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the achievement criteria for the use of the teaching aids and to present the teaching aids and the methods for teaching the learning contents appropriate to the achievement standards. Specifically, it finds the achievement standard suitable for the learning contents instruction course of the textbooks of the elementary school 1st and 2nd graders, finds the available diocese in the standard diocese for the math class, and investigates the diocese in use in the present textbook.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.587-603
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• 2020

This study is a basic study to effectively develop a mathematics experience object, an important tool and educational tool in mathematics education. Recently, as mathematics education based on action theory is emphasized, various mathematics experience objects are being developed. It is also used through various after-school activities in the school. However, there are insufficient cases in which a mathematics experience teaching tools is developed and used as a tool for explaining mathematics concepts in mathematics classrooms. Also, the mathematical background of the mathematics experience teaching tools used by students is unclear. For this reason, the mathematical understanding of the toolst for mathematics experience is also very insufficient. Therefore, in this study, a development model is proposed as a systematic method for developing a mathematics experience teaching tools. Also, in this study, we developed 'the Great Common Divisor' mathematics experience teaching tool according to the development model. Through the model proposed through this study and the actual mathematics experience teaching tool, the development of various tools for mathematical experience will be practically implemented. In addition, it is expected that various tools for experiencing mathematics based on mathematical foundations will be developed.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-49
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• 2009

Utilizing the mathematical materials in elementary mathematics education is known to increase the learners' creativity and interests for mathematics. Although the effects of mathematical materials have been frequently researched, a practical plan and a process to utilize the mathematical materials has been rarely researched. The dependence on the mathematical materials is tested by the students' responses to the mathematical problems in the class that allowed to use mathematical materials. The activities in the text book are reorganized to seven chapters for utilizing the mathematical materials. The dependence on the mathematical materials when solving the mathematical problems is investigated by the textbook, students' answers, and handouts. The conclusions of this study are: First of all, the activities using mathematical materials are reorganized within the mathematics education curriculum. The high interests are also investigated in all the learning level of learners. Second, the learners in the high learning level use the mathematical materials for their needs and the correction of their mistakes. The dependence on mathematical materials is lowest compared to the other level learners. Third, the learners in the mid learning level also use the mathematical materials for their needs and their mistakes, but are often confused when utilizing the materials. Fourth, the learners in the low learning level show their interests, and enthusiasm in the mathematical materials themselves. Their interests help to solve mathematical problems. The dependence on the materials is higher than the other level learners, but the dependence is not shown only for the low level learners.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.14
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• pp.163-176
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• 2001

대부분의 수학 수업이 알고리즘을 숙달시키고, 기계적으로 익힌 절차에 의해 정답을 맞추는 것에 중점을 두어 왔기 때문에, 학생들은 수학은 딱딱하고 어렵고 재미없는 과목이라는 인식을 많이 하고 있다. 그러나, 수학 수업에서 수학 교구의 조작 활동을 한다면 수학적인 흥미를 유발할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 추상과 형식적인 수학으로의 발달을 돕고 학생들이 활동적으로 수업에 참여할 수 있게 된다. 이러한 맥락에서 제 7차 교육과정의 '도형'영역에서는 조작 활동을 통한 자기 학습능력 개발에 중점을 두고 주위의 실제 생활에서 볼 수 있는 사물을 관찰하여 그 성질을 추상해 낼 수 있도록 구체적인 교구를 이용하는 조작 활동을 강조하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 관점에서 정규 수학 수업이 아닌 일선학교의 클럽 활동 시간을 이용하여 학생들이 수학 교구를 충분히 조작하고 활용할 시간을 제공하며, 학생들이 수학 교구의 조작 활동을 통한 클럽활동이 학생들의 수학적 성향 및 능력 수준에 따른 도형 학습능력에 어떠한 변화를 미치는 지를 사례를 중심으로 논의하고자 한다.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.61-78
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions and perspectives on meanings and use of manipulatives in mathematics lessons. For the investigation, the researcher reviewed related literature and analyzed the perceptions of preservice teachers on the meanings and use of manipulatives in mathematics lessons. The participants were 75 preservice elementary school teachers who took a teaching practice course at the 1st or the 2nd semester in 2015. These preservice teachers observed mathematics lessons for two weeks during the student teaching periods. They were requested to observed the use of manipulatives in mathematics lessons and wrote about their ideas on the meanings and use of manipulatives. Result of the research was that the perceptions on the meanings and use of manipulatives from the preservice teachers' perspectives are as follows. Manipulatives in mathematics lessons were self-made or pre-made manufactures. The using time of manipulatives during lessons varies, and the teachers provide the manipulatives with contexts. Providing in-depth observation during a teaching practice course is allowed opportunities for preservice teachers to reflect their mathematics teaching and learning methods in the classroom.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.55-72
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• 2002

초등학교에서 제 7차교육과정은 2002학년도부터 모든 학년에서 운용이 시작된다. 우리는 새로운 교육과정의 기본 방향을 ‘학습자 중심교육과정’이라 하고, 이에 대한 실천방안으로 초등수학교육에서는 ‘활동중심’ 교육과정의 전개를 특징으로 하고 있다. 특히 활동 중심교육에서 가장 중요한 것은 활동의 대상이 되는 교구의 활용이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 교구들 중에서 가장 일반적인 것은 조작교구이므로 이러한 조작교구의 종류와 특징, 성질을 이해하고 활용하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 그러나 실제 학교현장에서는 이러한 자료 활용에 대한 준비와 연구 미흡으로 실천하는데 어려움을 겪고 있는 것이 현실이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 보다 효과적으로 조작교구를 활용 할 수 있는 방안을 제 7차교과서의 내용을 중심으로 탐색하여 구체적인 예를 들어 교수 ${\cdot}$ 학습활동에 도움을 주고자 한다.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.153-176
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to rethink the importance of manipulative materials and to extract of manipulative materials program and its application methods. Activity, construction, and operation is stressed in the elementary mathematics. For this, various technological tools and manipulative materials is emphasized in mathematics teaching-learning methods. Applications of manipulative materials in the elementary mathematics is gradually increased together with curriculum revisions and textbook developments. As a result, tangram, geo-board etc., many tools ate introduces to school mathematics. This study is executed in this contexts. To achieve this, We introduce Australian 'Maths With Attitude' program. This program is composed of the primary level and secondary level. Each level consists of four domains - Number & Computation, Space & Logic, Chance & Measurement, Pattern & Algebra -, and each domains is made up of 20 tasks(i.e. manipulative materials) and programs. This study takes the focus to 5-6 grades programs in the mid of the primary level. First, We introduce 'Monkeys & Bananas'(Number & Computation) and 'Triangles & Colours' (Pattern & Algebra) tasks, and investigate the examples of lessons using these tasks. Second, We think the probability of these tasks' application and draw examples in the elementary mathematic textbooks. Through this works, We respect teaching-learning methods is rich and various in the elementary mathematics lessons.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.15
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• pp.87-92
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• 2003

본 연구의 목적은 초등학교 5학년의 도형 영역에서 도형의 모양과 변환을 대상으로 공간 시각화하는 과정에서 나타나는 교구의 역할을 알아보고자 '공간 과제'를 수행하는 과정에서 학습 능력 수준에 따라 나타나는 교구 활용 의존도 및 교구의 역할을 비교 ${\cdot}$ 분석하고자 질적 연구를 수행하였다. 양적 측면에서 아동 C(학습능력 하: 33%), 아동 A(학습능력 상: 18%), 아동 B(학습능력 중: 15%) 순으로 나타났지만, 문제 해결 과정의 단계에서 나타나는 교구의 활용은 서로 간의 다른 특징을 보였다. 친근감을 느낄 수 있는 교구 사용을 통해 아동은 과제 해결을 위한 수학적 사고를 시작하였고, 새로운 방법 모색에 관심을 가졌으며, 유익한 시행착오를 제공하여 아동에게 자신의 사고에 대한 반성과 구체화를 촉진시켰다.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.523-544
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• 2009

The object of this study is to analyze manipulative materials in the Pattern & Algebra field of Maths300-Maths with Attitude, Australian school mathematics program with manipulative materials to search meaningful ways for school mathematics. To accomplish these projects, 20 manipulative materials in the Pattern & Algebra field of the Maths with Attitude are introduced and each manipulative materials can be used are searched according to grades and fields of Korean educational course. And 4 mathematics classes for 3rd and 5th grades(two for each grades) with manipulative materials are performed and effect of these classes are examined by recorded data and students' opinions are inquired by questionnaire. First, We analyze Pattern & Algebra of the Maths with Attitude 20 manipulative materials such as 4ARM SHAPES, ADDITION TOTALS, ICE CREAM FLAVOURS, THE LAND OF ET, etc. In this analysis, plans for utilizing the manipulative materials are categorized in 9 types. Second, by students' handling these kinds of manipulative materials in classes, their interest in mathematics is increased and voluntary and creative classes out of the conventional ones can be made. Also, students' self-confidence in mathematics and active participation is animated. This kind of manipulative materials are introduced in the educational field of elementary schools, plans for utilizing the teaching aids in the field are analyzed, the teaching aids are practically applied to classes, and the effect and meanings for mathematics classes are examined. With this research, another researches about the introduction and utilization of other various manipulative materials for motivating students to efficiently understand what they learn in mathematics class of elementary schools are required.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.675-694
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to investigate teachers' perceptions on process-focused mathematics assessment using manipulatives and technological devices and to propose the direction of the process-focused mathematics assessment. This study was conducted by the survey method with a total of 332 elementary and secondary school mathematics teachers working in Seoul or Gyeonggi areas who had experienced in using manipulatives and technological devices. According to the results, the use of manipulatives and technological devices in the process-focused mathematics assessment will facilitate the use of various alternative assessment methods such as research-report, project, and discussion for the process-focused mathematics assessment. Those alternative assessment methods enable teachers to diagnose students' learning in more accurate and holistic views and contribute to improving teachers' teaching practices focused on the mathematical process.