• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.411-418
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• 2020

In this study, we reviewed a group of marine biotoxins, namely yessotoxins (YTXs), focusing on their causative organisms, contaminated shellfish, domestic and foreign management status, and analytical methods. Although YTXs have not yet been reported in any cases of seafood contamination in South Korea, it is necessary to implement preemptive measures through continuous monitoring because there is a potential risk, due to the introduction of toxic microalgae associated with climate changes and the introduction of contaminated seafood from various countries. YTXs are produced by dinoflagellates, such as Protecratium reticulatum, Gonyaulax polygramma, Gonyaulax spinifera, and Lingulodinium polyedrum, all of which are species found along Korea's coastal areas. Analysis of YTXs in shellfish samples is mainly performed by use of LC-MS/MS after methanol extraction and SPE cartridge clean-up (HLB or strata-X). In the case of lipophilic marine biotoxins, including YTXs, pectenotoxins, and azaspiracids, the extraction and purification procedures are similar. Thus, it seems that the simultaneous analysis of several lipophilic marine biotoxins in shellfish samples is possible, and optimization is necessary. In addition, continuous monitoring studies on causative marine microalgae for YTXs in Korean coastal waters and contaminations in domestic and imported seafood are needed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.730-736
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• 2013

This study was conducted to examine the effects of the salt concentration in seafood wastewater on the high-rate anaerobic digestion process. In the general high-rate anaerobic process test, the TCODcr removal efficiency at 6 hr or more HRT was 81.1~0.7%, and the optimal HRT for seafood wastewater process was found to be 6 hr or more. The methane content in the biogas was 70.1~76.8% during the operation, and was hardly affected by the change in the influent load. The results of the anaerobic digestion efficiency according to the salt concentration showed that the removal efficiency of TCODcr was 83.4~89.2% below a $4,000mgCl^-/L$ salt concentration, and mid-70% at a $5,000mgCl^-/L$ salt concentration. Therefore, the salt concentration had to be kept below $4,000mgCl^-/L$ to ensure stable treatment efficiency. Below a $3,000mgCl^-/L$ salt concentration, the methane generation was 0.2999~0.346$m^3CH_4/kgCODrem.$, which was similar to the theoretical methane gas generation in STP condition ($0.35m^3CH_4/gTCODrem.$). The methane content in the biogas was 64.7~73.3% below a $3,000mgCl^-/L$ salt concentration, but decreased with an increase in the salt concentration, to 50.1~56.9% at a $4,000mgCl^-/L$ concentration.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.288-294
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• 2014

Penicillin and its salts, including the benzatine, procaine, and sodium salts, have been widely used in human and veterinary medicine. Owing to their low toxicity, they currently form the most important group of antibiotics. However, overdose and abuse of these antibiotics may lead to potential risk in human health. Therefore, this study was conducted to validate the analysis method established by the Korea Food Code in 2012 and to monitor the levels of benzylpenicillin residues in products with reference to the maximum residue level (MRL). Of the 232 product samples tested, benzylpenicillin was detected in 11 livestock products and 2 marine products. Benzylpenicillin concentrations were found to be lower than the MRL in 12 products; however, the concentration of benzylpenicillin was found to be greater than the MRL in 1 pork product. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for benzylpenicillin was found to be 0.001-0.002 mg/kg, with an average recovery of 90.4-115.3%. Calibrations showed good linearity of 0.995 over a range of 0.002-0.05 mg/kg.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 2021

A diagnostic test for viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), which infects more than 80 species of freshwater and marine fish at home and abroad, causing mass mortality, was conducted to provide quantitative data on the amount of virus expression in various tissues of flounder in chronological order. The tissues were collected in chronological order after the intraperitoneal injection of 3.0E+07 tissue culture infective dose₅₀ (TCID₅₀) per 0.1mL per fish of VHSV to randomly selected flounder. As a result of relative quantification through real-time PCR, the highest levels of virus expression were found in the spleen, kidney, gill, and liver on day 5. This study proved that the spleen was an appropriate site for the final diagnosis of VHSV in the early stages of infection and will provide important information for the diagnosis of legal infectious diseases in Korea.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.381-389
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• 2023

Vibrio vulnificus, the most fatal waterborne and foodborne pathogens of 50% fatality rate in the world, is common in seawater and occurs particularly in warmer months. In this study, we investigated the toxin genes using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), antibiotic resistance status using Vitek, and genetic characteristics using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of different V. vulnificus strains isolated from the Jeju Island seawater, distribution fishery products, and fish tanks. We examined a total of 487 samples and isolated a total of 46 strains (including overlapping strains) of V. vulnificus, 44 strains from seawater and 1 strain each from fishery products and fish tank. We detected toxin gene vvhA in all 46 strains and rtxA, viu in 8 strains (17.4%) and 9 strains (19.6%) strains, respectively. Antibiotic resistance tests indicated 100% resistance to cefoxitin antibiotics. The PFGE analysis of the 46 strains identified a total of 6 types showed 100% homology and the degree of similarity was 81.3-98.0%; however, there were no similarity between the regions and samples. These results indicate that V. vulnificus isolated from the seawater, fishery products, and fish tanks should be continuously monitored as cases of food poisoning caused by V. vulnificus with toxin genes have been reported in Jeju Island.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.303-304
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.112-113
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• 2000

최근 수산물에 대한 건강식으로서의 인식이 높아짐에 따라 수산가공 공장에서의 가공율도 해마다 높아져 전체 어체의 약 40∼70％를 차지하고 있는 비가식부인 어뼈, 어피, 어두, 내장 등과 같은 부산물의 증가도 동시에 수반되고 있다. 현재까지 이러한 잔사는 일부만이 사료로 이용될 뿐 대부분은 그대로 폐기되어져 심각한 환경오염을 초래하고 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.95-95
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• 2004

웅포는 금강의 배후 습지를 중심으로 형성된 마을이다. 일찍이 나루 기능과 내륙 수운을 통해 다른 지역과 내륙지역을 이어주는 포구의 기능을 수행하였다. 서해안과 가까운 하류부에 위치하고 있어 어선의 입항으로 수산물의 거래가 활발하고, 정기시장이 열리면서 육상 교통이 발달되기 전까지 포구 기능이 유지되었다. 우포는 백제시대에 포구가 형성되어 중국과 해상으로 교역하는 단계에 이르렀다. (중략)

• The Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2 s.369
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• pp.16-17
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• 2000

바다의 자원고갈문제는 갈수록 심각해져 21세기 국내 수산물 수급에 차질을 예고하고 있다. 20여년 전만 해도 꿈으로나 그려보던 바다목장이나 해양목장개발이 절실해졌다. 바다목장연구는 해양수산부 용역사업으로 환경관리개선, 어장조성기술, 자원증대기술, 바다목장의 어용관리분야 등 4개 분야로 나누어 1998년 4월부터 2004년 3월까지 6년계획으로 추진하게 된다.

• Safe Food
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.5-9
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• 2007