• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.126-126
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• 2017

본 연구는 가축분뇨를 퇴비화 하는 과정에서 흔히 사용되는 수분조절제인 톱밥, 왕겨 등의 가격적 부담으로 인해 좀 더 가격이 저렴한 수분조절제들의 성분을 비교 분석하여 어떤 차이가 있는지 확인하기 위하여 실시되었다. 이를 위해 6가지 수분조절제를 토대로 유도결합플라즈마분광계 장비를 이용하여 화학적 분석, 인장시험기를 이용하여 물리적 분석을 하였다. 화학적 분석을 통해 수분조절제 내 함유되어 있는 성분들을 분석하였으며 물리적 분석을 통해 중량, 함수율, 흡수율, 인장강도 등을 측정하였다. 화학적으로 분석을 했을 시 K, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cr, As 등을 측정을 하였으며 앞서 분석했던 각각의 성분들은 농촌진흥청에 명시되어 있는 유해성분의 최대량보다 대부분 적게 측정이 되었다. 물리적으로 분석을 했을 시, 각 수분조절제의 함수율은 최소 10.29%에서 최대 16.07%까지 측정이 되었다. 전단강도는 기존 상태가 가장 높게 측정이 되었으며 다음으로 건조상태 흡수상태로 측정이 되었다. 일반적으로 사용하기에는 흡수율이 가장 높은 우드 브리켓-1이 가장 적합한 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 1998

Changes of chemical and physical properties of the butchery waste compost were assessed when the wastepaper was used as a bulking agent (BP). Temperature of compost, with frequent turnover, was increased up to $83^{\circ}C$ even during the winter. Canon exchange capacity of the compost was increased with composting time, but pH, water content, total carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio and salt concentration were decreased to the extents showing a convergency. Heavy metal contents of BP-192 were lower than the standard criteria. Germination rate of cucumber seed, when BP-34 and BP-96 composts were applied more than 15 g, was under 40%, but those of BP-143 and BP-192 were 100%, irrespective of the amounts of compost used. The C/N ratio of the matured compost was 8.6. Results indicated that wastepaper might be employed as a bulking agent for butchery wastes composting.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.100-110
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• 2000

Studies were conducted to know effects of the bulking agents (saw dusts, mushroom waste, wheat bran coconut meal, rice hulls) adding o moisture control, fermentation methods (aerobic and anaerobic) and periods (1 to 20 days) of food waste fermentation for animal feeds on chemical compositions and in vitro DDM (digestibility of dry matter). Experiment designs were focussed basically to obtain extension service data. The NDF (neutral detergent fiber) composition in the oak and pine saw dust were 93.5% and 95.4% (DM basis) in respectively. Thus, the fermented food waste feeds using saw dust (50%) increased NDF(12%), and decreased in vitro DDM(48%) compared to those of raw materials before aerobic fermentation. The oak saw dust showed higher DDM compared to pine. Mushroom wastes which is a residues of mushroom culture mixed originally willow saw dust (80%) and wheat bran (20%) showed quite higher feed value compared to both saw dusts. It was found that an in vitro DDM and NDF composition in fermented feeds appeared highly dependent or the NDF composition in bulking agents. With an increase wheat bran ratio substitute mushroom waste showed linearly decreased NDF, and increased in vitro DDM in the fermented food waste feeds. The fermented feeds added bottling agents composed higher NDF resulted in higher NDF and lower in vitro DDM with prolonged fermentation time. The feeds from anaerobic fermentation appeared lower NDF and higher in vitro DDM compared to those of aerobic fermentation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2002

Double cropping system in a year in Kyoho grapes (Vitis labruscana L.) has currently been attempted in the plastic greenhouse. One of the problems in double cropping system is the promotion of bud break in summer season and shoot fertility. Effects of the control of soil moisture tension near the root zone and treatments of bud dormancy breaking agents on bud breaking in summer were examined to promote the bud break for the second fruiting. The lignification of shoots was induced in July or August by the control of soil moisture tension in root zone environment. The first shoot growth was almost the same as that in common plastic greenhouses. The highest bud break value appeared in the plot of cyanamide chemicals mixed with merit blue as over 75% bud break rate. The bud break rate in the discontinuing plot in irrigation showed significantly higher in bud break than that in the continuing plot in irrigation. Despite of the final high bud break rate, the time of bud break was irregular.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.5-13
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of compressed expansion rice hull (CERH) as bulking agent on physicochemical properties of composting poultry manure (PM) and of its fertilization on lettuce and pak choi growth. Treatments were designed as follows; sawdust treatment (90% PM + 10% sawdust; SP), peatmoss treatment (90% PM + 10% peatmoss; PP), and CERH treatments [PCR1 (90% PM + 10% CERH 1.3 mm) and PCR2 (90% PM + 10% CERH 3.0 mm)]. Physicochemical properties such as temperature, water content, pH, and total carbon of composted poultry piles for 31 days were unaffected by various bulking agents. However, total nitrogen content in compost pile was higher in PP and PCR1 than that of SP or PCR2. After composting for 31 days, content ranges of N, P2O5, and K2O in the composting PM piles were 19.1~19.7%, 47.6~51.6%, 2.76~3.65%, and 2.53~2.90%, respectively. As compared to SP treatment, dry weight of lettuce treated with PP and PCR1 increased by more than 10%, but only in PP for pak choi. These results indicated that CERH 1.3 could be used as bulking agents for composting PM on behalf of peatmoss or sawdust.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.81-88
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• 2018

This study analyzed the characteristics of 6 recyclable bulking agents which can replace sawdust and rice hulls that are commonly used in livestock manure composting. The content of all the hazardous chemicals found in the bulking agents used in this experiment was between 0.0 and 34.1 ppm, which was noticeably lesser than the maximum content levels of hazardous substances 5.0~900.0 ppm prescribed by the Rural Development Administration(RDA), which means that the bulking agents would be able to replace sawdusts and rice husks. The water content of the bulking agents ranged from a minimum of 12.4% to a maximum of 16.6% in the original state, which was much less than 60%, the optimal moisture content. These results indicate that they would be able to function fully as bulking agents. Their water absorption rate was in the range of minimum 31.9% ~ maximum 600.0%, which showed huge differences among the types of bulking agents. The most appropriate bulking agent in terms of water absorption rate was wood pellets. It was the highest in the wood briquette manufactured by A, which was followed by C and B in the order. The shear strength of the 5 types of bulking agents in the original state was 271.7 N on an average, the highest figure of all, except for the oak briquette whose shear strength could not be measured and the wood pellets in the absorption state. The shear strength in the dry and absorption states then followed, and were 78.0 N and 27.7 N on an average, respectively. The wood briquette of A recorded considerably lower shear strength than that of B and C. Overall, shear strength tended to increase according to lower water absorption rates. Since pine wood chips and oak cuts have relatively greater shear strength even in the absorbing state than the other materials, they will be able to endure some power in the case of stirring with pig droppings.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.71-79
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• 2007

The effects of synthetic bulking agent (SBA) on the composting reaction were investigated with a lab-scale composting reactor. The positive effects of SBA addition were observed in composting reactions where relatively tough composting conditions like high water content and no addition of seed compost were provided. Such effects were assumed to be caused by the enhanced free air space in compost mixture. It was additional benefits of using SBA, a bulking agent, that the amount of saw dust, another bulking agent, could be reduced to 50% compared to composting without SBA. Although SBA would be used as a bulking agent, two options are thought to be very important to ensure composting reaction well. One is that optimal water content should be maintained around 60%. The other is that saw dust is inevitable bulking agent to prevent food waste from lumping, so combination use of two ones are necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.82-91
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• 2002

The study was executed to evaluate the agricultural utilization of phyllite as composting bulking agent in pig manure. The effects of the composted pig manure were verified by adopting the mixture of 10% phyllite and 20% saw dust(PSPC 10) and 20% phyllite and 10% saw dust(PSPC 20). The pig manure mixed with 30% saw dust was used as a control(PSC). However C/N ratio was very decreased because humus was rapidly progressed at PSPC 20 plot during the composting. Also, $NH_4{^+}-N$, $NO_3{^-}-N$, pH and EC were quickly changed from after one week and CEC was the highest as $92cmol_c/kg$. And Total-N was hardly changed during the composting but total carbon was rapidly declined as processing compost. Therefore, the phyllite has positively showed comparing with others in the street as compost bulking agent and go ahead, it is concerned that this material should have to research and investigating, constantly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.35-38
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• 1999

N. P. K는 감귤생산에서 가장 많이 사용되어지는 비료로서 이들 각각의 성분은 과실의 품질과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 그 중에서도 가리, 인산은 과실의 크기, 과피두께, 그리고 과실의 산도에 미치는 영향이 크다고 한다. 감귤의 착색촉진에는 제1인산 석회, 제1인산 가리의 엽면살포가 효과가 있다고 알려지고 있으며 최근에 이르러서는 하우스 재배의 토양수분 스트레스에 의한 세균 감소로 수세가 쇠약해지는 등 영양분의 결핍에 의한 생리장해를 예방하기 위하여 엽면시비가 증가하는 추세에 있다. (중략)

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.103-114
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• 2004

This study aims at investigating the effect of soil moisture control and truss limited high density culture on the growth, fruit yield and quality of tomato. To minimize of loss yield of tomato, flower cluster in number was limited to two and three truss and planting density was raised. Soil moisture control was started from 40 days after anthesis and irrigation point was set in -30kPa and -50kPa, which were compared with -10kPa For high density culture, the planting number of truss limited high density culture was planted twice as many as control. Soil moisture repression reduced the growth of stem diameter, leaf and plant height. Leaf chlorophyll content was higher in -50kPa and -30kPa than control. No significant differences, however, shows in -10kPa. The occurrence rate of bloom-end rot and cracking was increased by growing of irrigation repression. Pinching three fruit truss was higher than pinching two fruit truss in the occurrence rate of them. Soil moisture repression resulted in the reduction of fruit weight and in special, truss limited high density was distinctly decreased in -50kPa. The number of fruit was not affected by soil moisture control, but 3rd flower cluster was lower than 2nd flower cluster in the number of fruits and 2nd one was lower than 1st one. Under irrigation repression, rate of dry matter tended to grow in -30kPa, -50kPa compared with control and pinching three fruit truss was higher than two truss. Marketable yield dropped to 36.7%m 46.3 in -30kPa, -50kPa on pinching two fruit truss and dropped to 27.3%, 32.3% in 3rd flower cluster compared with control.