• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.315-321
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity and the skin moisturizing effect of cream contaning Cedrela sinensis A. Juss shoots extracts. MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction from Cedrela sinensis A. Juss shoots extracts on P. acnes and S. aureus were 0.13 %, 0.03% respectively and P. ovale and E. coli were 0.25 % equally. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction on P. acnes and S. aureus were higher than the methyl paraben. The cream containing the ethyl acetate fraction from Cedrela sinensis A. Juss shoots extracts was formulated and its skin moisturizing effect was evaluated in a clinical trial. The skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were investigated after topical application of the cream. The skin hydrating effect of the cream containing Cedrela sinensis A. Juss shoots extract was 10 ~ 15 % higher than the placebo cream, and transepidermal water loss was decreased to 6.7 g/$m^2h$ in the subjects applied with cream containing the ethyl acetate fraction of Cedrela sinensis A. Juss shoots extracts. These results indicate that ethyl acetate fraction from Cedrela sinensis A. Juss shoots extracts could be applicable to new functional antibacterial cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.215-221
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• 2006

This study focuses on investigating the effect of porosity-controlled earthenware on fermentation of kanjang, Korean soy sauce. Porosity of fermentation vessel was controlled by changing the mixing ratio of raw soils at manufacturing earthenware. Earthenwares contented 0%, 40% and 60% of the mixture of red brown soil and powdered soil (1 : 1), respectively. The more contents of the mixed soil, the more porosity in earthenware. During fermentation of kanjang in porosity-controlled earthenwares at $30^{\circ}C$ for 4 months, physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory quality attributes were monitored. Compared to other containers, kanjang in the earthenware that had 0% mixed soil showed less water loss, salt content and pH. It also produced higher total acidity, protease activity, total nucleotide, and microbiological changes which included total aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast. Total nitrogen and free amino acids in kanjang did not show the consistency with the mixed soil contents of fermentation containers, which may take more effect of other factors as water loss than the porosity of vessels. However, the percentage of glutamic acid in total free amino acids was a little higher in the earthenware that had 0% of mixed soil than other containers. These positive physicochemical, microbiological changes also resulted in higher sensory quality.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.665-671
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• 1999

Post mortem bovine muscle. semitendinosus was used to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation on physicochemical properties. The muscle was cut into pieces of 2 cm in thickness and packaged with 2 different methods; vacuum-packaged and air-packaged. The packaged samples were irradiated at designated doses of 0, 1, 3 and 5 kGy by Cobalt-60 irradiator. Muscle protein solubility, purge loss, composition and contents of free amino acids, and shear force were observed during storage at $4^{\circ}C$. We found no significant differences in the purge loss and the contents of free amino acids. Muscle protein solubility slightly increased depending upon the increase of the dose. The decrease of shear force by gamma irradiation was observed. Therefore, it is considered that meat quality can be improved by gamma irradiation.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.451-456
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• 2007

The vitamin C content in extruded comstarch matrix was shown to depend on extrusion process variables (barrel temperature and water content), the packaging method, and the storage period. In addition, loss rates of vitamin C under different processing conditions were calculated. Extrusion process variable were barrel temperature ($80^{\circ}C,\;90^{\circ}C,\;100^{\circ}C$ and $110^{\circ}C$), and water content (25% 30% both w/w). The vitamin C content decreased as barrel temperature increased from $80^{\circ}C$ to $110^{\circ}C$ and water content increased from 25% to 30% when either LDPE plastic film packaging or ON film vacuum packaging were employed. As barrel temperature and water content increased, vitamin C decreased in comstarch packed in either LDPE film or ON film. As temperature increased, vitamin C loss rate increased under both packaging conditions, but the loss tate was only 50% of the LDPE film packaging rate when ON film vacuum packaging was used. In conclusion, the higher the temperature, and the greater the water content, the less vitamin C was inactivated during extrusion cooking, although the loss rah of vitamin C became faster as temperature and water content rose. In conclusion, extrusion process could be applied for making vitamin C matrix to extend vitamin C preservation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.163.1-163
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• 2003

식품의 건조는 저장성을 향상시키고 수송을 간편하게 하나 특별한 경우는 건조과정에서 일어나는 성분변화에 의해 풍미, 색깔, 조직 등이 향성되게 하는 경우도 있다. 그러나 일반적으로 건조에 의해 풍미의 저하, 색깔의 퇴조, 영양성분의 손실 및 조직과 형태의 손상 등 품질을 저하시키므로 가능한 저온에서 단시간에 수분을 제거해야 한다. 건조식품의 저장성은 수분활성도, 제품의 종류, 저장온도등 다양한 요인들에 영향을 받으며, 특히 수분 활성도에 따라 비효소 갈색화 반응, 지방의 산패, 미생물의 발생정도가 달라진다. 따라서 건조식품 저장시 변질을 방지하기 위해서는 식품의 수분함량을 측정할 수 있는 등온흡습곡선을 작성하는 것이 중요하다. 또한 식품의 단분자층 수분함량을 결정하고, 흡습에 필요한 에너지를 구함으로서 건조식품의 저장조건 및 포장조건의 선택시 유용한 자료가 된다. 특히 식품분말의 흡습특성은 분말입자의 크기, 형태, 화학성분 등과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 위의 사실로 미루어 볼 때 본 연구에서는 시판 유통되고 있는 두부를 진공동결 시킴으로써 위생화와 장기저장 가능성을 연구하면서 진공동결 건조 후 시료의 수분활성, 재수화 및 일반성분 변화를 검토하고자 한다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.134-140
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• 1992

사일리지의 사양가치에 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 요인은 사초의 종류에 기인되는 화학조성분이며 사일리지를 적기에 제조하므로 단위면적당 최고의 양분수량을 거둘 수 있다. 유기산의 생성량이 많고 낙산이나 암모니아태질소의 함량이 많으면 사일리지의 품질이 떨어지고 섭취량이 감소되므로 사일리지 품질 증진을 위한 연구방향은 발효를 감소시키고 단백질의 분해를 막는 것이다. 사일리지의 발효에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인으로는 사초의 화학조성분인 수분, 수용성탄수화물 등과 제조기술에 크게 좌우되는 공기(산소)혼입량이다. 재료의 수분함량은 사일리지 발효품질에 큰 영향을 미치며 수분이 많은 재료는 적당히 예건되면 젖산발효는 덜 제한되는 반면 불필요한 발효가 줄어들고 낙산발효를 억제할 수 있어 품질이 향상되고 기호성이 증진된다. 또한 사초를 알맞은 길이로 절단하므로 답압이 잘되어 공기 배출이 양호해 혐기상태의 유지가 가능하게 되고 사일리지의 취급또한 편리해 진다. 사일리지 첨가제는 재료를 적절히 예건하지 못할 때 필요하고 또한 특별한 조건하에서는 권장되고 있다. 이와같이 사일리지 발효에 도움을 준다는 가능성에도 불구하고 첨가제의 잇점은 양질 사일리지 제조를 위한 제반 처리를 대신할 수 없다. 양건 건초제조에 소요되는 기간은 기후에 크게 영향을 받게 된다. 건초제조 과정 중 포장에서 생기는 건물손실은 외기에 오랫동안 노출되면 잎이나 연한 줄기 부분이 부서지고 카로틴이 파괴된다. 또한 말리는 과정에 비를 맞힐 경우 양분이 용해되어 소화되기 쉬운 영양소와 건물 손실이 증가되며 섬유소함량이 증가되어 소화율과 섭취량이 감소된다. 그러므로 일기 예보에 따라 좋은 날씨가 $3\sim4$일 계속되는 시기를 택하여 적기 수확하고, 줄기의 압쇄(condition), 건조시 풀의 두께를 얇게, 뒤집기, 적절한 수분함량일 때 거둬들이는 조치가 필요하다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.112-115
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• 2010

In this study, the antibacterial activity and the moisturizing effect of cream contaning Persicaria hydropiper L. extract were investigated by clinical trial. MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction from Persicaria hydropiper on P.acnes, S.aureus, P.ovale were 0.13~0.25%. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was higher than or equal to the methyl paraben and quercetin. The cream containing the ethyl acetate fraction of Persicaria hydropiper L. extracts was formulated for skin hydration effect. Also, the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and the water contents in skin were measured. The cream containing Persicaria hydropiper L. extract was applied to the right lower arm. After 180 min, TEWL of parts was decreased as $6.5\;g/m^2h$ (experimental cream) and $7.5\;g/m^2h$ (placebo cream) respectively. And the water contents in skin were increased by 2~4% than the placebo cream. These results indicate that extract/fractions of Persicaria hydropiper L. can function as high potential as bactericide against the skin pathogenic bacteria and the increase of skin hydration of the cream containing extract could be applicable to new functional cosmetics for antiaging.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2008

Moisture damage of asphalt mixtures can occur because of a loss of bond between the asphalt binder and the fine and coarse aggregates. Therefore, moisture damage on asphalt pavements is the main cause of potholes, which is one of the main distress type of asphalt pavement. The purpose of this study is to evaluation effect moisture damage on material properties of asphalt mixtures through the laboratory performance test. The existing Modified Lottman test procedure was improved and the number of times that thermal cyclic conditioning can be added until the asphalt mixtures is damaged, was tested in order to exhibit the changes of the material properties because of moisture damage by immersion. Through the above experiments, it was found that the material properties of asphalt mixtures on room-temperature were rapidly decreased with loss of about 50% at initial stage of moisture damage caused by the amount of repeated immersion. Also, it was found that the property damage ratio using material properties of failure energy and $DCSE_f$ by test temperature $25^{\circ}C$ were showed a high relationship to moisture damage of the asphalt mixtures caused by the amount of repeated immersion.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.571-575
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• 2018

The moisture content of a coffee bean affects its permittivity, and changing the moisture content of a coffee bean changes the taste of the coffee. The variation in the moisture content of a coffee bean can be predicted by the change in frequency and reflection coefficient values with respect to the variation in the permittivity of the bean when it is placed on a patch antenna. In this study, a dual-band patch antenna is designed, which has a moisture measurement band of 3.8~4 GHz that can measure the moisture level of a material; the antenna has a Wi-Fi transmit and receive band of 2.45 GHz. Through simulations and measurements, this study proved that the level of return losses changed from 3.6 to 4 GHz when the moisture content of a coffee bean changed from 2 to 15%. The moisture levels of rice and other beans can be measured with the designed antenna, which can be applied to various applications.

• 농업기술회보
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.18-19
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• 2015

배추의 수분함량은 약 95%이며 작물의 생장에는 수분이 필수적이다. 토양수분이 부족하게 되면 생장이 매우 지연되며 관수 후에도 회복되는데 1주일 이상 시간이 걸린다. 그에 따라 재배기간이 길어지므로 농자재비나 노동력이 증가되고 예상수확기에 수확을 못하게 되므로 경제적인 손실이 이어진다. 또한 심각한 가뭄 시에 적절하게 관리하지 못하면 칼슘결핍증이 대거 발생할 수도 있다. 따라서 빈번한 가뭄에 대비하여 고랭지배추의 안정생산을 위해서는 앞으로 고랭지배추 재배지역에서도 관수장비 준비와 적극적인 물관리 대책이 필수적이다.