• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.721-730
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• 2021

Maritime air pollutants around port cities have gained a great deal of attention due to their direct impacts on regional air quality. This study aims to determine the geographical properties of sea/land breezes in different areas to discover overall ranges of maritime emission dispersion. The HOTMAC-RAPTAD modeling program was used to simulate regional-scale air dispersion considering non-linear and unsteady states during the general summer period for the target areas of the Yellow Sea (Incheon Port and Pyeongtaek·Dangjin Ports), archipelago region (Mokpo Port), South and East Sea (Busan and Masan Ports) and East Sea with mountainous area (Donghae·Mukho Ports). The resulting dispersion lengths of vessel emissions into the onshore regions around the target ports shed light on portal air quality management, because vessel emissions from the Incheon, Mokpo, Busan, and Donghae·Mukho ports were transported 27-31km (Western Seoul), 21-24km (Southern Muan), 20-26km (Gimhae and Yangsan), and 22-25km (Taebeak Mountains), respectively. Therefore, the results of this study provide useful data for regional air quality management and marine air pollution mitigation to improve the sustainability of port cities.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.24-32
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• 2021

Personal Air Vehicle (PAV), Cargo UAS (Cargo UAS), and existing manned and unmanned aircraft are key vehicles for urban air mobility (UAM), and should demonstrate compatibility for the design of aircraft systems. The safety assessment required by for certification to ensure safety and reliability should be systematically performed throughout the entire cycle from the beginning of the aircraft development process. However, with the increasing complexity of safety critical aviation systems and the application of state-of-the-art systems, conventional experience-based and procedural-based safety evaluation methods make ir difficult to objectively assess safety requirements and system safety. Therefore, Model-Based Safety Assessment (MBSA) using modeling and simulation techniques is actively being studied at domestic and foreign countries to address these problems. In this paper, we propose a Model-Based Safety Evaluation framework utilizing modeling and simulation-based integrated flight simulators. Our case studies on the Traffic Collision Availability System (TCAS) and Wheel Brake System (WBS) confirmed that they are practical for future safety assessments.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.509-522
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• 2021

In many countries, including Korea, it has been challenging to understand flood-related social dynamics due to urbanization and climate change. In this regard, socio-hydrology has been proposed to consider the interaction between hydrologic systems, land-use change, and human activities. However, there is a general lack of understanding of the interactions of socio-hydrologicsystems. This study examines the interactions between human activities and hydrologic systems from a sociological perspective using a dynamic system model. In other words, this study aims to present a conceptualization model that considers the mutual interaction of flood and community from a socio-hydrologic perspective. Depending on the construction cost of the levee for the Yangjae River, this study considered three scenarios to simulate the interaction of socio-hydrologic systems. Socio-hydrologic interactions can effectively reproduce the changes in the Yangjae River. Moreover, It is expected that the proposed model can be further used to understand possible hydrologic changes and interaction with social systems in the future as a decision-making tool in water resources management.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.183-194
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• 2021

In this study, the conversion factor for 2020 is estimated based on an outpatient and inpatient conversion factor separation model developed from SGR and AR by using actual medical expense data. In addition, a policy plan is proposed to calculate the values of single and multiple conversion factors for each type of medical expense, and to effectively use the conversion factor separation model as one of the means to establish a medical delivery system. The major results are as follows. First, at r=0.1, the rate of adjustment in the hospital single conversion index in 2020 was 2.0%, and the outpatient and hospitalization conversion rates for hospitals were 2.2% and 2.3%, respectively. In addition, a combination of outpatient and inpatient conversion factors can be used for the adjustment. Second, as a measure to establish a medical delivery system, instead of adjusting the addition rate, a method of interlocking the addition rate and the conversion factor is proposed. Third, it is necessary to develop a model that enables target management of volumes, in addition to the outpatient conversion factor, the inpatient conversion factor, and the adjustment coefficient.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.41-59
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• 2018

After global financial crisis, policy makers in major countries tried to find a new bank recovery and resolution policy. The new policy intends to normalize the market not by bail-out approach in which public funds should be provided bankrupt banks, but by market discipline approach in which unsecured creditors take part in liquidation process. Bail-in system is a new and dominant financial policy after crisis period in resolution regimes led by the government administration. This study tries to analyze the relationship between bail-in system and pro-cyclicality. Empirical analysis has been done by taking the basis of the 8 year data from 2008 to 2015, which is selected from financial statistics information system of Korea Financial Supervisory Service. Accounting and financial data are collected from the dataguide 5.0 between 2008 and 2015. Through the analysis, the effect of bail-out system and bail-in system on pro-cyclicality of total loans did not show the statistically significant relationship. However the effect of bail-out system on pro-cyclicality of SME loans showed the statistically significant relationship, meanwhile the effect of bail-in system on pro-cyclicality of SME loans did not show the statistically significant relationship. In conclusion, bail-in system can be useful policy which improves the support and promotion of SMEs.

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.53-62
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• 2018

When the contractor does not receive payment for his work due to the client's funding default, he can take various legal measures against the client, in addition to refusing to transfer the building under construction to the client. To claim top payment priority and to demand the equal enforcement of the law by applying for compulsory auction or auction by exercising the right of lien, the contractor should know the construction phase or the point in time when he could exercise a lien or apply for a forced auction of the unregistered building. This study was conducted to examine qualification for lien and auction of an unregistered building. First, the general criteria for qualification for lien from qualification for ownership were examined. This means that an unregistered building can be subject to lien from a certain point in time in the construction phase, where the ownership is qualified as an independent real estate with minimal pillars, roofs, and walls. Second, the contents of the narrow and broad auction qualification were analyzed. As the contractor can select the appropriate legal means to reimburse the construction cost for the unregistered building, the results of this study are expected to provide the bases for qualification for lien on and auction of unregistered buildings.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1077-1100
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• 2018

The present study analyzed the effect of firms' external research and development (R&D) on corporate productivity, while investigating the moderating effect of firm size on the external R&D-productivity nexus. In the empirical analysis, we estimated South Korean manufacturing firms' total factor productivity (TFP) using the firm level data drawn from the Survey of Business Activities (Korea National Statistical Office) for the years 2006-2015. Thereafter, focusing on the role of external R&D and its interaction with the firm size in determining firms' TFP, the productivity function was estimated as well. To this end, we used ordinary least squares (OLS) and quantile regression to highlight the heterogeneous impacts of external R&D by companies' productivity level. Empirical results confirmed that firms' external R&D significantly enhanced corporate productivity in all manufacturing industries, from high-tech to low-tech. The moderating effect of firm size in determining the productivity effect of external R&D was not as prominent as in the case for internal R&D, which exhibited some degree of the size premium in the productivity-enhancing effect. These results suggest that regardless of the firm size, external R&D can be an important channel for corporate productivity improvement, and can be a particularly effective strategy for SMEs with relatively limited internal R&D capacities.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.28-49
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• 2019

This paper explores the characteristics of innovation activities in high growth firms that contribute to national and regional economic growth and job creation. The analysis is based on the 2016 KIS data to analyze the difference in innovation activities between high growth firms and general firms. The main results are as follows: First, high growth firms have a higher proportion of R&D personnel than general firms. Second, high growth firms are actively introducing product innovation, process innovation, and organizational innovation as compared to general firms. In the innovation activities related to product innovation and process innovation, there is no statistically significant difference between high growth companies and general companies except for external R&D. Third, High growth firms are more likely to cooperate with other technology partners than general firms. But, there is no statistically significant difference between high growth firms and general firms in the external knowledge search and the diversity of cooperating partners. Fourth, in terms of protecting innovation, high growth firms are more likely to use all kinds of innovation protection method, such as 'utilizing intellectual property rights', 'maintaining confidentiality', 'adopting complex design methods', 'market preemption ahead of competitors', and the most important means is the intellectual property rights. Fifth, government innovation policies that high growth firms chose as important are 'innovation subsidies and loans', 'acquirement, utilization and protection of intellectual property rights' and 'human resource support'.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.118-129
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• 2018

In AI chatbot service via a messenger, a profile image of the chatbot is the first thing that users see to communicate with the chatbot. This profile image not only manages an impression about the profile owner in SNS on followers, but also makes an important impression about chatbot services on users. Thus motivated, this study investigates proper profile images tailored for the types of chatbot services and users. Specifically, I reviewed the preferred images and expressions of chatbots for each purpose of chatbot service. Then, in a case study, I collected and analyzed the representative chatbot profile images for the purpose of fun and counseling. The profile images are categorized as robot, human, animal, and abstract images. Based on these categories, I surveyed the preferred profile image of the chatbot service in either the text type or image type alternatives. For the purpose of fun, in the text version, I found that both men and women preferred a human image to others. However, in the image version, men preferred woman and robot images while women preferred cute animation character and robot images. For counseling services, both men and women preferred woman and animal images most, which is similar to the results of the text version of questionnaires as well. While both genders consistently preferred real photo images, women tend to like abstract images more than men do. I expect that the results of this study would be useful to develop the proper profile images of AI chatbot for each service purpose.

• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.29-62
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find out the main operational scheme of the "financial planning" and "the trust" for people with developmental disabilities as a means of property protecting and managing for them. The results are as follows; Regarding to "Financial planning", it is necessary to establish a measure to meet the financial needs for people with developmental disabilities in future plan; Issues to be taken care of in the point of financial planning include plan for the maintenance and use of property for their independent life; and public and private resources and support for the disabled. Obstacles are lack of national awareness of the financial planning for the disabled. In relation to the contents of the "trust" of people with developmental disabilities, the principles of operation are assuring universality, publicness, stability, self-decision making, and individuality; operating system is a mixture of public and private; subjects of target are people with developmental disabilities with no parents or caring family as well as income. The required support is a supervisory system for the secure management of asset to entrusted institutions; the decision support system for people with developmental disabilities; maintaining the qualification of government receipt of public assistance for those who do not redeem up to a certain amount of personal property utilizing the trust system.