• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.15-27
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• 2021

In this study, the effect of design factors in a pump station on the pressure variations which are the main cause of water hammering has been investigated by numerical simulations. As design factors, the flow rate, Young's modulus, diameter, thickness, roughness coefficient of pipeline are considered. The relationships between the pressure variations and the design factors are analyzed. The results show that the pressure variation increases sensitively with the flow rate and Young's modulus, and increases gradually with the thickness and roughness coefficient of pipe, whereas it decreases with the pipe diameter. The wavelength of the pressure wave becomes longer for a smaller Young's modulus, a smaller pipe thickness and a bigger pipe diameter. These relationships are nondimensionalized, and logarithmic curve-fitted functions are proposed by regression analysis. Most effective factors on the nondimensional pressure variation is Young's modulus. Flow rate, roughness coefficient, relative thickness and pipe diameters are the next impact factors.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.19-24
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• 2009

This paper is performed to find out the stability of water-hammer in pipe line and pump station that is happened when additional water needs demanded. At first, the water supply construction project is planned to supply $6,000\;m^3/day$ through 17.9 km pipe line. But additional demand ($1,200\;m^3/day$) happened from Cheong-ra water reservoir. In this situation, air-chamber($4\;m^3$) and vacuum breaker valve(${\varphi}100\;mm$) are needed to prevent water-hammer. When the additional water is supplied, the existing facilities (air-chamber, vacuum breaker valve) are sufficient to alleviate shock not changing capacity alteration, judging from the airspace change and rise. Therefore, there is no problem for water-hammer by installing air-chamber($4\;m^3$) and vacuum breaker valve(${\varphi}100\;mm$) at the top of Yeo-ju hill.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.8 no.5 s.32
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• pp.22-28
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• 2005

As the water supply facilities are recently getting larger, the domestic waterworks become multi-regional water supply system. Large water supply facilities generally consist of the intake pumping station, water treatment plant and water supply/distribution facilities. Although the pumping stations and the pipeline systems are used to pump up water, it often happens pipeline damage and flooding accident by the water hammer. In this paper, the intake pumping station is guaranteed by both the computer simulation and the field test analysis. This study is contributed to the safe operation program for the pumping station in which results of the adjustment on the safety plan of the pumping station, the air valve and the valve closing time.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.12a
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• pp.199-207
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• 2004

Water supply facilities are recently getting larger according as domestic waterworks become multi regional water supply system. Large water supply facilities generally consist of the intake pumping station, water treatment station and water supply & distribution facilities. Although pumping stations and pipeline systems are used to pump up water, it often happens pipeline damage and flooding accident by the water hammer. As a result of this study, a pumping station is guaranteed by the computer simulation and field test analysis. Therefore these are contributed safety operation in pumping station through adjustment of the pumping station safety plan, air valve and valve closing time.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.92-99
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• 1998

Unsteady flow problems created by hydraulic transients in pipeline systems with pump are of significant importance because they can cause excessive pressure, cavitation, vibration and noise. In this paper, an analysis of transient flow for the pump pipelines is developed by means of the characteristic method. The calculated results of the program to simulate water hammer due to sudden valve closure in a simple pipeline are compared with those of the analytical method. Expecially the water hammer due to power failure in pump pipeline system with surge tank was simulated. As the results, both the upsurge and the downsurge along the pipeline are reduced.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.70-76
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• 2012

Recently, because people are taking a great interest in the water supply system and the related facilities are getting larger, the surge suppression is very important problem. The waterhammer occurs when the pumps are started or stoped for operation or tripped due to the power failure. As the waterhammer problems as a result of the pump power failure were very serious, these situations were carefully investigated. Accordingly, we carried out both numerical simulations and field tests to confirm the safety of Juam intake pumping station in which had the in-line pumps. In this paper, it was reviewed that the water supply system has the reliability on the pressure surge, in case the air chambers were installed at both the inlet and the oulet of the in-line pumping station. From the numerical simulations, we found that negative pressure occurred at the inlet disappeared and high pressure occurred at the outlet reduced due to the air chambers. And these results of numerical simulations verified by the field tests. The field tests carried out in case of normal start, normal stop, one and two of pumps emergency stop. By results of simulations and field tests, we are sure that Juam intake pumping station in which have the air chambers is safe for the waterhammer. In addition, we suggested the operation methods of facilities for safe maintenance of the pumping station.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.287-291
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 두 지역의 실제 상수관망에 대해서 부정류해석을 수행하였고 각각의 상수관망에 필요한 부정류피해 최소화방안을 제시하였다. 첫 번째 대상지역은 베트남 호치민으로 148개 절점과 162개의 파이프로 이루어진 소블럭 상수관망이며 두 번째 대상지역은 파주시 광탄면으로 512개 절점과 527개의 파이프로 이루어진 세 개의 소블럭 상수관망이다. 두지역의 상수관망은 지형적면이나 규모면에서 다른 모습을 하고 있기 때문에 부정류해석 시 발생가능한 피해유형이 틀린 것으로 나타났다. 호치민의 경우 배수지의 높이가 낮고 도시 내 표고차가 없어서 관망 내 평균수압이 $1kg/cm^2$을 약간 상회하는 수준으로 수압이 낮고 수압차 역시 작다. 따라서 상수관망에서 일어날 수 있는 소요수량의 변화나 소화전 사용과 같은 작은 변화에도 역류발생이 빈번히 일어나는 것으로 나타났으며 역류발생이 잦은 파이프를 선정할 수 있었다. 상당히 많은 파이프에서 단기간 역류가 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 짧은 기간에 발생하는 변화에 대한 단기간 역류는 교차연결(Cross-Connection)의 문제를 야기할 수 있다. 따라서 역류발생이 빈번히 일어나는 파이프 주위에 check valve나 역지밸브등의 설치를 통해 역류로 인한 피해를 최소화할 수 있다. 파주시 광탄면 지역의 소블럭 집합으로써 고저차가 많은 지역이다. 배수지 밸브개폐 시 발생 가능한 수충격에 대한 시뮬레이션과 펌프장정지로 인해 발생할 수 있는 수충격에 발생 시뮬레이션을 수행하였고 관망내에서 자주 발생하는 밸브개폐로 인한 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 그 결과 광탄의 경우 수충격 발생위험 지점은 배수지 근처로 나타났고 수격압이 최대 $2.5kg/cm^2$에서 $3.0kg/cm^2$까지 발생 가능한 것으로 나타났고 밸브개폐시간이 1-2초 지연되어도 상당히 큰 수격압을 줄일 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 수충격압이 크게 발생할 수 있는 지역에 수충격피해 최소화를 위해 surge tank와 같은 장치를 설치해야 한다. 또한 발생가능한 수격압의 크기를 통계적기법을 통해 확률밀도함수로 나타낼 수 있었다. 이 결과는 앞으로 상수관망의 설계나 운영에서 수충격피해 방지 장치 및 설비를 시공할 때 장치의 규모나 용량을 결정할 때 유용한 정보가 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.313-317
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• 2009

The orifice in the propellent feeding pipe line of a Liquid Rocket Engine(LRE) is used to balance the pressure of the pipe line. When a LRE starts up, pressure at the upstream of the orifice rapidly increases. In this case, pressure waves occuring by resistance of the orifice may induce low frequency instability in the pipe line. For this reason the study of dynamic characteristics of orifices is needed to prevent the instability. A pump is used to build up the pressure, and the pressure is measured upstream and downstream of the orifice when the orifice diameter is changed. With the increase of orifice diameter, water hammer decreases, but the effect of resistance downstream is increases.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 2002

The field tests on the waterhammer were carried out in the pump pipeline system with an air chamber. The effects of the input variables and the design parameters for the air chamber were investigated by both the numerical calculations and the experiments. Because the waterhammer problems as a result of the pump power failure were the most important, these situations were carefully studied. Among the input variables used in the waterhammer analysis, the polytropic exponent, the discharge coefficient and the wavespeed had influence on the simulated results in that order, and were calibrated in comparison with the experimental results. As the initial air volume in a vessel increased, the period of waterhammer increased and the pressure variation decreased, resulting from the reduction of the rate of pressure change in the air chamber. Using smaller orifice in the bypass pipe, the pressure rise was suppressed in some degree and the pressure surge was dissipated more rapidly as time passed. The simulations were in fairly good agreement with the measured values until 1∼2 periods of waterhammer. Not only the maximum and minimum pressures in the pipe1ine but also those occurring times were reasonably predicted. The computer program developed in this study will be useful in designing the optimum parameters of an air chamber for the real pump pipeline system.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.55-61
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• 2019

Motor pumps cannot be used in those areas where electricity is not accessible such as remote rural areas in many African countries. Hydraulic ram pump is one of the solutions for supplying water for irrigation or domestic uses. The hydraulic ram pumps are working based on the water hammer effect for pumping without external power or electricity. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of air chamber volume and operation parameters on the performance of the hydraulic ram pump which was assembled with common plumbing parts. The experimental results showed the volume of the air chamber did not affect the performance such as discharge rate and head. When drive heights were 1.7 and 2.35 m, the maximum discharge heads were up to 7 m and 10 m, respectively. When the air chamber volume was 1 L, discharge rates were 0.23 and 2.12 L/min under the drive heights of 1.7 and 2.35 m, respectively. The average energy efficiency of the hydraulic ram pump assembled in this study was about 60% for all the experimental conditions.