• Proceedings of the KHMA Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.187-213
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• 2012

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2014

This study explores the grandchild-rearing experience of grandmothers whose children are part of dual-earner couples. Twelve participants provided in-depth interview data that were analysed according to Spradely's ethnographic method. We present three main themes in our research, as well as ten smaller themes: (i) the grandchild-rearing motive (from the perspective of the adult, the child, the grandchild, and the grandmother); (ii) the mode of grandchild-rearing support (residential, total weight of childrearing support, availability of a daycare center); (iii) the change in the grandmother's way of life (positive changes and negative changes). Finally, this study examines the integrity of the grandmother's identity as their productivity increases through providing grandchild-rearing support. It also looks at the importance of governmental policies that support their burdens according to the level support they provide.

• 한국노년학
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1163-1180
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• 2012

The main purpose of this study is to figure out the spending tendency of elderly consumers for their grandchildren. To this end, a detailed survey was carried out for two months from October 1 to November 30, 2011. The respondents consist of 461 elderly consumers over 60s who have grandchildren in elementary grades. Among the gathered data, relevant information was sorted out, coded, and then turned into statistical figures through SPSS 18.0 program. The outcome of this research is explained in the following three respects. First of all, based upon factor and cluster analysis, the role of grandparents has been divided into three categories, which are a babysitter, a friend and a visitor. Depending on their role, the surveyed elderly have been split into three groups-'Friend Group', 'Formal Visitor Group', 'Attached Group'. Second, to give you an overview of the consumption trend of the three groups, this study has reviewed the expenditure items, spending amount and consumption patterns, and made a list of products and services they purchased for the past one year for their grandchildren. Third, given the probability of wealth transfer to the next generation, there is a compelling need to figure out the purchase pattern of financial products. The elderly have been categorized into those with bank deposits only and those with a mixture of bank deposits and other financial products (insurance, fund, stocks, gold, dollar etc.).

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2010

This study examined Korean immigrant elderly's generativity and care-giving experiences of their grandchildren according to their level of generativity. In-depth interview and participant observation method were used. First, this study used Loyola Generativity Scale in order to find Korean immigrant elderly's generativity level. 4 grandparents were selected as a group of low generativity level and 4 grandparents as high level. Grandparents with low generativity level showed non-voluntary care-giving, severe care-giving stress, guilty feeling for their adult children and shame for their ancestors, anxiety for the unstable future, lack of self-care, and lack of social assistance. Grandparents with high generativity level showed voluntary care-giving, positive reaction for the reversed parental care, feeling of usefulness for care-giving, hope for the future, existence of self-care, and existence of social assistance. Further discussion and suggestions were made from the study results.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.261-281
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the daily life of low-income grandparent-headed families and identify the effects of the Edu-Care program. To this end, the researcher conducted focus group interviews with ten grandparents and ten grandchildren who participated in the adjustment program, which was implemented for about five months. After participating in the program, the grandparents perceived that their skills for educating and raising children were improved and that they experienced psychological stability. Meanwhile, the grandchildren perceived that their learning competency and motivation for learning were enhanced and recognized why learning is necessary for their career. It was also found that the conditions and experiences needed for low-income grandparent-headed families are an integrative support program, a differentiated curriculum, and aid and care provided by human resources.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.111-138
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experiences of grandmothers and family in transition. Grandmothers in transition means grandmothers who had married children at least one even if there are no grandchildren yet. The data for this study came from 20 grandmothers in transition of 5 focus group(each 4 persons) interview. 9 of them was pre-grandmother without grandchildren yet, 11 was grandmother who had grandchildren. The result of this study revealed that the meaning of grandmotherhood. Dynamics of family in transition around supporting child care represent change of family relations. It didn't means 'empty-nest' model of foreign theory. The Absolute quantity of intergeneral exchange and conflict extended as three generational families.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.99-122
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine how providing care to grandchildren and the continuity of care affects the grandparents' perception on old-age support. Specifically, in this study, providing care is divided into three continuous types: did not provide care, provided care at one point in time and provided care at two points in time. This is done to investigate how the duration of providing care influences the perception on old-age support. The results show that grandparents providing care to their grandchildren prefer to reside with their own children in the future more often than those who do not provide care to their grandchildren. Furthermore, grandparents providing care to their grandchildren during two-time points and grandparents providing care during one-time point prefer to reside with their adult children in the future more than grandparents providing care not once during two-time points. Interestingly, grandparents who provide care to grandchildren during two-time points prefer to reside with their children in the future more frequently than grandparents providing care during just one-time point. These results suggest it is likely that grandparents recognize providing care to their grandchildren as an insurance in care and support for themselves in the future. Additionally, these results suggest that the family plays an efficient and flexible role to meet needs of family members through a reciprocal relationship in Korean society where the public sector is weak. These findings have suggested theoretical implications.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.1-24
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experiences of grandmothers who provide child care services to their grandchildren and employed mothers who utilize child care by grandmothers, with regards to their relationships while exchanging the specific type of intergenerational support. The data for this study came from 42 in-depth, individual interviews with 21 pairs of employed mothers who had at least one child younger than elementary-school age and their mothers or mothers-in-law who had provided child care on a daily basis for their grandchildren. Our phenomenological analysis revealed that the grandmothers felt uncomfortable and overwhelmed when caring for their grandchildren and that they considered this activity to be different from caring for their own children by nature. However, the grandmothers wanted to help their adult children based on their feeling of "boo-mo-ma-eum" (meaning parental heart, i.e., love or care). The employed mothers perceived that they were substantially dependent on the grandmothers by receiving help with child care and housework. Reliance on grandmothers was inevitable and beneficial to these mothers. Dynamic intergenerational living arrangements enabled the dependent relationships. The grandmothers set specific boundaries pertaining to current and future child care so that they would not take on too much responsibility for child care. The mothers used various strategies that contributed to stable child care support from the grandmothers. Providing financial remuneration was an important strategy that had symbolic relational meanings, such as expressing gratitude, rather than financial meanings.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.655-662
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• 2019

Based on phenomenological view a research utilizing qualitative methodology to understand about parenting difficulty and stress through an in-depth interview with grandmother in low-income grandparent-headed family was administrated. The results indicated that experience with parenting stress of grandmother in low-income grandparent-headed family lead to economic hardship, grandchildren who are a barrier of old-age, and desolate parenting. This article implicates that a basis to guide a direction and role of social welfare intervention to alleviate parenting stress of grandmother in grandparent-headed family and to improve a life quality emergent on the results could be provided. Several considerations on this finding shows as follows. First, with currently active support project re-monitored and re-checked, support program could be needed to enlarge. Second, support program development and social support to decrease parenting stress and depression of grandmother in grandparent-headed family could be necessary. With educational and cultural as well as mentoring program helpful for grandmother parenting designed, a support system to complement non-sufficient support network will be established together.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.441-458
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• 2009

The present study compared the differences in mechanisms of caregiving stress, depression, parenting behaviors, stress-coping, and social support between caregiving grandmothers and the caregiving mothers. Three caregiving groups were compared; One hundred and fifty-two grandmothers rearing their grandchild as daytime care-giver (partial caregiving-grandmother group), 152 mothers who shared the responsibilities of caregiving the same child (partial caregiving-mother group), and another 157 mothers who rear their child as daytime care-giver (primary caregiving-mother group). Predictors of parental stress for these caregiving groups were also assessed. The results indicated that partial caregiving-grandmother group had more depressed than two mother groups, but there were no differences in parental stress among three caregiving groups. In addition, primary caregiving-mothers used more problem-focused coping strategies, and more social support than did partial caregiving-grandmothers. In parental behaviors, partial caregiving-grandmothers significantly had more laxness, less overactive than two mother groups. In the analysis of hierarchical regression, overactivity and depression were significant predictors of parental stress in partial caregiving-grandmothers. On the other hand, depression, social support, and overactivity were significant predictors of parental stress in partial caregiving-mothers. In primary caregiving-mothers, overactivity, depression, and emotion-focused coping were significant predictors of parental stress. We discussed the differences of the predictors in parental stress between grandmothers and mothers.