• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.127-137
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• 2017

This study aims to identify the awareness and performance level of hospital infection control in medical technicians working in small and medium-sized hospitals. The experiment was conducted in 235 medical technicians (medical laboratory technologist, radiological technologist, and physical therapist), and for statistical processing, SPSS Ver.23.0 was used to conduct mean and standard deviation, analysis of variance, and regression analysis. As a result, it was found that the major cause of improper infection control was lack of experts ($3.17{\pm}1.18$) and performance level was statistically significantly lower than awareness of infection control. "I took no measures after infection accident" was responded the highest at 40.0%(94 persons), and in "I reported to the head of department after disinfection, examination, and/or vaccination," the standardized regression coefficient ${\beta}$ was -0.265, p=0.025, which suggested that there was a significant negative (-) impact. Infection control level showed a significant positive correlation with training and infection control instructions. Therefore, it was found that medical technicians in small and medium-sized hospitals required high skilled manpower in infection control, training, infection control instructions, etc. Through this study, more effective infection control is considered to be possible.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.20 no.3 s.57
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• pp.36-43
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• 2005

Prior to the study of the sewage treatment methods, water quality for Gwangju sewage of fluent was investigated from January to December, 2004 for sewage water reuse. Monthly mean values of BOD, SS, turbidity, total phosphorus and color were 4.1 mg/L, 2.9 mg/L, 0.8 NTU, 1.3 mg/L, and 27 unit, respectively. Jar-test was performed to investigate the removal efficiency of pollutants under the coagulation conditions of fast mixing for 5 min, slow mixing for 15 min and precipitation for 1hr. Here, alum and polyaluminium chloride (PAC) were used as coagulants to reduce color, turbidity, total phosphorus (TP) and total organic carbon (TOC) in sewage effluents. The results showed that PAC gave better efficiency in removing turbidity and dissolved phosphorus than alum. It was also found from the relative molecular weight (RMW) distribution analysis that organic matter over 1,000 Dalton (Da) was easily removed by coagulation and subsequently MF treatment, while it was not effective for less than 500 Da. Based on tis result, Natural organic matter (NOM) with lower molecular weight (< 500 Da) may cause harmful disinfectant by-product (DBP) after chlorine treatment. Thus, activated carbon adsorption seems to be required for the complete removal of DBP in the hybrid system.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1977

This study was made in order to determine which Gibberella species were occurring on rice stems and seeds in the field, and their survival 5 months after harvest time. An average 12% of plants infected with 'Bakanae' disease occurred in 4 fields planted with non-treated seed. Prior to harvest, more perithecia of Gibberella moniliformis occurred on infected rice stems than of Gibberella rosea. But Gibberella rosea was most common on the seed, and perithecia of this species also survived best until spring. F. moniliforme, F. roseum and Ophiobolus sp. were isolated from seedlings planted from naturally infected seed at the rates of 10, 25 and 8% respectively and from infected stems at rates of 3, 10 and 2% respectively. Perithecia of Gibberella rosea survived through the winter on naturally infected rice stems when kept dry indoors, buried in field soil, or places in straw stackes in the field. They did not survive on straw left on the soil surface during the very cold and dry conditions of the 1976-'77 winter.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.277-285
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• 2009

Forsythia fructus has been shown to have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor, antibacterial, antipyretic and anti-aging activities. This work was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the Korean traditional medicinal prescriptions containing Forsythia viridissima extract. The prescriptions containing Forsythia fructus were evaluated for antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on lipoxygenase activity and on LPS-induced NO and $PGE_2$ production. In human irritation test, they did not show any adverse effect. Based on these results, we suggest that the se prescriptions hold great promise for application as an anti-inflammatory agent for trouble skins such as atopic dermatitis and acne.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2005

With the appearance of pathogenic microorganisms, which were resistant to free chlorine, the significant attention to the necessity of powerful alternative disinfection methods such as ozone, chlorine dioxide, LTV irradiation to inactivating pathogens has been increased in water treatment. Among these alternative disinfection methods, ozone is well known as strong biocidal method and the usage of ozone is also increasing in Korea. However, in Korea, there has been no report on the quantitative study of Cryptosporidium parvum with ozone and its evaluation in advanced drinking water treatments. This study reports on the methodology for predicting the ozone inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum by ozone disinfection in advanced drinking water treatment. The method is based on the fact that a specific inactivation level of microorganisms is achieved at a unique value of ozone exposures, independent of ozone dose and type of water, and quantitatively described by a delayed Chick-Watson model. The required values ${\bar{C}}T$ for 2 log inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum was $6.0mg/L{\cdot}min$ and $15.5mg/L{\cdot}min$ at $20^{\circ}C$ and $5^{\circ}C$, respectively. From this obtained Cryptosporidium parvum inactivation curves and calculated ${\bar{C}}T$ values of advanced drinking water treatment water in Korea with FIA (Flow injection alaysis), we can predict that water treatment plant can achieve a 1.1~1.8 log inactivation and 0~0.4 log inactivation at $20^{\circ}C$ and $5^{\circ}C$, respectively. This methodology will be useful for drinking water treatment plants which intend to evaluate the disinfection efficiencies of their ozonation process without full scale test and direct experiments with Cryptosporidium parvum.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.327-336
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• 2002

Disinfection process in water treatment plants (WTPs) is one of the most important step in order to inactivate waterborne disease. However, what is the necessary disinfection in WTPs was not properly established in Korea. This study was conducted to evaluate disinfection performance in nationwide water treatment plants (n=474). Disinfection requirement based on the SWTR (Surface Water Treatment Rule) of the U.S. (1-log Giardia removal) was chosen in estimating the compliance. The scope of unit process for evaluating disinfection performance includes postdisinfection process in clearwells, pipeline, and storage tank. The worst water quality condition in individual WTPs was applied for the disinfection performance evaluation. The major results are as follows. First, it was appeared that 184 WTPs (39 %) provided insufficient disinfection performance. Disinfection performance was significantly improved during past 2 years. The ratio of the number of WTPs providing insufficient disinfection performance in 1999 and 2001 was 78 % and 41 %, respectively. One of major factors for this improvement was due to the improvement of $T_{10}/T$ value in clearwell, as a result of modification of clearwell facility. Second, if disinfection criteria is 3-log Giardia inactivation at worst water quality condition, then 19 % of all WTPs can not meet this disinfection criteria. And if disinfection criteria is strengthened to 4-log Giardia inactivation, then 58 % of all WTPs can not meet this disinfection criteria. Since disinfection criteria is decided by contamination level of Giardia in source water, it also needs the investigation of Giardia occurrence in source water.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2015

This study examined the disinfection in combined sewer overflows (CSOs) by pulsed ultraviolet (PUV). The reflectors (stainless steel. mirror, aluminium foil, aluminium (1050), aluminium (6061), aluminium (5052), and aluminium mirror) of PUV irradiation was performed in a 90 L stainless reactor at a constant temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ and an applied power of 4000 W. The reflection efficiency of reflectors were showed 1.00 (aluminium mirror) ~ 1.48 (aluminium foil) does. The case of a rough surface analysis using SEM showed high reflectance, was the case of a smooth surface and a low reflectivity. Pseudo first-order rate constant calculated results, has a higher reflectivity values were more than twice as high compared to the low reflectivity. Affected Total coliforms disinfection time, depending on the type of reflector is considered.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.7
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• pp.77-81
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• 1969

The effects of submerged method. Zentmyer's drench method. pot test and field test with materials such as Carbamisol (ammonium methyldithiocarbamic acid $30\%$), NCS (ammonium N-methyldithiocarbamate$50\%$, Similuton(ethyl phenethynylmeroury $3.3\%$), Soill(N-ethylmercuric p-toluensulfonanilide $4\%$, Captan (N-trichloromethylthio-1, 2, 3, 6-tetra-hydrophthalimide $80\%$), Difolatan(N-tetrachloroet-hylthio 4cyelohexeno-1,2-dicarboximide $80\%$, Grand(2, 3-dibromepropionitryl $20\%$, trichloronitroethylene $20\%$) and Calcium hydroxide upon occurrence of Fusarium wilt of cucumber were studied. The results are summarized as follows. 1. According to submerged method, all the compounds tested were highly inhibitory to mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. cucumerinum except calcium hydroxide. But several compounds were no inhibitory to the causal fungus except Grand and Similuton, with Zentmyer's drench method. 2. Grand was the most effective fungicide for the control of cocumber Fusarium wilt in the pot test, and followed by Similuton and calcium hydroxide. The population of Fusarium oxysporm was markedly reduced when soil was treat with Grand compared with other chemicals. 3. Fungicidal effects upon occurrence of Fusarium wilt of cucumber under the field experiment varied with the fungicides. Of the fungicides tested. Grand gave the best control, and followed by Difolatan.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.563-568
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• 2015

Natural Organic Matter (NOM) is a precursor of disinfection by products. Recently, with the increase in NOM concentration caused by a large amount of algae, the creation of disinfection by-products is becoming a big issue. Therefore, in this study, PAC+Membrane+F/A hybrid process was organized to control disinfection by-products in small-scale water treatment plants. The optimal dosage of PAC was set at 20 mg/L through Lab. scale test. Also, it is judged that NOM concentration must be less than 1.0 mg/L to meet the recommended criteria of drinking water quality monitoring items of disinfection by-products during chlorination. The existing conventional water treatment process was compared to the independent F/A process and the PAC+Membrane+F/A hybrid process through pilot plant operation, and the result showed that there is a need to apply an advanced water treatment process to remove not only NOMs but also Geosmin caused by algae. Accordingly, it is considered that applying the PAC+Membrane+F/A process will help in controling a clogged filter caused by a large amount of algae and disinfection by-products created by chlorination and can be used as an advanced water treatment process to meet the recommended criteria of drinking water quality monitoring items.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2005

This study was carried out to identify bacterial strains adhered to human scalp hair and to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of them. A total of 39 isolates were obtained from patients in intensive care units and healthy persons. The most common species isolated was Staphylococcus epidermidis (19 isolates), followed by S. aureus (14 isolates), S. waneri (5 isolates), and S. pasteuri (1 isolate). The susceptibility of isolates to amikacin, ampicillin, bacitracin, carbenicillin, cefazolin, cefoperazone, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, methicillin, nalidixic acid, neomycin, oxacillin, penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and vancomycin was determined by the disk diffusion method. All of the antibiotic resistant isolates were obtained from patient scalp hair. To examine the effect of conventional shampoo and detergent SDS on removing of bacteria from hair, we treated hair with culture solution of S. aureus. The bacteria attached to hair were not removed even by repeated washing with detergents. These results suggested that hair could be a source of bacterial contamination in hospital.