• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.105-113
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• 2014

주치의에게는 암환자의 암 전이 여부가 초미의 관심사다. 암환자의 10명 중 9명이 전이암으로 사망하기 때문이다. 암의 전이 초기에 그 전이 여부를 방사선 진단법으로 가능하지 않다. 혈액을 채취하여 암의 전이 유무를 진단 하는 기술이 개발되고 있다. 이 혈중 암세포는 혈구세포 10억개당 1~100개 정도의 극히 미량이 존재하여 암세포 분리기술이 특별히 잘 개발되어야 한다. 최근 마이크로바이오칩 형태의 분리기술이 큰 기술적 진화를 보이고 있어 본고에 소개하고자 한다. 이 기술은 한 가지 큰 의미를 갖는다. 그것은 암환자의 암 전이 모니터링에 필요한 도구가 될 수 있기 때문이다. 전이암세포 검출 키트로 전이암세포를 계수 하여 환자에게 투약한 항암제가 적합한지에 대한 답을 의사는 얻을 수 있다. 전이암세포 진단용 마이크로바이오칩 기술이 기존의 영상진단법만큼 중요한 임상 수단이 될 것으로 전망된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.302-305
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• 2006

In this work, we attempted the application of cell-free protein synthesis technology for the rapid generation of truncated enzymes. Truncated DNAs of a transaminase were PCR-amplified and directly expressed in cell-free protein synthesis reactions. Variants of the transaminase were rapidly prepared and analyzed for their enzymatic activity. Described method that combines the PCR and cell-free protein synthesis technologies will offer a versatile platform for the rapid generation of optimally modified protein species.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.22-25
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• 1990

1970년대의 유전자재조합 및 세포융합 기술개발에 의하여 insulin, interferon 등의 많은 의약품이 개발되고 있으며, 최근에는 아미노산, 효소 등 정밀 화학 제품의 개발, 석유화학 대체공정의 개발, 환경 보존에의 응용, 대체에너지의 개발등을 목표로 많은 연구가 수행되고 있어 생물공학의 분야가 계속 영역을 넓혀가고 있다. 실험실에서 개발한 생물공학의 연구결과를 실용화하기 위하여는 경제성있는 생물 공정기술이 뒷받침되어야 하는데 이러한 생물공정 기술 중에서 핵심이 되는 부분의 하나가 생물반응기 기술이라고 하겠다. 우수한 생물반응기를 설계하고 경제적으로 운전하기 위해서는 공정연구및 개발단계에서 최적화 및 제어에 대한 개념을 포함시켜야하며, 실제 조업을 하는 경우에도 제품 품질의 균일성, 에너지 및 자원의 절약, 운전실수의 방지및 안전을 목적으로 조업조건을 최적화하고 제어하여야한다. 또한 접종상태 및 생물반응 조건의 사소한 차이에도 원하는 제품의 생합성이 다륵 변화하므로 생물공정을 monitoring하여 사소한 변화라도 공정의 최적화및 제어전략에 반영되도록 하여야 한다. 본고에서는 생물반응기의 최적화 및 제어기술에 대하여 몇가지 예를 들어 그 필요성과 최근의 연구동향을 간단히 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.138-149
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• 1979

For the preliminary study on tobacco cell fusion as one of new breeding techniques, the conditions that would be most effective in isolation, fusion, and culture of tobacco protoplasts were examined ; 1. The enzyme solution of 0.5% macerozyme and 2% cellulase( or meicellase) was the most economic and efficient in isolating protoplasts from tobacco leaves. 2. The proper incubation period of tobacco leaves in cell wall digesting solution was 4 hours. 3. As an osmotic stabilizer, sorbitol or mannitol solutions were employed. The concentration of 0.5~0.7 M of either hexitol gave satisfying results as the osmotic stabilizer. 4. The calcium concentration appeared to be an important factor in protoplast fusion. The adhesion of protoplasts was enhanced by enrichment of calcium ion in PEG solution. The highest frequency of protoplast fusion was obtained when tobacco protoplasts were incubated in PEG solution. containing 9mM CaCl2. 5. Cell divisions of the isolated protoplasts were continued and have generated colonies when they were grown on B-5 medium at 28$^{\circ}C$.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.20 no.5 s.95
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• pp.93-104
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• 2005

현재 우리나라에서 가장 주목받고 있는 분야가 IT와 BT일 것이다. IT는 워낙 언론매체에 많이 노출되어 어떤 것을 말하고 어떤 분야가 있다는 것을 많은 사람들이 잘 알고 있는 실정이나, BT 관련해서는 단순히 시험관을 연상하는 사람이나 줄기세포 연구 정도로 알고 있는 사람들이 많을 것이다. 현재의 BT 분야는 예전의 소규모 실험을 벗어나 대규모의 실험 수행이 가능한 시스템이 구축되었는데, 이러한 대규모 실험 결과를 분석하기 위한 정보학적인 방법의 도입이 필수적인 시대가 되었다. 그래서, 이런 접근방법을 통상 IT와 BT의 융합기술이다라고 이야기한다. 바이오 정보 기술이란 이런 대규모의 생물학적 데이터를 시스템적으로 분석하여 정보를 추출하는 제반 기술이라고 이야기 할 수 있다. 일반적으로 많이 알려진 용어로는 생물정보학(바이오인포매틱스)혹은 계산생물학이 있다. 더 넓은 의미에서 이야기 할 때는 이러한 정보 추출을 위한 분석 과정뿐만 아니라, 생물학 관련 데이터베이스 구축 및 서비스 부분도 포함해서 이야기하고 있다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 2024

RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) is a technique used for providing global patterns of transcriptomes in samples. However, it can only provide the average gene expression across cells and does not address the heterogeneity within the samples. The advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology have revolutionized our understanding of heterogeneity and the dynamics of gene expression at the single-cell level. For example, scRNA-seq allows us to identify the cell types in complex tissues, which can provide information regarding the alteration of the cell population by perturbations, such as genetic modification. Since its initial introduction, scRNA-seq has rapidly become popular, leading to the development of a huge number of bioinformatic tools. However, the analysis of the big dataset generated from scRNA-seq requires a general understanding of the preprocessing of the dataset and a variety of analytical techniques. Here, we present an overview of the workflow involved in analyzing the scRNA-seq dataset. First, we describe the preprocessing of the dataset, including quality control, normalization, and dimensionality reduction. Then, we introduce the downstream analysis provided with the most commonly used computational packages. This review aims to provide a workflow guideline for new researchers interested in this field.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.100-121
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• 2017

The sexual reproduction of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas is reviewed for a comprehensive understanding of the complex processes. The sexual life cycle of C. reinhardtii is distinguished into five main stages: gametogenesis, gamete activation, cell fusion, zygote maturation, and meiosis and germination. Gametogenesis is induced by nitrogen starvation in the environment. C. reinhardtii has two mating types: mating type plus ($mt^+$) and mating type minus ($mt^-$), controlled by a single complex mating type locus ($MT^+$ or $MT^-$) on linkage group VI. In the early gametogenesis agglutinins are synthesized. The $mt^+$ and $mt^-$ agglutinins are encoded by the autosomal genes SAG1 (Sexual AGglutination1) and SAD1 (Sexual ADhesion1), respectively. The agglutinins are responsible for the flagellar adhesion of the two mating type of gametes. The flagellar adhesion initiates a cAMP mediated signal transduction pathways and activates the flagellar tips. In response to the cAMP signal, mating structures between two flagella are activated. The $mt^+$ and $mt^-$ gamete-specific fusion proteins, Fus1 and Hap2/Gcs1, are present on the plasma membrane of the two mating structures. Contact of the two mating structures leads to develop a fertilization tubule forming a cytoplasmic bridge between the two gametes. Upon fusion of nuclei and chloroplasts of $mt^+$ and $mt^-$ cells, the zygotes become zygospores. It is notable that the young zygote shows uniparental inheritance of chloroplast DNA from the $mt^+$ parent and mitochondrial DNA from the $mt^-$ parent. Under the favorable conditions, the zygospores divide meiotically and germinate and then new haploid progenies, vegetative cells, are released.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.591-604
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• 2020

The objectives of this study were to find out the best condition of extracting methods of limonene from citron and to determine effects of limonene on immune modulation activity by measuring cytokine secretion using RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. When distilled water was used as a solvent instead of organic solvents to extract limonene from citron, addition of refluxing process to simultaneous steam distillation extraction method was found to be much effective in extracting limonene. However, it required longer extraction time than using other organic solvents. Limonene extracts showed increased IL-β and IL-6 but decreased the TNF-α gene expression in limonene concentration dependant manner. However oral administration of limonene extracts to mice did not influence significantly compared to control in in vivo experiment. It might be due to that the mice were kept in well controlled and complete environment. Limonene, a natural material from citron has been approved to have a immune-modulation activity in the present study and have a potential as a feed additive that is environmentally friendly and no harmful. Further study with protected limonene, for example, for the protection of limonene from oxidation or bypass the ruminal degradation in order consequently to increase immune-modulation activity might be useful as a further research.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.749-761
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• 2022

This study evaluated the antioxidizing and antiproliferative effects of Angelica japonica extract and its solvent-partitioned fractions. A dried sample of the halophyte A. japonica was extracted twice using methylene chloride (CH₂Cl₂) and extracted twice again using methanol (MeOH). The combined crude extracts were then fractionated by solvent polarity into distilled water (water), n-butanol (n-BuOH), 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq.MeOH), and n-hexane fractions. The antioxidant activities of the crude extracts and their solvent-partitioned fractions were assessed according to their DPPH radical and peroxynitrite scavenging abilities, formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA oxidation, NO production, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The crude extract showed significant antioxidant activity in the overall antioxidizing bioassay systems. Among solvent-partitioned fractions, good antioxidant activities were observed in n-BuOH and 85% aq.MeOH fractions and significantly correlated with the polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the samples. Furthermore, all samples tested, including the crude extract, not only showed cytotoxic effects against human cancer cells (AGS, HT-29, MCF-7, and HT-1080) but also prevented cell migration in a dose-dependent manner in the wound healing assay using HT 1080. Among the solvent-partitioned fractions, the 85% aq.MeOH fraction most effectively inhibited the invasion of HT-1080 cells. Therefore, these results suggest that A. japonica may be a potential antioxidizing and antiproliferative agent.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.37-42
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• 2017

We are designed to control the lipoid variation of the structure system with the stratum corneum on the skin. The skin structure is consisted of a morphology how to use the lipoid component, and the given skin structure is consisted of the mechanical shapes of the intercellular route and transcellular route, and is confirmed to control the variation state of the structure capacity. The skin impedance is appeared to result the value of measurement such as shapes of ${\lambda}-Lip-RSC$, ${\lambda}-Lip-RSL$, ${\lambda}-Lip-CSG$, ${\lambda}-Lip-CSS$ and ${\lambda}-Lip-RSB$. The condition is showed to the alteration difference value of the intercellular route and transcellular route. And, composition condition is established to separate the division parts for conversion system that is constructed with the alteration modeling. We will be possible to progress the improvement effectiveness of the continuous skin control system on the skin.