• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.111-131
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• 2018

Objectives: This study examined the effects of residential proximity to adult children on the mental and physical health of middle-aged and older parents. The study also evaluated whether the parental age and gender of the adult child in closest proximity to the parent might moderate the association. Method: Data were drawn from five waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging(2006-2014). The analytic sample consisted of 7,359 parents aged 45 or older who had at least one non-coresidential adult child aged 19 or older. The analyses were conducted by estimating a series of fixed effects models while adjusting for the nested structure of the data. Results: The results showed that first, a closer distance between an adult child and the parent was generally associated with the parent experiencing a decrease in depressive symptoms. Yet, the mental health benefit was smaller for parents aged 65 years or older whose closest living adult child was a son. Second, a closer distance was observed to affect chronic illness only among middle-aged parents (aged 45 to 64). When the closest living adult child was a daughter, the middle-aged parent experienced deterioration in their chronic illness. On the other hand, the opposite pattern was observed when the closest living adult child was a son. Conclusions: The parental age and gender of the adult child in closest proximity to the parent might have varying effects on parents' health. A closer distance between an adult child and their parent has a positive impact on the mental health of the parent as a whole, whereas the effect of living closer was mixed in relation to the parental physical health.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.119-145
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• 2017

Objectives: Grounded in a life-course perspective, this study examined the effects of non-coresident children's transitions to marriage and parenthood on the frequency of contact with their parents. Gender of adult children and the educational levels of both adult children and their parents were evaluated as potential moderators of the transition-contact linkages. Method: The analytic sample consisted of adult children aged between 20 and 50 whose parents participated in four waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2006, 2008, 2010, 2012). For analysis, fixed effects regression models were estimated using the xtreg procedure in Stata. Results: First, transition to marriage was associated with a decrease in face-to-face contact, whereas a greater increase in contact with parents via phone, mail, email etc. occurred only among newly married with less than college education compared to the newlywed with college degrees. Second, transition to parenthood was associated with an increase in contact via phone, mail, email etc. In addition, a greater increase in face-to-face contact was found with parents who completed high school or more education compared to those with less than high school education. Conclusions: The findings suggest that adult children's transitions to marriage and parenthood may bring about increases in contact with their parents, particularly for adult children with less than college education and parents with more than high school education.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.105-130
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• 2018

Objective: In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of the Korean Intergenerational Psychological Ambivalence Scale (KIPAS) for young adult children. Method: Data came from 1,140 Korean young adults aged 19-34, who were never married and had at least one living parent. We translated the individual-subjective dimension of Zygowicz's (2006) Intergenerational Ambivalence Scale from English to Korean. The individual-subjective dimension had eight items that directly measured intergenerational psychological ambivalence (D-KIPAS) and 10 items that indirectly measured intergenerational psychological ambivalence (I-KIPAS). Results: The D-KIPAS and I-KIPAS items showed good internal consistency both for the mother and the father. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that D-KIPAS items loaded on one factor after controlling for method effects, which allowed error variances among the four non-reversed items to covary. Both the positive and negative items of I-KIPAS had good reliability and loaded on the same factor. The mean score of D-KIPAS and the calculated score of I-KIPAS were significantly but moderately correlated, which indicates that the D-KIPAS and I-KIPAS assess correlated but distinct aspects of intergenerational ambivalence. Correlations among D-KIPAS, I-KIPAS, and the proxy variables of intergenerational solidarity and conflict supported the discriminant validity of the KIPAS. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that both D-KIPAS and I-KIPAS are reliable and valid tools to measure intergenerational psychological ambivalence among Korean young adults.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.471-488
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• 2013

This study aims to explore the status of next generation OPAC functionalities adopted by Korean academic libraries, and factors affecting their functionalities adoption. So 181 OPACs among 191 Korean academic libraries' OPACs are surveyed using a checklist consisting of 27 next generation OPAC functionalities. The relationships between the next generation OPAC functionalities adopted by academic libraries' OPAC and 6 factors of library, i.e., establishment, region of universities, volumes in library collection, total library expenditures, total target users, and automation solutions are analyzed by using SPSS Statistics 21. It is found that all factors except establishment of universities significantly affected the adoption of the next generation OPAC functionalities, and further detailed analysis for each factors is provided.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 1989

효모의 생활환에서 보면, 1배체세포는 접합형을 달리하는 양세포사이에서 성접합에 의한 2배체세포를 형성하여 다시 새로운 세대에 이행한다. 이성적세포융합은 2종의 세포사이에서 행해지는 특이성이 매우 높은 반응에 기인하고 있기 때문에, 양 세포간의 관계는 다세포와는 달리 단순하다는 점이 연구재료로서의 이점으로 들 수 있겠다. 이러한 이점을 살려 얻어낸 정보전달기구를 해명하기 위한 몇가지 결과를 소개한다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.4 s.100
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• pp.479-486
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• 2005

The ontology was proposed to construct the logical basis of semantic web. Ontology represents domain knowledge in the formal form and it enables that machine understand domain knowledge and provide appropriate intelligent service for user request. However, the construction and the maintenance of ontology requires large amount of cost and human efforts. This paper proposes an automatic ontology construction method for defining relation between concepts in the documents. The Proposed method works as following steps. First we find concept pairs which compose association rule based on the concepts in domain specific documents. Next, we find pattern that describes the relation between concepts by clustering the context between two concepts composing association rule. Last, find generalized pattern name by clustering the clustered patterns. To verify the proposed method, we extract relation between concepts and evaluate the result using documents set provide by TREC(Text Retrieval Conference). The result shows that proposed method cant provide useful information that describes relation between concepts.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 1999.07b
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• pp.555-562
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• 1999

연구목적은 CALS와 GIS (Geographic Information Systems)를 융합한 효과적인 전자상거래 운용 및 관리시스템의 개발에 두고 있으며, 이는 CALS와 EC로만 국한된 전자상거래 환경에 융통성 있는 지리정보기술 (Geographic Information Technologies)과의 상호운용에 의한 기법으로 전자상거래를 보완하여 생산과 판매 그리고 판매와 수요간의 비용절감의 효과를 달성하기 위함 에 있다. 전자상거래 분야의 문제점으로서 지역과 지역간에 형성되는 상거래의 공간적인 분포관계나 경제적인 연계관계 등에 대한 구체적인 요인분석이나 대처방안이 제시되고 있지 않고 있으며, 생산지와 분배처 그리고 수요자간의 공간적인 제반문제들에 의한 과도한 물류비용의 부담, 불확실한 수요공급의 추이, 급변하는 경제동향의 이해, 비정형적인 공간거래에 따른 비용의 발생 등이 대상이 되고 있다. 이들 문제점에 대한 해결 방안은 공간간의 상거래 상관관계를 제시해주는 분석기능의 제공, 지역간에 상거래 자료를 기록 관리하게 할 수 있는 공간DB의 도화 편집기능의 제공, 과거에서 현실까지의 자료에 의한 향후의 지리공간에 대한 상거래 추이를 위한 시공간 기능의 제공 등을 들 수 있다. CALS-GIS의 운용에 따른 기대효과는 다음과 같다. GIS의 공간분석기능을 활용하여 상거래 공간간의 지역성이나 경제성에 의한 상호간의 비용발생을 절감한다. GIS의 공간DB의 도화기능을 활용하여 지역사회간의 특성에 대한 자료를 도면에 의한 기록관리로 원활한 운영환경을 만든다. 시공간 모델링 기법 (Spatio-temporal Modeling)으로 과거에서 현재까지의 자료에 의한 향후의 지리공간에 대한 추이를 파악하여 상거래의 전략을 체계적으로 구축한다. 생활지리정보의 제공에 의한 다양한 정보의 접근에 의한 부수적인 관리의 도구로 전환할 수 있는 기반을 제공한다. System 개발을 개방형 환경으로 구축하여 CALS-GIS의 운영 이외의 차세대 신기술까지도 접목할 수 있는 시스템 환경으로 구현되어 제공된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.218-218
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• 2016

차량용 강우 센서는 강우측정이 어려운 지역의 강수량 측정이 가능하고, 실시간으로 강우정보를 생성해 내기 때문에 차세대 강우측정기로써 전망이 기대된다. 차량용 강우 센서는 일반적인 강우관측기와 달리 물 입자가 커질수록 빛의 산란이 크게 일어나는 현상을 이용한다. 산란이 크게 일어나면 강우 센서에 입력되는 값이 줄고 이는 강수가 높다는 것을 의미한다. 강우가 발생하면 자동차 전면 유리창에 부착된 강우 센서가 감지하는 우적량을 강우량으로 환산하는 방법을 통해 강우량을 산정한다. 강우가 쌓이고 나서 나중에 그 값을 측정하는 것이 아니라 즉시 그 값을 계산하여 강우량을 산출해야하기 때문에 단계가 복잡하다. 수식이 복잡할수록 오차가 발생할 확률도 크고 처리 속도도 느려지기 때문에 W-S-R 관계식을 이용하여 복잡한 수식을 간단하게 정리할 필요가 있다. AWS 기상관측소와의 비교 분석을 위해 차량에 우량계를 장착하였으며 W-S-R 관계식을 통하여 상관관계 분석하여 회귀식을 도출 한다. W-S-R 관계식이라 함은 와이퍼의 속도관계(W), 강우센서(S), 실제 강우(R)을 의미한다. 여기서 와이퍼의 속도관계는 와이퍼의 한 번 이동 했을 시 실제 강우는 실내강우발생 장비를 제작하여 10~80mm의 강우를 발생시키고 그 값은 우량계로 관측한다. 본 연구에서는 물 입자의 산란과 차량용 강우 센서 간의 관계식 도출과 W-S-R 관계식을 이용하여 실제 강우 정보와의 상관관계를 위한 분석을 통한 회귀식 개발을 목표로 한다.

• 한국노년학
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.253-270
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• 2021

We examined if intergenerational proximity might be associated with upstream financial transfer from adult children to older parents, and whether adult child gender might moderate the association. We considered siblings' proximity to parents, as well as that of the adult child. Prior work conducted in the US and other countries has suggested that children living further from parents might provide financial support to compensate for instrumental support provided more by siblings living closer to parents. Data were drawn from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2014). Our analytic sample consisted of older adults 60+ and their children aged 35 and 55. None of the children co-resided with parents. Parental households consisted of either widowed individuals or married couples. For within-family analyses, fixed effects and random effects regression models were estimated. Results suggest first, sons living within a 30-minute distance, or within an hour to two-hour distance provided more monetary support to married parents compared to daughters. Second, contrary to existing findings, greater financial assistance was provided by sons and daughters when no children lived within an hour distance from their parents. For widowed parents living alone, intergenerational proximity was not associated with the amount of financial transfer from adult children.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.601-615
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• 2007

Many Korean migrants in Japan have established small businesses using their ethnic networks as they were discriminated and excluded from Japanese society and labour market. The aim of this study is to explore the changes in characteristics of Korean migrants' businesses by generation, focusing on the role of co-ethnic relationships including ethnic networks and resources on their businesses. This study analyzed Korean migrants' dependence of the ethnic resources to understand the relationship between the ethnic. When Koreans first moved to Japan, laborers amounted the most, but the number of the professionals and the small business owners has increased gradually. This change was influenced by the change of generation and the improvement of education, as well as recognition of Japanese society and the change of policies toward Korean migrants in Japan. In early times when the number of small business owners started to increase, many cases such as a business, an employment, the use of Korean banks used to depend on ethnic resources. Also there were many businesses of which main customers were Koreans. However, the dependence of the ethnic resources has become diverse as the structure of the occupation has changed. The maintenance or exclusion of co-ethnic relationship depends on the structure of society and economy, and its result affect the relationship between Korean migrants in Japan and Japanese.