• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.516-518
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• 2011

A survey was conducted to examine the normal intestinal bacterial flora of captive Oriental white storks (Ciconia boyciana) maintained at the Korea Institute of Oriental White Stork Rehabilitation Research, Cheongwon, South Korea. From the cloaca of 44 healthy storks, 44 fecal samples were collected and cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences and the heat shock protein 60 gene were cloned and sequenced for bacterial identification. Under aerobic conditions, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Pseudomonas spp., Alcaligenes spp., Enterobacter spp., Corynebacterium spp., and Proteus mirabilis were identified. Under anaerobic conditions, E. coli, Clostridium tertium, En. faecalis, and P. mirabilis were identified. E. coli, En. faecalis, or both were isolated from all samples. These results will add to the information available on this stork species and help for the interpretation of fecal culture results.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.830-835
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• 2011

Total soil microbial activities have great impact to soil management for organic farming. This study was evaluated in the soil microbial community by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) in a controlled horticultural field for strawberry organic farm. Experimental plots were prepared with a high level of soil electrical conductivity (EC) and a optimum level of soil EC. Soil microbial biomasses and communities of total bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the high level of soil EC were significantly larger than those in the optimum level of soil EC. Lower ratios of cy17:0 to 16:$1{\omega}7c$ and cy19:0 to 18:$1{\omega}7c$ were found in the optimum level of soil EC than those in the high level of soil EC, indicating that microbial stress decreased.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1401-1407
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• 2019

To elucidate whether or not solvent-tolerant bacteria use anti-oxidative defense systems to defend themselves against toxic solvents, oxidative enzyme activity and total anti-oxidative capacity (T-AOC) were investigated in two tolerant strains of Pseudomonas sp. under toluene stress. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of solvent tolerant BCNU 106 exhibited relatively increased levels at a toluene concentration of 100 mg/l, where those of solvent tolerant BCNU 171 increased at 200 mg/l. A greater than three-fold increase in catalase (CAT) levels was observed at concentrations of 200 and 300 mg/l in BCNU 106, and a two-fold increase was monitored at the same concentrations in BCNU 171. High glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels were also observed in the solvent tolerant bacteria. Higher levels of T-AOC was expressed in the solvent tolerant strains than in the ordinary non-tolerant KACC 10266. The highest plateau of SOD in BCNU 171 was observed at 1 hr of toluene exposure. CAT levels plateaued at 1 hr and 14 hr in BCNU 106 and reached the highest plateau at 3 hr in BCNU 171. The highest peak of T-AOC occurred at 9 hr in BCNU 106, and two high peaks occurred in BCNU 171, at 1 hr and at 9 hr of toluene exposure. The solvent-tolerant bacteria showed active antioxidant responses and could survive under harsh environments, including the presence of solvents, through means of antioxidant defense systems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the changes of nitrifying bacterial populations including Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp. in $A^2/O$ pilot plant with the configuration of anaerobic-anoxic-oxic reactors. The suspended nitrifying bacterial populations in mixed liquor and those of attached populations on granular carrier surface made by molded waste tire were analyzed by Fluorescent in situ Hybridization(FISH) method. The nitrification rate of a pilot plant showed the value of $1.97{\sim}2.98\;mg\;N/g$ MLVSS hr. The ratios of suspended ammonia oxidizer including Nitrosomonas sp. (NSO) to total bacteria in each reactor were oxic < anoxic < anaerobic. On the contrary, the ratios of suspended nitrite oxidizer including Nitrobacter sp. (NIT) were anaerobic < anoxic < oxic. The thickness, dry density and mass of the attached biomass on granular carriers were $180{\sim}188\;{\mu}m$, $38.5{\sim}43.9\;mg/cm^3$, $29.4{\sim}32.5\;mg/g$, respectively. Also, the ratios of attached nitrifier to total bacteria on granular carriers were similar regardless of ammonia/nitrite-oxidizer (NSO; 3.2%, NIT; 2.8%) and very low compared to those(NSO; $22.8{\sim}28.4%$, NIT; $17{\sim}26%$) of suspended nitrifier.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 1992

The spatial and temporal distribution of petroleum-degrading bacteria(PDB) was studied at six sampling sites in Kyeonggi Bay of the Yellow Sea fiom March 1990 to October 1991. In addition, petroleum-degrading potcntial of natural ~iiai-ineb acterial population was studied at different culturc contlitions. During the period o f stutly. thc heterotrophic bacterial number and PDB number were n1e;rsured in the range of 7 000-108.400 CFU/nil. 0-2.800 MPN1100 mi. respectively. The spatial tlistribution of PDB wa\ highly affected by presence of petroleum hydrocarbon. In laboratory cxperirncnt. petrolcu~n biodegradation wac enhanced hy addition of yeast cxtracl. cell free cxtr:~ct. anti rnixctl culture of PI)B.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 1999

The effects of diet on the composition of fecal microflora in mouse and the aclivilies of several enzymes in the leces were investigated. Vegetarian dietary groups were found to contain about ten lines higher numbers of Locmbocillus and B$&bacterizml than animal dietary groups. An~rnal dietmy groups were found to contain about 5 tolo times higher numbers of anaerobic Closhidia and Bocieriocles than the vegeterian detary groups. Fccal microbial $\beta$-glucosidase, $\beta$-glucm'onidase, ii-yptophanase and orease activilies in ihe animal dietary groups were shown lo be 30 to 50% hgher than those in h e vegetarian detary groups.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1468-1475
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• 2010

Sulfate reduction rates (SRR) using $^{35}SO_4^{-2}$, sulfide producing rates (SPR) using gas chromatography, the number of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) using the most probable number (MPN) method, and soil components (moisture, ammonium, total nitrogen, total organic carbon, total carbon, total inorganic phosphorus, total phosphorus, and sulfate) using standard methods in the organic/conventional rice paddy soils, cleaned/polluted reservoir soils, and cleaned/polluted foreshore soils were studied with the change of seasons. The average SRR was more related to the number of SRB and soil components (especially nitrogen and phosphorus) than sulfate concentration. SRR was also recorded to be highest in October soil samples. However, SPR was higher in foreshore soils containing a high concentration sulfate than in fresh water soils, and it was also recorded to be higher in the polluted areas than in clean areas. From these results, we can conclude that the SRR and SPR of anaerobic environments were affected by the number of SRB, soil components and temperature.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.868-876
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• 2015

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of total culturable bacteria (TCB) and to identify the bacteria in thirty public facilities (7 elderly-care facilities, 4 hypermarkets, 4 university hospitals, 7 child care facilities, 4 subway stations and 4 bus terminals) in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Do Province. Although all concentrations measured in these study facilities did not exceed the national maintenance standard, it is believed that elderly-, child-care facilities should be high priority facilities to improve the indoor air quality and it is important to study the health effects and the airborne bacteria concentration of public facilities including non-culturable bacteria or allergen.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.257-261
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• 1997

To scrutinize the bacterial community composition of Lake Soyang in winter, bacterial numbers belonging to Eubacteria, Proteobacteria and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group were estimated by using 16S and 23S rRNA targeted oligonucleotide probes. Total bacterial numbers ranged from $0.7{\times}10^6$ to $1.1{\times}10^6cells{\cdot}ml^{-1}$, and vertical profile of total bacteria showed a peak at 5 m depth. The ratio of eubacteria to total bacteria were 34~90% and at 5 m and 10 m depths those were low exhibiting, 39 and 34%, respectively. The percentage of proteobacteria ${\alpha}$-group ranged 10.8~28.7%, ${\beta}$-group 4.5~53.5%, ${\gamma}$-group 4.9~35.5% and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group 6.1~21.1%. The dominant groups were ${\beta}$-group at 0, 2 and 5 m, ${\gamma}$-group at 10 m, ${\alpha}$-group at 30 m and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group at 50 m depth. In winter season, Lake Soyang can be divided into three layer, 0~2 m, 5~10 m and 30~50 m, by the bacteria community composition. By this method, new informations about aquatic ecosystem were developed.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.492-497
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• 2011

Soil management for orchard depends on the effects of soil microbial activities. The present study evaluated the soil microbial community of 25 orchard in Gyeongnam Province by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) method. The average concentrations in the orchard soils were $332nmol\;g^{-1}$ of total FAMEs, $94nmol\;g^{-1}$ of bacteria, $46nmol\;g^{-1}$ of Gram-negative bacteria, $42nmol\;g^{-1}$ of Gram-positive bacteria, $4.8nmol\;g^{-1}$ of actinomycetes, $54nmol\;g^{-1}$ of fungi, and $9.1nmol\;g^{-1}$ of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In addition, sandy loam soils had significantly low ratio of cy19:0 to 18:$1{\omega}7c$ compared with that of loam soils (p<0.05), indicating that microbial stress decreased. The average soil microbial communities in the orchard soils were 28.1% of bacteria, 15.9% of fungi, 13.6% of Gram-negative bacteria, 12.5% of Gram-positive bacteria, 2.8% of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and 1.4% of actinomycetes. The soil microbial community of Gram-negative bacteria in peach cultivating soils was significantly higher than that of pear cultivating soils (p<0.05).