• Korean journal of communication and information
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• 제84권
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• pp.99-123
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• 2017

We analyzed the movie (2016/ directed by J-yong E), which is entangled in politics of gender, age, class, or sexuality, naming as "spaces of Others", using the concepts of heterotopia of Foucault. Foucault addressed three types of spaces: the realistic space where we currently live, the unrealistic and non-existent utopia, and heterotopia, which functions antithetically to reality. Thus, Foucault's heterotopia can be considered to indicate "heterogeneous spaces" in reality. The Bacchus Lady revolves a 65-year old prostitute So-Young, sells her body to old men at the parks in downtown of Seoul. Old prostitute on streets are often referred as "Bacchus Ladies", because suggest the popular energy drink a bottle of Bacchus while selling sex. The movie represents some minorities such as transgender, Tina and madam of the club, G-spot, migrant women like Camila and Aindu, and a amputee, Dohoon. Through these people's bodies, the problems such as imperials, nations, ethnics, gender, age, class are entangled in the movie. The politics of these points work and construct heterotopias in four spaces of Others. First, the spaces which ageing and death are intersected. Second, the spaces of So-Young for prostitutes, Third, the spaces of So-Young's mothering: she adopted her baby to American when he was a infant, so she have felt guilty. Fourth, the spaces for So-young's quasi-family with Minho, a Kopian boy who was abandoned by Korean father, Dohoon, who is a poor amputee, and Tina, who is a transgender singer. Fifth, the spaces of speech of So-Young as the subaltern: the subaltern does not have the language to express its own experiences. In order to listen to the words of subaltern, we must do the task of measuring the silence. This cinematic representation of So-young as the subaltern makes her speak about her situation. Finally, the spaces constructed by the movie can be connected 'heterotopia of crisis', 'heterotopia of deviation' and 'heterotopia of fantasy'. The spaces of the movie represents lives of Others, nevertheless, So-Young's Otherness through spaces of heterotopia was transformed to an absolute Other by patriarchal traits of cinematic narrative.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1976

1. In order to increase our physical power through raising the amount of Hb to normal level and thus enrich our national power, it is earnestly required to improve the general eating habits in the direction of taking enough animal protein (nutrition food) that is required to form Hb and adequate administrative procedures of the nursery school are to be taken at the same time. 2. The genetic amentia's development of skeleton is generally under the normal level. And so their physical condition should be inferior to the standard growth rate of the same age. But the fact is that their physical growth is almost the same as the same age with only few exceptions. Besides, considering the fact that their amount of Hb is less than that of the normal level, I think we can conclude that the majority of the amentia in the nursery school were malnutrition during their prenatal period or during their infancy. We need continuous statistical study concerning many amentia that is scattered all part of our country, to make our amentia's hereditary transmission and the expression clear. And so the Intelligence Quotient of the amentia are from 26 to 80, we consider to need nourishing meal in ordinary times to make more efficient development of intellectual faculties. 3. As to the relation between blood type and disease, there are much debates going on in many countries. To get more apodictic results, however, continuous study is desired to be made in the future.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.581-590
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• 1996

Bone resorptiion was predominate in compression site, bone formation in tension site of periodontal ligament during tooth movement. The biologic response at compressiion site was different from tension site. Thus the CGHP immuno-positive nerve fiber will respond differently to mechanical force according to the area( compression or tension site). The purpose of this study was to investigate this response of CGRP immune-positive nerve fiber in the periodontal ligament according to the duration of applied force and the area (compression or tension site) during experimental tooth movement. The experimental animals were 7 week old male rat (approximately 200 gm). The orthodontic force was applied mesially to the right maxillary molar using the Ni-Ti coil spring during 12hours, 1, 3, 7, and 120days. Immunohistochemical staining using antibody against CGRP was performed after sacrifice. The results were as follows. The CGRP immune-positive nerve bundle showed reduced immunoreactivity and nerve fibers reduced in density after application of orthodontic force for 12 hours and 1day. The CGRP immune-positive nerve fibers showed many thin branches at the apical periodontal ligament after application of force for 3 days as compared with normal. The tension site in the apical periodontal ligament showed more branches than the compression site. In 7 day group, the CGRP immune-positive nerve fibers increased in terms of the number and had many thin branches in the apical periodontal ligament. The tension site had more branches than the compression site. In 12 day group, the CGRP immune-positive nerve fibers showed similar distribution to normal control at compression site of apical periodontal ligament, but the fibers at the tension site increased in number. The CGRP immuno-positive nerve fibers showed more increased at tension site than compression site after application of orthodontic force. Therefore it seems to have some relation to the bone remodeling besides the local inflammatory process.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2010

This study examined figurative characters of rice terraces, and is intended to seek figurative possibility of a natural scene by selecting Gyeongnam Area Namhae Gacheon rice terraces, Sancheong Imcheon rice terraces and Hamyang Macheon rice terraces through an analysis of the target land. As a theoretical background, studies of a natural scene and figuration-related literature were looked into, and for figuring a natural scene on the basis of the results, the character of the topography of rice terraces was divided into 9 items as follows by generalizing the inspiration obtained from the natural scenic character and spatial character of rice terraces represented from the topography: (1) Inclination showing the degree of the slope of rice terraces, (2) The bending showed by unevenness of the edge line of rice terraces, (3) The degree of parallelism of the up-and-down edge line, (4) The size of the width of the section of each rice terrace, (5) The area of the total rice terraces, (6) Step gap that indicates the difference of high and low of the up-and-down small rice terraces, (7) Figuration as an image represented by the external form of the total rice terraces, (8) Naturalness and artificiality kept by the total scene, (9) Softness of cornerstones or soil that forms small rice terraces, an atmosphere produced by the total scenes, etc. The results of analysis made through GIS, with rice terraces of Gyeongnam Namhae, Sancheong and Hamyang Area as the target land, are as follows. First, the steeper the inclination is, the higher the step difference of cornerstones becomes, and the steeper the inclination, the narrower the area and width become, so that it could be known that, in rice terraces, inclination is proportional to step difference and the area is inversely proportional to the width. Second, it is considered that line showed in rice terraces, area elements and reiteration, repeated changes, and changes in the scene affected by the surrounding environment including those according to season can be converted into a variety of images according to an individual disposition. Third, it was decided that it is possible to figure repetitive composition and directivity, motility, order and change, etc. into a common type drawn from each target land. This paper, as a study of basic materials for expressing figuration in an environment field, investigated and analyzed the surrounding environment of the target land, and is significant in that it attempted the possibility of being able to generalize the environmental beauty of the target land as one figurative element. More precise studies are expected to be made later.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• 제30집
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• pp.319-332
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• 2009

The research on the poem work of Hwang Jin I may have been discussed relatively profoundly compared to the number of works left by her. On the prolongation of such result that has been made thus far, the author tried to investigate aspect of confrontation of figuration and situation of farewell revealed in the poem work of Hwang Jin I through this dissertation. The 6 poems of Hwang Jin I are works which are directly or indirectly related to the situation of farewell. Thus, the author began to discuss dissertation, thinking that the difference in aspect of confrontation in the farewell situation of Hwang Jin I projected in the work can be confirmed by analyzing the poem work of Hwang Jin I. First, with respect to the figuration of farewell in the poem of Hwang Jin I, it cannot be said that she left many poems. However, it could be confirmed that the universal human emotion felt in the situation of farewell was effective converted to figuration by personality of the author through the delicate symbol and simile felt in each work and diverse poetic devices. Then, the aspect of confrontation of farewell situation revealed in the poem of Hwang Jin I was investigated in 3 large divided aspects. First, it is the nature-compliant aspect of confrontation that does not artificially reject or disobey but accepts the moment of farewell by relying on the providence of nature with respect to the situation of farewell. Four works pertain to this category, namely, <니 언지 무언(無言)하여$\sim$>, <어뎌 니 일이여$\sim$>, <산(山)은 넷 산(山)이로디$\sim$> and <청산(靑山)은 내 뜻이요$\sim$>. Next, it may be challenge to the nature, that is, to cut time and space at own intention against the providence of nature. The work, <동지인(冬至人)달 기나긴 밤을$\sim$> pertains to this category. Finally, it is mixed aspect of confrontation in which the above-mentioned compliant aspect of confrontation is mixed with challenging aspect of confrontation. The work, <청산리(靑山裡) 벽계수(碧溪水)ㅣ야$\sim$> may pertain to this category. As explained above, the aspect of confrontation revealed differently in the situation of farewell may be due to the peculiarity of her status as official kisaeng. Furthermore, her magnanimous and affectionate character may be also quite influential on this matter. The matters to be supplemented to make the above discussion successful need to be studied in the subsequent research.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.627-635
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• 2011

This study was conducted to assess the effects of the removal of pesticide residues and microorganisms from yuja (Citrus junos Sieb ex Tanaka) using a surface-washing system, under the following washing conditions: 0.11, 0.42, and 0.73 m/s spray rotation speeds; 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 MPa water pressure and 0.046, 0.092, and 0.138 m/s conveying speeds. Tap-water treatment was used as the control. The washing efficiency when using squid ink was highly correlated with the conveying speed and the spray rotation speed. In addition, the highest washing efficiency was achieved when the water pressure was 0.9 MPa. The microorganisms were reduced to 0.40 log CFU/g for the tap-water treatment, and all the treatments, except those at the conveying speed of 0.138 m/s and the spray rotation speed of 0.11 rpm (6.07 log CFU/g), produced higher removal efficiencies compared with the tap-water treatment. Reductions of 2.20 and 2.05 log CFU/g were achieved at the spray rotation speeds of 0.42 and 0.73, respectively. The largest reductions were observed when the conveying speed was 0.046 m/s. Higher pesticide residue removal efficiency values were obtained at slower conveying speeds and higher spray rotation speeds. Higher than 50% removal efficiency was achieved when the spray rotation speed was 0.046 m/s for spirodichlofen, deltamethrin, benomyl, thiophanate-methyl, and acequinocyl. Especially, the removal efficiency for benomyl and thiophanate-methyl was more than 90%. It can thus be concluded that the pesticide residues in yuja can be effectively reduced by washing the latter with a less-than-0.092-m/s conveying speed and a higher-than-0.42-m/s spray rotation speed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.608-615
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• 2015

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been used as both food and medicine in many cultures for thousands of years. Garlic cultivars are completely sterile and propagated through vegetative method. Collection of a large number of fertile accessions of these genus is needed to explore genetic variability. In order to investigate genetic variation among Allium species and its possibilities for direct cultivation in Korea, we characterized 12 accessions of A. longicuspis, flowering wild garlic which had collected from Central Asia, the main center of garlic diversity. Most of A. longicuspis accessions showed higher over-wintering and bolting rate, longer scape length and more number of bulbils than Korean landraces cultivar, Danyang and Euiseong, but A. longicuspis accessions exhibited smaller size of bulbs and bulbils. Most accessions of A. longicuspis had more number of cloves per bulb, except K229596 and K248824 than Korean landraces. All the accessions of A. longicuspis from Central Asia had complete bolters having many flowers and topsets in umbel. Further studies of A. longicuspis should focus on securing true seeds through removal of topsets and crosses among accessions to create the genetic variability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제43권12호
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• pp.1843-1851
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• 2014

This study evaluated the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of barley Doenjang (soybean paste) containing various contents (4, 12, and 20%) of kelp extracts. After 60 days of fermentation, pH, acidity, and viscosity of Doenjang were 5.80~6.86, 0.57~1.87%, and 4,913.3~9,333.3 cps, respectively, showing significant differences according to content of kelp extracts. Amino-type nitrogen contents was 902.60~921.90 mg%. For color values, L and b values increased significantly (P<0.001), whereas a value decreased slightly according to kelp extracts. DPPH radical scavenging effect ($IC_{50}$) for butylated hydroxyanisole ranged from 10.28 mg/mL to 23.23 mg/mL. DPPH radical scavenging effects of control was highest among the samples. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 12.72~6.37 mg tannic acid equivalence/g, and $0.98{\sim}1.56{\mu}g$ rutin equivalence/g, respectively. Initial counts of total bacteria and lactic acid bacteria were 7.20~7.57 log CFU/g, and 4.20~4.71 log CFU/g respectively, showing significant difference according treatment and fermentation (P<0.05). In the sensory evaluation, 20% kelp extract Doenjang (5.6) showed higher overall acceptability than other samples (6.5) (P<0.01). Especially, umami taste (6.1) and texture (6.4) of 20% kelp extract Doenjang were higher than those of control (P<0.05). These results suggest that Doenjang containing kelp extracts, will be good for industrial fields.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.91-95
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• 2004

This study aims to analyze realities of oral health and related factors, and establish Structural Equation Modeling. The subjects of study were 9,340 elderly over age 65 who took the health examination(the first) for the local insured which National Health Insurance Corporation carried out in the survey area mentioned below from January 2002 to December 2002. The areas surveyed were 4 big cities including Seongbuk-ku, Seoul, 5 medium cities including Wonjusi, Gangwon-do, and 5 Counties including Yeong deok County, Kyeongbuk. Considering location and the scale of population, firstly, big unit areas(metropolitan city, province) were selected according to convenience, secondly, low unit areas(city, county, district) were selected randomly. The subjects were the elderly who took all tests including an oral examination and filled in the questionnaire. Major results from analysis are as follows: 1. Review of Composition Conception Validity As a result of analyzing composition conception validity of SEM including posture test, urine test, blood test, habits of eating, drinking and smoking, oral symptoms, and oral health status, using fit index such as GFI, CFI, TLI, and RMSEA, all were within fit range and composition conception validity was recognized. 2. As a result of analyzing SEM to find the relationship between each factor and oral health status, it was confirmed that all factors except urine test affected oral health status and the synthetic SEM to explain it could be established. In result, we could verify that the elderly of rural areas who had lesser experience of visiting a clinic and oral prophylaxis had a higher rate of caries, missing teeth, and denture need, and drinking and smoking negatively affected the rate of caries, periodontal, and missing teeth. Also, periodontal diseases were observed from 43.2% of the total elderly and much from the lower age. Most of oral disease can be prevented by right oral health behavior. Therefore through oral health professionals from each district public health center of the nation, oral health education for the elderly about right eating habits and oral health care should be carried out systematically and policy change to increase access to dental service is required lest that visiting a dental clinic should be impossible or oral health behaviors such as oral prophylaxis and denture wearing should be neglected by economic, geographical barriers. Also, to establish SEM to explain the relationship between oral health status and systemic health, more accurate test methods and effective index development should be preceded. Because items developed by National Health Insurance Corporation applied to this study without alteration, structuring a model had the uppermost limit. Continual study seems to be needed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.382-390
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• 2015

Momordica charantia L. is a valuable food and medicinal plant of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) that is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Physicochemical properties of M. charantia based on cultivars, parts and growing stage were investigated. Crude protein contents of leaf were 27.5%, 26.9%, and 23.6% in native leaf (NL), cv. Erabu leaf (EL), and cv. Dragon leaf (DL), respectively. In particular, the crude protein content was the highest in leaves. The crude fat content was in the order of developmental stage 1 of cv. Erabu fruit (EF1) and developmental stage 1 of native fruit (NF1) with values of 4.0%, and 3.9%, respectively. There was also high amount of crude fiber in stem of all three cultivars. The crude ash content was in the order of cv. Erabu leaf, cv. Dragon leaf, and developmental stage 3 of native fruit (NF3) with values of 23.2%, 17.4%, and 13.6%, respectively. The major minerals found in M. charantia were K, Ca, and Mg. The potassium contents of developmental stage 3 of native fruit (NF3), developmental stage 3 of cv. Dragon fruit (DF3), cv. Dragon stem (DS), and developmental stage 2 of native fruit (NF2) were 498.37, 339.21, 314.30, and 307.34 ㎎ /100g, respectively, while the calcium contents were decreased of EL, DL, and NL with values of 513.45, 371.69, and 209.43 ㎎/100g, respectively. The calcium content was higher in leaves and stems than fruits. On the otherhand, the highest magnesium content was measured in EL (69.92 ㎎/100g). The highest contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll were found in NL (442.9 ㎎/100g dw), EL (759.6 ㎎/100g dw), and EL (1164.9 ㎎/100g dw), respectively. The vitamin C contents from developmental stage 2 of cv. Erabu fruit (EF2), NF3, developmental stage 3 of cv. Erabu on fruit (EF3), and NF2 were found with values of 2849.9, 2330.5, 1985.1, and 1844.5 ㎎/㎏, respectively, and found to be higher in Korean cultivar and Erabu fruit than in Dragon. The charantin contents of leaf were higher than the fruit found to be 547.71, 506.04 and 395.62 ㎍/g dw in DL, EL and EF2, respectively. According to the results, mineral contents, total chlorophyll and charantin contents of M. charantia were higher in the leaves (EL and DL) than the fruits. And, vitamin C content was the highest in the fruit (EF2 and EF3). Therefore, much more research needs to be undertaken to use of the leaves as well as fruits. The data showed that M. charantia can be considered a good source of nutrient for application in food system.