• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.281-304
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• 2022

Heungdeokjeon was the first pavilion built on the site of Sueocheong during the expansion of Gyeongungung. In this study, we tried to clarify the specific construction process of Heungdeokjeon, which was used for various purposes such as the copy location for Portraits of ancestors, temporary enshrinement site, and the funeral building for the rest of the body, which is Binjeon. In addition, we tried to confirm the historical value based on the characteristics derived by the history of the building and the rituals performed. Heungdeokjeon began to be built in the second half of 1899, and is estimated to have been completed between mid-February and mid-March 1900. It was a ritual facility equipped with waiting rooms for the emperor and royal ladies as an annex. The relocation work was planned in April 1901 and began in earnest after June, and it was closely linked to the construction of attached buildings of Seonwonjeon. In addition, comparing the records on the construction and relocation cost of Heungdeokjeon with those related to the reconstruction of Seonwonjeon, it was confirmed that annex buildings of Heungdeokjeon were relocated and used as annex buildings of Seonwonjeon. The characteristics identified in the process of Heungdeokjeon used as a place to copy portraits are as follows. First, it was used as a place to copy portraits twice in a short period of time. Second, it was the place where the first unprecedented works were carried out in relation to the copying of portraits. Third, the pavilion, which was specially built for imperial rituals, was used as a place to copy portraits. Since then, it has been used as a funeral building for the rest of the body, and features different from those of the previous period are identified. It was the building dedicated to rituals for use as Binjeon, and was also a multipurpose building for copying portraits. In other words, Heungdeokjeon, along with Gyeongbokgung Taewonjeon, is the building that shows the changes in the operation of Binjeon in the late Joseon Dynasty. Characteristics are also confirmed in portrait-related rituals performed at Heungdeokjeon. The first is that Jakheonlye was practiced frequently in a short period of time. The second is that the ancestral rites of Sokjeolje and Bunhyang in Sakmangil, which are mainly held in the provincial Jinjeon, were identified. This is a very rare case in Jinjeon of the palace. The last is that Jeonbae, jeonal, and Bongsim were implemented mutiple times. In conclusion, Heungdeokjeon can be said to be a very symbolic building that shows the intention of Gojong, who valued imperial rituals, and the characteristics of the reconstruction process of Gyeongungung.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.306-311
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• 2015

Recently, vessel hijacking by pirates has been a big issue around the world. In case of the hostages of M/V "SAMHO Jewelry" on January 20, 2011, the Korean Navy has rescued 21 seafarers by first naval operation with somalia pirates since establishment of the Navy. Also, in case of the "HANJIN Tianjin", all crews evacuated to the Citadel promptly when being attacking by pirates and were safely rescued by the navy. By the accident, Necessity of Citadel for seafarer on board ship came to the fore against pirates. Taking in account increasing pirates accident at sea, many research relating to pirates has been implementing with a view to responding to them so far. By amending the ship facility regulation in the domestic law on Jan. 2011, the installment of Citadel on board ship became mandatory for ocean going vessel serving pirates area. Hence, this paper provides new model of Citadel structure based on an Fire Dynamic simulation in order to improve personal safety in case of vessel hijacking.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.28
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• pp.35-50
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• 2022

This study explores the results of the research and conservation treatment conducted on two-peony paintings in the collection of the National Museum of Korea. The Jang-ji(障子) resembles a folding screen, but differs in size, shape, and use. A thick sheet of paper was used to attach the paintings to a wall, and traces of the lattice frame and red pigments, which was mainly used for building structures, remain on the back of the paper. It is confirmed that the paper was used as Jang-ji(障子) attached to adorn the walls or doors of a building and specifically decorated the interior of Seonwonjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace, which was removed in 1867. The paper also indicates that the mounting was made in the 19^th-century Joseon Dynasty, as the peony painting was finished in a different color from Jang-ji(障子) used for the Seonwonjeon Hall in Changdeokgung Palace. Based on the analysis of pigments and literature research, this study attempts to take a new approach to the colored pigments used in royal peony paintings, and it is believed that the conservation treatment used in this study highlights the necessity of continuous research on wallpaper as reference materials for royal paintings of the Joseon Dynasty.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.148-150
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• 2016

다국적 선원으로 구성된 선박환경에서 근무하는 선원들에게는 원활한 의사소통을 위한 영어구사능력뿐만 아니라 서로 다른 문화에 적절히 대응하고 융합하는 이문화 커뮤니케이션 능력함양이 절대적으로 요구된다 할 것이다. 특히 필리핀, 중국, 인도, 일본, 인도네시아, 한국, 미얀마를 비롯한 아시아 선원들이 전 세계 선원시장에서 차지하는 비중이 50%에 달하는 점과, 이들 국가들이 영어를 모국어로 사용하고 있지 않은 점을 고려할 때, 아시아 지역 선원들에 대한 해사영어 교육훈련의 중요성은 아무리 강조하여도 지나치지 않을 것이다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 아시아해사영어교육센터에 대한 구성과 역할 및 향후 추진방향 등을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2002

The eighteenth century in Great Britain was the period of transformation, Great Britain externally experienced several wars intermittently mid internally transformed into the industrial country in the course of the 18th century. British shipowners were faced with short of seamen mainly due to several wars and expansion of shipping tonnage British shipowners tried to solve the mooing problem by decreasing the number of seamen from 22-23 sailors per ship of 100 tonnage in 1710's to 5 in 1810 and increasing seamen's wage from shillings per common seaman per month in the 17th century to 25 shillings in the middle of the 18th century and equation omitted during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. What caused and resulted by specialized shipowners to cope with changeable market situation with flexibility was decrease of the number of seamen per ship and increase of wage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.470-478
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• 2023

All people have human rights that should be protected, and today, the importance of protecting human rights is emphasized in all areas of society. The industry is also carrying out activities to protect the human rights of workers, such as implementing human rights education for human rights management and preparing a response system for human rights violations. However, due to the closed environment and special working conditions, seafarers on board are often placed in a blind spot in human rights protection. In particular, a number of cases of human rights violations concerning beginner seafarers, including cadets, have been identified, and relevant research is insufficient compared to other occupational groups. Jobs that restrict basic human rights cannot be envied by anyone. In this study, implications and problems were derived based on the results of a human rights survey of cadets, and cases of human rights violations, and improvement measures were proposed. The cadets had a very negative perception of human rights violations before boarding. However, it was found that their perception changed after boarding. It was confirmed that cadets have unnecessary fears and concerns before boarding. Improvement measures include the establishment of a legal system for the status of cadets, measures to alleviate non-physical human rights violations, improvement of human rights violations handling procedures and response systems, and enhancing the effectiveness of human rights education.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2001

It is well known that assurance of the radiation therapy needs for an accuracy of $\pm$ 5 % in the delivery of an absorbed dose to target volume. Therefore, the dose evaluation of brachytherapy source and/or linear accelerate beam must be a stability with accuracy. In an advanced country, they recommended to use the radioactive check source for reference air ionization chamber for a stable response of radiation field chamber. In this experiments, the radioactive source Sr-90 and PR-05 air ionization chamber were used for standard source and reference ion chamber. The response of reference ion chamber showed as an 1.000$\pm$ 0.010 uncertainty for 10 years long and the evaliuation f dose discrepancy of clinical field ion chamber showed as 0.997 $\pm$0.011 in a $^{60}$ Co brachytherapy soruce. In our experiments, we can assuarance the long halflife standard source is reliable to preserve the calibration factor of reference chamber in stability.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2012

Recently, vessel hijacking by pirates has been a big issue around the world. For example, the hostages of VLCC "SAMHO Dream" were released for a large sum of ransom. On January 20, 2011 "SAMHO Jewelry" succeeded releasing all of the 21 crews on the vessel by attacking the pirates in international waters for the first time since the founding of the Naval Force. Furthermore, the "HANJIN Tianjin" crews evacuated to the Citadel promptly and were rescued by the navy. As hijacking of Korean vessels by pirates is increasing, various safety measures must be implemented. As a matter of fact, the standard for ship's facilities has been partially revised and setting up an evacuation shelter on all vessels sailing dangerous zone has been reinforced. This research aims to discuss crew Citadel installation on vessels intended for long haul. In addition, it will look at measures against potential gas flow in the event of pirate armed attacks and fire outbreak onboard a vessel. It will also assess the optimal number of crew Citadels theoretically. Lastly, the optimal number of shelters in the event of fire outbreak will be discussed based on an FDS simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.22-32
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• 2021

The Seonwonjeon(璿源殿) in the Deoksugung Palace was initially the ritual space for the royal family affiliated with the Gyeongungung Palace during the Korean Empire. It is currently, however, empty, as a landscape restoration and maintenance plan is established as a part of the restoration project for the Seonwonjeon area. The following results were obtained through the historical investigation of the original form and examination of similar cases. First, the original topography of the backside grove, which had been in the Seonwonjeon area, is 3.0-5.0m higher than the base of the building, and a terraced flower bed(花階) was installed on the border of the green to set off the difference in a scenic way. Second, the backside grove was composed with fruit trees to bear fruits used in rites and pine trees which symbolize the ritual space. Third, resting places were established at both ends of the site for the convenience of visitors without interrupting the atmosphere of the sacred ground. A trail was also created inside the backside grove along with minimum landscape elements, including functionally required items, such as the signboard, bench, tree guard, ramp, street lights, and landscaping lights. Fourth, the information on original planting in the palace and ritual space was extracted through historical materials, such as literatures, antique paintings, and photographs along with site surveys. Based on the information acquired, a planting plan was established for the courtyard, pedestrian road, resting places, terraced flower bed, pine grove, and fruit tree garden, which constitute the landscaping space of the Seonwonjeon area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.5-11
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• 2006

Urinalyses have been conducted for 28 seamen in K University's training ship and Creatine and Uric acid turned out to be higher in all ages, which can be inferred that on-deck environment has caused negative impact on kidney and/or malfunction. In addition, TC arid HDL-C, LDL-C has decreased, however, TG has increased after the navigation. All different positions including oater, crew, decker, engineer and radio part showed the similar pattern. TC and HDL-C has decreased in 30s, 40s and TG has increased in 30s. A few of the 30's show extremely high TG rates so Hyperlipidemia is suspected. 7 members fumed out positive for UBG test and 5 positive for PRO test. Especially there was only one UBG positive before the navigation but, 7 members has become positive, which means the one-month ocean navigation has definite impact on the liver cell function.