• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2004

Background : Cyclooxygenase is the main target enzyme for the nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that have been shown to suppress carcinogenesis in both experimental models and epidemiological studies. COX-2 plays an important role in solid tumor growth, invasiveness and angiogenesis, through, in part, the synthesis of prostaglandins, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In this study, the prognostic significance of an increase in COX-2 expression in lung cancer samples was evaluated. Material and Methods : The expression of COX-2, by immunohistochemistry, was studied in paraffin-embedded tumor blocks obtained from 84 patients(male 67, female 17, with a mean age of 63, ranging from 34 to 84 years) who had undergone surgery at Wonkwang University Hospital, between 1997 and 2002. For the evaluation of the relationships between COX-2 expression, and the clinical stage, metastasis to lymph nodes and survival, those cases showing the respective antigen expression in >10% of the tumor cells were considered positive. Result : Of the 84 patients, 61 (73%) exhibited more than 10% COX-2 immunoreactivities in the tumor and normal cells, whereas the remaining 23 showed no increase in the expression of COX-2. There was no significant relationship between the increased expression of COX-2 and the disease stage(p=0.1002) or cell type(p=0.152). The median survival was longer for the patients with a negative, compared to positive, COX-2 expression(36 compared to 24 months, p<0.05). The two year-survival rate was also higher in the patients with a negative COX-2 expression (78%) than those with a positive expression (47%, Kaplan-Meier, Log Rank, p < 0.05). Conclusion : The median survival was longer in the patients with a negative, compared to positive, COX-2 expression was longer than those with positive COX-2, having undergone complete resection due to primary non-small cell lung cancer.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.594-598
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• 2004

Signet ring cell carcinoma of lung is an unique variant of mucin producing adenocarcinoma which is characterized by abundant intracellular mucin accumulation. Only a few cases of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of lung have been reported in the world wide literature. And we have, recently experienced one case of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of lung. A 55 years old man was evaluated for paralysis of lower extremities and was found to have lung cancer in the left upper and lower lobe with pleural, multiple spinal, bone and liver metastases. Signet ring tumor cells were revealed by cytologic examination of pleural fluids. And there were no evidence of signet ring cell carcinoma of other organs. Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of lung seems to have an aggressive behavior and therapeutic modalities could be different from those for signet ring cell carcinomas from other organs. Therefore it is important to separate primary signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of lung from metastatic tumors.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.318-323
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• 2008

It is difficult to distinguish a lung cancer from a pulmonary tuberculoma or other benign nodule. It is even more difficult to identify the type of lesion if the mass shows no change in size or demonstrates slow growth. Only a pathological confirmation can possibly reveal the nature of the lesion. A 61-year-old-woman was referred for a solitary pulmonary nodule. The nodule showed no change in size for the first two years and continued to grow slowly. Pathological and immunological analyses were conducted for confirmation of the nodule. The nodule was identified as a well-differentiated primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma. An LULobectomy was performed, and the post surgical stage of the nodule was IIIA (T2N2M0). Even though there are few risk factors, there is still the possibility of a malignancy in cases of non-growing or slow growing solitary pulmonary nodules. Therefore, pathological confirmation is encouraged to obtain a firm diagnosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.1119-1125
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• 2010

To evaluate resveratrol as a prostate cancer preventive material, we investigated its anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects in RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells. Resveratrol significantly decreased the number of viable RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Resveratrol showed cytotoxicity against RC-58T/h/SA#4, LNCaP, PC-3 human prostate cancer cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 245, 320 and $340\;{\mu}M$, respectively. However the cytotoxic potential of resveratrol against normal RWPE-1 cells was lower ($IC_{50}=982\;{\mu}M$). Resveratrol induced cell death as evidenced by the increased formation of apoptotic bodies, nuclear condensation, sub-G1 phase, and DNA fragmentation. Resveratrol activated initiator caspases 8, and 9 as well as effector caspase 3 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the general caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk significantly inhibited resveratrol-induced apoptosis compared to cells without treatment. These results clearly indicate that resveratrol-induced apoptosis was dependent on caspase activation. Further, resveratrol modulated the down regulation of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic), and Bid. However, the level of Bax (pro-apoptotic) remained unchanged. These results suggest that resveratrol induced apoptosis in RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells via a mitochondrial-mediated caspase-dependent pathway, suggesting therapeutic potential against prostate cancer.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.677-680
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• 2000

웹이 등장하면서 지금까지 인터넷 상에서 텍스트와 이미지를 이용하여 정보를 표현하고 전달하는 방법이 가장 많이 사용되어왔다. 그러나 웹 관련 기술의 비약적인 발달과 네트워크 속도의 증가 및 인터넷의 급속한 보급으로 단순한 텍스트와 이미지 중심의 HTML 문서를 이용한 정보의 전달이 아닌 멀티미디어 데이터를 이용한 정보의 표현과 전달이 점차 증대되고 있다. 이에 따라 멀티미디어 데이터를 전송하기 위한 스트리밍 프로토콜도 등장하였다. 최근에는 컴퓨터의 성능 증가 및 네트워크 속도의 증가(초고속 통신 서비스의 보급)에 의해 멀티미디어 데이터의 전송이 가능하게됨으로써 기존의 공중파나 CATV 방송국의 형태 지니고 인터넷 상에서 실시간 생방송 서비스와 VOD(Video On Demand) 서비스를 제공하는 인터넷 방송국이 급속하게 생겨나고 있다.[11] 인터넷 방송은 동영상과 오디오의 실시간 전달을 가능하게 하는 멀티미디어 스트리밍 기술과 멀티미디어를 실시간으로 전송할 수 있는 실시간 전송 프로토콜을 기반으로 발전하고 있다. 인터넷 상에서 멀티미디어 스트리밍 서비스를 하는 대부분의 인터넷 방송은 스트리밍 서버로서 RealNetworks사의 RealSystem과 Microsoft사의 WMT(Windows Media Technologies)를 사용하고 있다. 본 논문은 Real Server와 WMT의 비교 분석을 통해 실시간 전송 프로토콜을 지원하고, 멀티미디어 스트리밍 기술을 지원하는 자바를 기반으로 한 분산 서버 구조의 스트리밍 서버, 서버간의 부하를 제어하는 미들웨어, 멀티미디어 스트림을 재생할 수 있는 클라이언트를 설계하고 구현한다. 방법에 대해서 자세히 살펴보고 실제 SQL Server 7.0 환경에서 구축된 공간 엔진 및 OLE DB 제공자 컴포넌트의 구현 예에 대하여 살펴볼 것이다. 혈액내방사선 조사량이 안전용량 범위(200rad)에 속하며 48시간 후 체내잔류량은 서양인과 큰 차이가 없었다.비출현의 소견을 보이는 악성종양 환자의 골 신티그람 53개중 44개 (83.0%)에서 척추 및 늑골에 미만성, 또는 다발성 침습이 관찰되었다. 또 골전이 부위를 두개골, 척추, 견대부, 늑골, 골반, 사지의 근위부 장골의 6개 부위로 나누어 분석할 경우 49개(92.5%)에서 3부위 이상에 전이가 발견되었고, 35개(66.0%)에서 4부위 이상에 전이가 발견되었으며, 5부위 이상, 6개 부위에 모두 전이가 발견된 것은 각각 20개 (37 7%), 11개(20.8%)이었다. 이상의 성적으로 보아 악성종양 환자의 골 신피그라피에서 신장 영상의 비출현은 종양의 광범위한 골전이를 간접적으로 시사하는 소견으로 생각된다. 여러 악성종양중 전립선암에서 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도가 가장 높았으며, 특히 위암에서 골전이 및 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도가 높음은 주목할 만한 것이라 하겠다.출한 결과 인,규소 증가와 자가영양성 미소플랑크톤(ANP)증가에 미치는 요인이 해안과 외해에서 동일하게 가장 큰 설명력을 보였다. N:P 비도 해안에서 36.4, 외해에서 32.6을 보이고 있어 인이 상당히 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 조사해역은 인이 식물플랑크톤 성장에 중요한 제한요인으로 작용하고 있다고 판단된다.의 회전. 전위력의 강도, 적용시점, 그리고 키, 체중등의 신체적 요인 등이 있으나 능숙한 기계사

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.67-70
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• 2000

최근 네트워크 서비스 및 분산 컴퓨팅 환경의 급격한 발전과 더불어 인터넷 기반 지리정보 시스템과 이 기종 시스템간에 상호 운용성을 지원하는 분산 지리정보시스템의 기술이 혁신적으로 발전하게 되었다. 현재 이러한 상호 운용성과 더불어 기 구축된 시스템의 재 사용성을 극대화하기 위하여 개방형 컴포넌트 소프트웨어 기술이 발표[1]되었으며, 최근 발표되는 지리정보시스템들도 이러한 개방화와 컴포넌트화 기술을 채택하여 개발되고 있다. 이러한 개방형 컴포넌트 소프트웨어 기술은 컴퓨터 소프트웨어 산업 전반에 커다란 파급 효과를 끼치고 있다. 지리정보시스템 분야에서는 OpenGIS Consortium(OGC)을 주축으로 하여 개방형 컴포넌트 지리정보시스템을 위한 표준 구현 사양을 발표하고 있으며, 이러한 표준 사양을 수용한 제품들이 개발되고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 분산 환경에서 다양한 관계형 데이터베이스시스템을 이용하여 OGC가 제시한 OLE/COM 기반의 데이터 제공자 컴포넌트의 설계 및 구현에 중점을 두고 있다. 본 시스템의 데이터 제공자 컴포넌트는 순수한 관계형 데이터베이스시스템 기반 위에서 구성되므로, 우선 OGC에서 요구하는 GIS 관련 핵심 기능들을 제공하기 위해서 우선 관계형 데이터베이스와 ODBC를 이용하여 공간엔진을 구성하고 있다. 본 공간 엔진은 OGC 사양을 충족하기 위해서 이용되는 최소한의 기능-공간데이터 관리 기능, 공간 연산 처리, 공간 색인 기능 그리고 클라이언트와 통신하기 위한 기능-들을 포함하고 있다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 이러한 공간 엔진의 기반 위에서 OGC OLE DB 제공자 컴포넌트의 설계 및 구현 방법에 대해서 자세히 살펴보고 실제 SQL Server 7.0 환경에서 구축된 공간 엔진 및 OLE DB 제공자 컴포넌트의 구현 예에 대하여 살펴볼 것이다. 혈액내방사선 조사량이 안전용량 범위(200rad)에 속하며 48시간 후 체내잔류량은 서양인과 큰 차이가 없었다.비출현의 소견을 보이는 악성종양 환자의 골 신티그람 53개중 44개 (83.0%)에서 척추 및 늑골에 미만성, 또는 다발성 침습이 관찰되었다. 또 골전이 부위를 두개골, 척추, 견대부, 늑골, 골반, 사지의 근위부 장골의 6개 부위로 나누어 분석할 경우 49개(92.5%)에서 3부위 이상에 전이가 발견되었고, 35개(66.0%)에서 4부위 이상에 전이가 발견되었으며, 5부위 이상, 6개 부위에 모두 전이가 발견된 것은 각각 20개 (37 7%), 11개(20.8%)이었다. 이상의 성적으로 보아 악성종양 환자의 골 신피그라피에서 신장 영상의 비출현은 종양의 광범위한 골전이를 간접적으로 시사하는 소견으로 생각된다. 여러 악성종양중 전립선암에서 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도가 가장 높았으며, 특히 위암에서 골전이 및 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도가 높음은 주목할 만한 것이라 하겠다.출한 결과 인,규소 증가와 자가영양성 미소플랑크톤(ANP)증가에 미치는 요인이 해안과 외해에서 동일하게 가장 큰 설명력을 보였다. N:P 비도 해안에서 36.4, 외해에서 32.6을 보이고 있어 인이 상당히 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 조사해역은 인이 식물플랑크톤 성장에 중요한 제한요인으로 작용하고 있다고 판단된다.의 회전. 전위력의 강도, 적용시점, 그리고 키, 체중등의 신체적 요인 등이 있으나 능숙한 기계사용과 정확한 슬관절 위치에서 검사할 때 전방 십자 인대 파열에 대한 진단에 유용한 기구이다.태라고 하였다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 근거를 바탕으로 개방형 문제의 유형을 다양한 답이 존재하는 문제, 다양한 해결 전략이 가능한 문제, 답이 없는 문제, 문제 만들기, 일반화가 가능한 문제 등으로 보고, 수학적 창의성 중

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1996

Purpose : This study was done to analyze survivals, patterns of failure, and complications of early uterine cervix cancer after curative radiotherapy. Materials and Methods : Eighty patients with uterine cervix cancer FIGO Stage IB (48 cases) and Stage IIA (32 cases) treated with radiotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were treated from November 1985 to May 1993, and minimum follow up period was 24 months and 6 cases were lost to follow up. All of them were treated with external radiotherapy and different fractions of high dose rate intracavitary radiotherapy, Survival rates, failure patterns, complication rates and degrees of severity were analyzed according to several factors. Results : Overall 5 year survival rate and relapse free survival rate were $72.3\%$, and $72.8\%$ respectively. Prognostic factors were stage, size, pathology, RT response and there was no significant survival difference among the reasons of radiotherapy choice. There were 19 cases of treatment failure, another 3 cases were not tumor related death, and most of treatment related failure occurred within 24 months Late complication rate of bladder and rectum were $8.8\%,\;15\%$ respectively, frequency and severity of complication were correlated with ICR fractionation dose and total dose. Conclusion : These results showed that survival rates of early stage radiation treated cervix cancer patients were comparable to surgical series, but more aggressive treatment methods needed for stage IIA poor prognostic patients. To decrease late complication, choice of proper ICR dose and meticulous vaginal packing is needed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.379-393
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• 2006

Objectives: We are aimed to identify anti-tumor effects of Curcuma aromatics on some kinds of cancer cells through molecular biologic methods. Materials & Methods: We used 4 kinds of cancer cell lines such as lung cancer cells(AS49), cervical cancer cells(HeLa), glioma cancer cells(A172) and prostate cancer cells(PC3). We treated the boiled extract of Curcuma aromatica $5{\mu}g,\;10{\mu}g$ to cultural media(ml) for 24 hours. We measured the cytotoxicitv on 4 kinds of cancer cells through tryphan blue exclusion test and the suppressive effect on viability of 4 kinds of cancer cells via MTT assay. We measured change of mitochondria membrane potential via flow cytometry. The quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine the effect on the revelation of Bcl-2 and Bax which are genes related to apoptosis. We examined the effect on the revelation of Bcl-2 Protein and Bar protein by western blot analysis. Results : In the experiment of tryphan blue exclusion test, the extract of Curcuma aromatica showed more significant killing effect on AS49, HeLa than the control group with density dependent manner, which was statistically significant. In the experiment of MTT assay the extract of Curcuma aromatica showed more suppressive effect on viability of A549, HeLa than the control group with density dependent manner, which was statistically significant. Curcuma aromatica induced apoptosis by decreasing the membrane potential of mitochondria in A549, HeLa. In the experiment of the revelation of genes related to apoptosis, the revelation of Bcl-2 decreased and the revelation of Bax increased in A549, HeLa treated with Curcuma aromatica with dose dependent manner. In the experiment of the revelation of protein related to apoptosis, the protein levels of Bcl-2 decreased and the protein levels of Bax increased in AS49, HeLa treated with Curcuma aromatica with dose dependent manner. Conclusions: From this study, we can infer that Curcuma aromatica has anti-tumor effect on lung cancer cells and uterine carcinoma cells but not on glioma cells and prostate cancer cells.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 1998

The present study was performed to observe characteristics of the lifE history of Echinoparvphium recunpatum under both natural and laboratory conditions in Korea. A batch of Rcnix aunculnria corecna was collected from Sunamchon, one of the stream of West Naktonggang (River), in Kangso-gu, Pusan during August and September 1992. Out of 106 snails examined by crushing,52 (49.0%) were infected with larval E. recurvaum i.e. rediae, cercariae and metacercariae. Cercariae naturally shed from snails encysted in the snails of same species and loaches, but not in mud-snails. Adult worms were detected from chicks and ducks experimentally infected with metacercariae, but not from rats and mice. The average recovery rate of adults from chicks was 13.1%. Rediae were sac-like, $2.437{\;}{\times}{\;}0.317{\;}mm$ in average size, with a muscular pharynx and a brownish cecum which reached the anterior half of the body. Cercariae consisted of a spindle-shaped body ($0.262{\;}{\times}{\;}0.129{\;}mm$ in average) and a rod-like tail ($0.528{\;}{\times}{\;}0.056{\;}mm$ in average). In the cercarial body, 45 collar spines were observed on the head crown, and double rows of excretory ducts with fine granules were laterally arranged between the pharynnx and the ventral sucker. Metacercariae were spherical, $0.144{\;}{\times}{\;}0.142{\;}mm in average size, with thick hyaline outer and thin elastic inner walls, and many excretory granules. Adults were slender and more attenuated in the anterior end, $0.2760{\;}{\times}{\;}0.550{\;}mm$ in average size, and had 45 collar spines including four end group spines on both ventral corners. From the above results, it was confirmed that R. auriculnna corennc plays a pivotal role in the life cycle of 5. recuwatum as the first and/or second intermediate hosts in Korea.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.331-334
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• 2016

Purpose: Advanced cancer may accompany cold sweat as paraneoplastic symptom. Few studies have been performed on the efficacy of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in advanced cancer patients who sweated without fever. Methods: To select study participants, medical records were retrospectively reviewed for patients who satisfied the following criteria: 1) incurable, advanced solid cancer; 2) Cold sweating of 4 or higher on the numeric rating scale (NRS) 4; 3) No evidence of infection or hypoglycemia; 4) No newly started opioid or anti-hormonal agents within one month; 5) NSAID prescription for the management of cold sweating and 6) Documented NRS information before and after NSAID administration. Results: A total of 13 patients were selected after excluding four patients due to lack of NRS information or fever. The mean age was 59 years old (range: 50~71), and nine patients (69%) were male. Bile duct cancer was the most common primary tumor followed by pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer and prostate cancer. The mean NRS of cold sweating dropped from baseline 6.5 (min-max: 4~10) to 1.9 at the follow-up assessment (min-max: 0~5). The mean follow-up period was 9.1 days (range: 2~30 days) from NSAID treatment to assessment. Conclusion: NSAID was effective medication for management of sweating without fever in patients with advanced cancer.