• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.93-108
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• 2019

Recently, air pollution from the marine ports has become a serious issue all over the world. Because marine trade accounts for 99.7% of Korea's trade, efforts are required to recognize the level of port pollution and establish environmental policies. This study estimates air pollution emitted during the berthing process in the Gwangyang and Ulsan ports. Data on ship activity and characteristics are collected and reasonable methodologies and factors from EEA and EPA are adopted. The results show that 253.09 tons of CO, 1986.61 tons of NOx, 684.01 tons of SOx, 47.88 tons of $PM_{10}$, and 44.69 tons of $PM_{2.5}$ are emitted at the Gwangyang port. Further, the Ulsan port emitted 212.28 tons of CO, 1712.54 tons of NOx, 573.72 tons of SOx, 40.16 tons of $PM_{10}$, and 37.48 tons of $PM_{2.5}$. A stage-by-stage plan for installing AMP infrastructure is suggested as part of a green port policy. This research provides the current pollution status and contributes guidelines for the direction of future policy.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.611-616
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• 2013

Many researches have been carried out consistently for the green ship owing to its economic increasement, efficiency and convenience. One of them is an electronic controlled marine diesel engine. However, we are suffered from dissemination of above engine, due to its anxiety about safety and reliability. In order to solve these problems in this study, emission characteristics test of main propulsive two-stroke diesel engine, equipped both electronic control and cam drive fuel injection systems, has been performed and evaluated under the various load conditions. From the test results, we have confirmed that exhaust gas emission characteristics of the electronic control system is similar to the cam drive system in eco-mode operation, but NOx in emission mode has been decreased 100ppm or more in full load condition. HC emission from the electronic control system is decreased 10~20ppm at 50% load, and 35~40ppm at 25% load in comparison to cam drive system. In fuel consumption, it is considered that 7g/kWh is decreased than the value of cam drive system at 700bar of injection pressure, which is 200bar higher than cam drive system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.772-777
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• 2003

선박이 배출하는 안정수(ballast water)는 외부로부터 유해 생물들이 유입되어 전파해 오는 주요경로로써 해양환경의 매우 중요하고 위험한 일종의 하나이지만, 이에 대한 효과적인 처리방법은 아직까지도 개발되지 못하였다. 그러나 최근 강 전리방전을 이용하여 고 밀집 산소와 물분자를 고농도 수산자유기(OH: hydroxyl radical)로 전리, 활성입자를 발생시켜 신속히 확산시키면 넓은 범위에서 비교적 낮은 농도로 유해성 침입 생물을 잔류물 없이 저렴한 비용으로 살균제나 촉매제의 사용 없이 소멸시켜 처리하는 효과적인 새로운 녹색방법을 제안하였다. 또한, 수산기는 강 산화제로써(산화환원 전위는 2.80 eV), 적조생물을 신속, 효과적으로 사멸시켜 잔유물과 오염물 발생 없이 이상적으로 해양적조현상을 처리할 수 있는 활성물질이다. 고출력 강 전리장치를 활용하면 수산기 활성제의 발생 농도를 Sr104 이상으로 얻을 수 있으므로, 해양적조처리에 요구되는 문턱 값 농도(~l$\times$$10^{-6}$)를 충족시킬 수 있으며, 이 경우 적조생물 소멸처리시간은 불과 10 sec 내외이므로 선박 안정수 처리문제와 함께 적조발생의 난문제를 해양동력학적으로 동시에 해결할 수 있는 효과적인 기술이다. 실험결과로부터 시간당 1 k톤의 활성물질을 발생하는 수산기활성제 제조장치의 경우, 약 4$\times$$10^2$ $\textrm{km}^2$/h의 적조해면을 처리할 수 있으며, 그 비용은 약 US$l,000 정도에 상당하므로, 적조에 따른 경제손실과는 비교될 수 없는 저렴하고 효과적인 방법이다. 활성물질의 생성시간과 가공시간은 불과 수십 $\mu\textrm{s}$ 및 수 sec 에 불과하므로, 1 kton/h 용량의 수산기활성제 제조장치의 환산소비동력은 약 200 kW이고, 장치의 체적은 10~30 ㎥의 공간으로 충분하므로, 소형선박으로 상당면적의 적조피해를 효과적으로 해결할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.121-127
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• 2002

Environmental protection on the ocean has been interested and nowadays the International Maritime Organization(IMO) has advanced on the prevention of air pollution from ships. This study presents the emission characteristics of 4 stroke propulsion diesel engine in E2 cycle (constant speed) and E3 cycle (propeller curved speed). Also the effects of important operating parameters in terms of intake air pressure and temperature, and maximum combustion pressure are described on the specific emissions. Emissions measurement and calculation are processed according to IMO Technical Code. The results show that NOx emission level in E3 cycle is higher than E2 cycle due to lower engine speed and lower maximum combustion pressure by retarding fuel injection timing. Intake air temperature has strong influence on NOx emission production. And CO, HC emissions are not affected by maximum combustion pressure and intake air pressure and temperature.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.35-49
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• 2018

Busan Port handles more than 75% of the domestic freight volume and is ranked at 6th for global shipping in the world. This paper aims to estimate ship emission in North Port that is the center of Busan Port and located near the residential area. The emission for each type of ship is calculated applying a emission model proposed by U.S. EPA and the atmospheric diffusion pattern of the exhaust gas according to the season, the weather condition and the time was identified using CALPUFF Model. As a result, the major pollutants of $NO_x$, $SO_x$ and PM10 were 30,853 tons, 36,281 tons and 6,856 tons, respectively, and the highest rate was 42% in oil tankers. On clear days, air pollution was stagnant around the harbor, spread widely on windy days, and tended to be thinner on rainy days. The research contributes to recognizing the seriousness of air pollution and can be used as basic data for policy making in the future.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.762-767
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• 2016

High thermal efficiency and the ability to use various types of fuel are a few of the many advantages of diesel engines. However, a major disadvantage is that their exhaust emissions are more harmful to humans and the environment than that of conventional engine. Consequently, the provisions of the international emissions standards for diesel engine equipped passenger cars, commercial vehicles, and ships have become more stringent. These standards include the EU Euro 6, the IMO MEPC Tier 3, and the US EPA Tier 4. Ryu et al. published a study that applied fuel additives to two-stroke diesel engines. In this study, a four-stroke diesel engine using diesel oil for a generator is utilized as the test subject, and an experiment is performed to verify whether fuel additive can be used to improve performance and exhaust emissions. In addition, this experimental study presents research results for the application of fuel additives in both two-stroke and four-stroke diesel engines. The experimental results were compared and analyzed by placing an oil-soluble calcium-based organometallic compound in diesel oil. The results confirmed that the addition of fuel additive improved the performance (fuel consumption rate, exhaust gas temperature) and exhaust emissions (NOx, CO) of the diesel engine.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.399-404
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• 2021

From 1 January 2020, the limit for Sulphur in fuel oil used on board ships operating outside designated emission control areas will be reduced to 0.5 %. This regulation by international maritime organization (IMO) is able to significantly reduce the amount of Sulphur oxides (SOx) discharging from ships and should have environmental advantages and health for all over the world. To meet the regulation, in these days, wet scrubber system is being actively developed. However, this process leads to make washing wastewater. In this study, we evaluated ion exchange resin system in accordance with scrubber wastewater discharge regulation by IMO. Theoretical wastewater used as feed solution of lab scale water treatment systems. The results revealed that nitrate ion was removed selectively in spite of high TDS wash wastewater solution depending on ion exchange resin property. Moreover, it was possible to improve efficiency of the system by optimizing operating conditions.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.132-136
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• 1993

Attempt was made to identify potential pollutants in Korean Sean and to assess their environmental qualities. Existing pollution data for these Seas so scarce that environmental quality assessment was not possible. However, numerous pollutants were identified. Among them, heat and radioactivity from electric power plants, organic wastes from ocean dumping and land based sources, and accidentally spilled oils are suspected to be of most concern.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.404-406
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• 2009

This study note wished to introduce special-purpose ship for algae removal that is developed by core technology of our country. The ship is consisted of main frame and adjuvant that can attach and detach as cross (+) shape of a character. The characteristics of ship are super light weight and low draft. That is consisted of four devices as suction, collection, filtration and recovering units. Among these, filtration used screen filter (mesh size 30 ${\mu}m$). Also, can separate and remove water and algae by compression air participle notion. Percentage of moisture content of concentrated algal particle was 85%. Water parted with algae finally is exhausted to water area. Removal efficiency that compare by chlorophyll-$\alpha$ concentration was about 57% (inflow: 83.2 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, outflow: 35.8 $[\mu}g\;L^{-1}$) without physical and chemical pretreatment. Forward, need to achieve effect test in various conditions (algal biomass, flow etc.) for efficiency and technological elevation of exclusion device. We wished to contribute in presuppression system construction of massive algal development that manage blue-green algae occurrence area effectively, and prevents spread as lower part of reservoir.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.88-101
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• 2013

The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ship's Ballast Water and Sediments was adopted at 2004 and then various BWMS (ballast water management system) have been developed. In this study, WET (whole effluent toxicity) test with algae (diatom) Skeletonema costatum as primary producer, invertebrate (rotifera) Brachionus plicatilis as 1st consumer and fish (olive flounder) Paralichthys olivaceus as predator, chemical analysis and ERA (environmental risk assessment) were conducted to assess the unacceptable effect on marine ecosystem by emitting the discharge water treated with AquaStar$^{TM}$ BWMS using electrolysis as main treatment equipment for removing the marine organisms in the ship's ballast water. The most sensitive test organism on discharge water treated with AquaStar$^{TM}$ BWMS was S. costatum that gave the NOEC value of 25.00%, LOEC value of 50.00% and 72hr-$EC_{50}$ value of 69.97% from WET test result for 20 psu salinity treated discharge water. NOEC and LOEC value of B. plicatilis and P. olivaceus exposed at 20 psu salinity treated discharge water were 50.00% and 100.00%, respectively. In the chemical analysis results, total number of substances produced by AquaStar$^{TM}$ BWMS was 18 which were bromate, 7 volatile halogenated organic compounds, 7 halogenated acetic acids, 3 halogenated acetonitriles and chloropicrin. Eighteen substances did not consider as persistence and bioaccumulative chemicals. Uncertainty of toxic property of 18 substances was high. PECs of 18 substances calculated by MAMPEC model were ranged from $4.58{\times}10^{-4}$ to $4.87{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, PNECs of them were ranged from $1.6{\times}10^{-2}$ to $3.2{\times}10^2{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$. And, the PEC/PNEC ratio of 18 substances did not exceed 1. Therefore, ERA for produced substances indicate that the discharge water treated with AquaStar$^{TM}$ BWMS does not pose unacceptable effect on marine life. And $EC_{50}$ value of S. costatum on discharge water treated by BWMS using the electrolysis had positive correlation with initial TRO concentration, concentration and kind & level of HAAs.