• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.644-648
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• 2005

Supernumerary tooth was resulted from excessive proliferation of dental lamina and associated with familial tendency and a congenital syndrome such as Cleidocranial dysostosis or Gardner's syndrome. Incidence reports identify a range of $0.3{\sim}0.8%$ in primary dentition, $1.0{\sim}3.5%$ in permanent dentition with males being affected twice as frequently as females, maxilla nine times as frequently as mandible. The most common supernumerary tooth is the mesiodens, which located between the maxillary central incisors, and the next common site is the fourth molar and lateral incisors. Supernumerary teeth are uncommon in the mandible, but premolars are the most common supernumerary teeth and occurrence is very rare in the incisor region of the mandible and the incidence is 2%. We need a early diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan because of possiblilty of diastema and eruption failure displacement, rotation of the associated permanent teeth, root resorption and dentigerous cyst with presence of the supernumerary teeth. In this two case, one supernumerary tooth located in the mandibular incisor region, the other supernumerary tooth located in premolar region. We could get normal alignment of mandibular dentition by extraction and orthodontic treatment.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2008

he purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of dental hygienists about medical malpractice and dispute. The subjects in this study were 206 dental hygienists at dental clinics, on whom a survey was conducted. After SPSSWIN 14.0 program was utilized to analyze the collected data, the following findings were given: 1. As for experiences of being complained from patients by age, the dental hygienists who were at the age of 21 to 23 made up the largest age group (39.2%) who had ever meet patients who had grievances. By career, those who had worked for less than a year constituted the greatest group (30.4%) who had the same experiences. It indicated that the dental hygienists who were younger and had a less career had been more complained from patients. 2. In terms of problems posed by patients, scaling came into question the most (14.5%), followed by diagnosis (14.4%), impression (12.9%) and radiography (11.0%). 3. Regarding perception of scaling treatment, 90.8 percent, the greatest percentage, kept records of patients about scaling. As to how to do that, 34.5 percent, the largest percentage, wrote it down and then signed their name. Concerning the way of explaining how to take care of oral health, 82.5 percent gave an explanation without any prints. 4. As to knowledge on the medical law, they got a mean of 12.34 out of possible 16 points. 5. Concerning the necessity of education about the prevention of medical accidents and countermeasures, 70.4 percent felt the strong and urgent need for that.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.40-51
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• 1991

A Propeller design method using the newly developed blade section(KH18), which behaves better cavitation characteristics, is presented. Experimental results for two-dimensional foil sections show that the lift-drag curve and the cavitation-free bucket diagram of the new blade section are wider comparing to those of the existion NACA sections. This characteristic of the new section is particularly important for marine propeller applications since angle of attack variation of the propeller blade operating behind a non-uniform ship's wake is relatively large. A lifting surface theory is used for the design of a propeller with the developed section for a 2700 TEU container ship. Since the most suitable chordwise loading shape is not known a priori, chordwise loading shape is chosen as a design parameter. Five propellers with different chordwise loading shapes and different foil sections are designed and tested in the towing tank and cavitation tunnel at KRISO. It is observed by a series of extensive model tsets that the propeller(KP197) having the chordwise loading shape, which has less leading edge loading at the inner radii and more leading edge loading at the outer radii of 0.7 radius, has higher propulsive efficiency and better cavitation characteristics. The KP197 propeller shows 1% higher efficiency, 30% cavitation volume reduction and 9% reduction of fluctuating pressure level comparing to the propeller with an NACA section. More appreciable efficiency gain for the new blade section propeller would be expected by reduction of expanded blade area considering the better cavitation characteristics of the new blade section.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2013

Cyclic neutropenia is a hematologic disorder characterized by a marked decrease in the number of circulating neutrophils occurring at regular intervals and after this period, the level of neutrophils usually recovers to a normal range. The clinical symptoms of cyclic neutropenia include fever, malaise, headaches and oral findings associated with painful soft tissue ulceration where lips, tongue and gingiva are typically involved. A 4 year 1 month old boy was presented to the hospital. His chief complaint was mobility of his teeth and swollen gums. The patient had suffered from cyclic neutropenia. Clinical examination revealed evident decay on all primary teeth except for the mandibular anterior teeth and localized alveolar bone loss around mandibullar right and left first primary molars which have mobility was notable. The patient was diagnosed with multiple dental caries, gingivitis and localized periodontitis associated with cyclic neutropenia and treated based on it. The dental treatment, including regular tooth care and appropriate treatment of dental caries or gingivitis, is essential for patients suffering cyclic neutropenia. Especially, proper care at an early stage is needed for young patients to minimize the unwanted consequences for permanent teeth development.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.143-150
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• 2009

Deicing salt is used to melt snow and ice on the road for traffic safety during the winter season, which accumulates in the roadside vegetation and induces visible injuries. The damage may accelerate particularly when it coincides with early spring leaf out. In order to better understand the response mechanisms, C. kousa (3-year-old) was irrigated twice prior to leaf bud in a rhizosphere with solutions of 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0% calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$) concentration, that were made by using an industrial $CaCl_2$ reagent practical deicing material in Seoul. Physiological traits of the mature leaves were progressively reduced by $CaCl_2$ treatment, resulting in reductions of total chlorophyll contents, chlorophyll a:b, photosynthetic rate, quantum yield, stomatal conductance, $F_V/F_M$, and NPQ. On the contrary, light compensation point and dark respiration were increased at high $CaCl_2$ concentration. A decrease in intercellular $CO_2$ concentration by stomatal closure first resulted in a reduced photosynthetic rate and then was accompanied by low substance metabolic rates and photochemical damage. Based on the reduction of physiological activities at all treatments ($CaCl_2$ 0.5%, 1.0%, and 3.0%), C. kousa was determined as one of the sensitive species to $CaCl_2$.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to verify whether the relationship between gratitude disposition and psychological well-being of college students shows a mediating effect of self-esteem The final 211 copies of the data were used in the analysis for the study, which was collected as students attending the university located in Group C. The data were statistically processed using SPSS 21.0 and the hierarchical regression analysis was performed to analyze the collected data. The results of the study are summarized as follows: Looking at the impact of the first-phase gratitude disposition on self-esteem, it was found that gratitude disposition was significant to self-esteem. Looking at the impact of the second-phase gratitude disposition on psychological well-being, gratitude disposition was significant to psychological well-being. Since the three-stage gratitude disposition was significant to psychological well-being, self-esteem can be seen to have partial medias. The results of this study confirmed that gratitude disposition was necessary as psychological resources to promote psychological well-being of university students, and self-esteem had a mediating effect. It is hoped that this research result will be used as a basis for the development of programs to improve gratitude disposition and self-esteem in order to promote the psychological well-being of college students.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.347-376
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• 2021

Investigating and evaluating regionally distributed plant resources provide fundamental information (inventory) to conserve plant diversity in target areas. Nevertheless, the examination of inventory to collect information in areas with little interest has been insufficient. In this study, the vicinity of Mt. Baegamsan(1,004m) was investigated for plant resources in the central and southern part of the Korean peninsula, which has received low interest. Nine surveys identified a total of 638 taxa consisting of 108 families, 339 genera, 572 species, 12 subspecies, 49 varieties, and 5 forms. One taxon was designated to be the endangered wild plant by the Ministry of Environment, and a total of 29 taxa were designated to be endemic species in Korea. Floristic target species identified by the surveys included 1 taxon for grade V, 13 taxa for grade IV, 36 taxa for grade III, 29s taxa for grade II, and 34 taxa for grade I. A total of 38 taxa were identified to be naturalized plants, and 3 of them were designated as invasive alien plants by the Ministry of Environment. There was a difference in plant distribution between western and eastern areas of Mt. Baegamsan. The endangered and valuable plants for conservation were mainly identified from Mt. Baegamsan peak area, the ridge, and the western area. Considering the plant distribution, the Mt. Baegamsan region, located on Nakdong-jungmaek, was estimated to be dispersal routes for plant expansion and retreat.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.529-548
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• 2022

This study was performed systematic review and meta-analysis for a comprehensive analysis of the empowerment related variables of clinical nurses in South Korea. Analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guideline, and a total 71 papers were selected. Antecedent variables of empowerment were a total of 16 variables and 56 effect sizes, and showed the total effect size of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.31~0.44). Outcome variables empowerment were a total of 12 variables and 105 effect sizes, and the showed total effect size of 0.45 (95% CI: 0.41~0.48). This study showed the trends of studies and investigated the effect size of related variables objectively in the perspective of empowerment of Korean clinical nursing. This study has significance in that it presented the reliable evidence for the positive effect of empowerment on individuals, jobs, and organizations through reliable and valid research methodology.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.950-957
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• 2023

For safe mooring and towing between the ship and port, the equipment must be designed in accordance with the relevant international regulations. However, some small shipyards and engineering companies often do not fully comprehend the core contents. Therefore, the international regulations regarding towing and mooring equipment are reviewed and the bollard and chock are newly developed based on the Mooring Equipment Guideline 4 (MEG4) standards. A bollard is a mooring equipment used to fix a mooring rope to the hull. It has two columns and is mostly used in a figure eight pattern knots under the mooring condition. The chock, which is used to change the mooring rope direction coming into the ship from outside, is manufactured using a casting with curvature. The two mooring equipment are widely used in the stern, bow, and mid-side. Owing to the increase in the size of container vessels and LNG ships, the mooring rope load has increased and the safe working load of the mooring equipment must be revised. This study summarizes and examines the results of the allowable stress method obtained using finite element analysis modelling. To consider the mesh size effect, a reasonable criteria was suggested by referring the existing class guidance. Additionally, the safe working load was verified through nonlinear collapse analysis, and the elastic region against load increments was confirmed. Furthermore, the proposed evaluation method can be used to develop similar equipment in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.8-8
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• 1987

This paper describes on the distribution of the vibration and the noise produced on a skipjack pole and line training ship M/S Pusan 403 (243GT, 1,000ps) under the cruising or drifting condition. The vibration and the noise level were measured by use of protable vibration analyzer (B and K 3513) and sound level meter (B and K 2205), and so the vibration level was converted into dB unit. The check points were set through every decks and around important places of the ship. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. The vibration and the noise level 1) On the main deck, both the vibration and the noise level were highest at the vertically above the main engine, whereas the vibration level was the lowest in the bow store and the noise level beneath the bridge. 2) Under cruising condition, the vibration level around the cylinder head of main engine, port side of the engine room, on the shaft tunnel was 80, 67, 65 dB and the noise level 104, 87, 86 dB, respectively. 3) The vibration level on the vertical line passing through the bridge was the highest at the orlop deck with 60 dB and the lowest on the bridge deck with 55 dB, whereas the noise level the highest at the compass deck with 75 dB and the lowest at the orlop deck with 53 dB. 4) The vibration and the noise level on the open decks were the highest with 65 dB and 84 dB on the boat deck, whereas the vibration level was the lowest at the lecture room with 51 dB and the noise level the lowest at the fore castle deck with 57 dB. 5) On the orlop decks, both the vibration and the noise level were the highest at the engine room with 65 dB and 85 dB, and the lowest at bow store with 54 dB and 52 dB, respectively. Comparing with the vibration level and the noise level, the vibration level was higher than the noise level in the bow part and it was contrary in the stern part of the ship. 2. Vibration analysis 1) The vibration displacement and the vibration velocity were the greatest at the cylinder head of main engine with 100μm and 11mm/sec, and were the smallest at the compass deck with 3μm and 0.07mm/sec. They were also attenuated rapidly around the frequency of 100Hz and over. 2) The vibration acceleration was the greatest at the cylinder head with the main frequency of 1KHz and the acceleration of 1.1mm/sec super(2), and the smallest at the compass deck with 30KHz and 0.05mm/sec super(2).