• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.295-295
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• 1998

고속도로에서 교통류의 특성에 파악하여 교통류의 특성을 파악하여 동적행태로 교통상황을 분석하고 효과적인 제어전략, 시뮬레이션, 그리고 기하구조 개선등의 효율적이고 실용적인 적용을 위해서는 교통류의 정확한 모사가 필요하다. 시공간으로 표현되는 상태방정식을 포함하는 거시적 시뮬레이션 모델에 사용되는 연속류 모델은 이러한 교통류 특성을 모사하는데 적절하다. Lighthill과 Whitham(1955), Richard(1956)에 의해 일계도함수의 형태를 가지는 단순모델이 제시된 이후 모델의 결점을 보완하기 위해 많은 고계도 모델이 제시되었지만 고계도 모델이 가진 이론적인 결점에 대해서는 여러 연구들이 제시되어 있다. 또한 고계도 모델은 운동량 방정식의 유도, 정산, 구현의 어려움으로 널리 사용되기 힘들다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 만일 적절히 구현할 수 있다면 적용이 간단한 단순모델로도 보다 정확한 교통류 상황 모사가 가능하다. Ansorge는 혼잡교통류상황을 보다 정확하게 모사하기 위해 단순모델에 엔트로피 조건을 결합시킨 모델을 제시했다. Bui는 이 제안된 모델이 적절한 시뮬레이션 결과를 나타낸다는 것을 밝혔다. 그러나 이 모델은 차량의 재가속이 이루어지는 교통상황-stop-start wave의 경우 비현실적인 값을 가진다. 엔트로피조건에 의해 구해진 해는 실제보다 과다한 교통량을 추정하게 되는데 이런 결과는 위와 같은 교통상황에서 중요한 요소로 작용하는 가속효과가 무시되고 있기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 stop-start wave 조건에서 가속도에 경계치를 부여하여 교통류율을 상한경계조건을 제시함으로써 교통상황에 맞는 교통류율을 산정하는 방법에 대해 제안하고자 한다.환승이라는 특정대안변수(Specific alternative variable)를 첨가하여 그것이 수단선택에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 또한, 대중교통의 속성을 가지고 있는 지하철과 버스를 하나의 대안으로 묶어서 효용함수를 구한 다음 다시 승용차, 택시, 대중교통을 독립된 대안으로 두고 모형을 정립하는 NESTED LOGIT모형으로 파라메타를 추정하여 대중교통의 효용에 관해 분석·비교하였다. 본 논문에 이용된 자료는 공항을 이용하는 이용객들을 대상으로 직접 설문·면접조사한 자료이며 대상 교통수단은 승용차, 택시, 지하철, 버스로 설정하였다. 결과 적응형 알고리즘이 개개인의 최단시간 경로를 제공하는 사용자 평형 경로안내전략에 비해 교통혼잡도와 정체시간의 체류정도에 따라 3%에서 10%까지 전체통행시간을 절약할 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다.출발참, 구성대외개방선면축심, 실현국제항선적함접화국내항반적전항, 형성다축심복사식항선망; 가강기장건설, 개피포동제이국제기장건설, 괄응포동개발경제발전적수요. 부화개시일은 각 5월 26일과 5월 22일이었다. 11. 6월 중순에 애벌레를 대상으로 처리한 Phenthoate EC가 96.38%의 방제가로 약효가 가장 우수하였고 3월중순 및 4월중순 월동후 암컷을 대상으로 처리한 Machine oil, Phenthoate EC 및 Trichlorfon WP는 비교적 약효가 낮았다.>$^{\circ}$E/$\leq$30$^{\circ}$NW 단열군이 연구지역 내에서 지하수 유동성이 가장 높은 단열군으로 추정된다. 이러한 사실은 3개 시추공을 대상으로 실시한 시추공 내 물리검층과 정압주입시험에서도 확인된다.. It was result

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 2015

The powered purse seine fishery is an important fishery accounting for 19.4% of adjacent water fishery production in Korea, and the commercial fishing is associated with high rate of fatal and non-fatal occupational injury. The hazard analysis for the fishermen's safety of offshore large powered purse seiner was conducted to serve as a basic data for improving the healthy and safe working environment of fishermen using fishermen's occupational accidents of the national federation of fisheries cooperatives (NFFC) in 2013 (n=583). As a result, the occupational accident occurrence rate of this fishery was 182.6‰ in all industries 30.9 times the rate of that. In addition, death and missing rate was found to have a very serious level management to 25.1‰ in all industries of death of 17.5 times. The accident occurred in 72.3 to 85.8% was happened at sea. The others, slipping and struck by object etc occurred more frequently in order in the frequency of accident occurrence pattern. However, the occurrence rate of death and missing did not match the frequency of accident pattern. In other words, slipping occurred frequently higher while death and missing risk was not high. And the contact with fishing gear and fall in the waters was low while death and missing risk was high. The results are expected to contribute for identification and assessment of safety hazard occurred in offshore large powered purse seiners.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.452-468
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• 2012

Marine organisms were collected by the stow nets and the stow net on boat fisheries from April 2010 to November 2011 in the Han River Estuary and categorized as 126 species, 61 families, and 5 taxa. The species were consisted with 34 in Crustacea, 5 in Cephalopoda, 79 in Pisces, unidentified jellyfishes in Cnidaria, and Finless porpoise in Mammals. The major species were composed of fish and crustaceans in the Han River Estuary. The dominant species in Crustacea were Chinese ditch prawn (Palaemon gravieri), blue crab (Portunus trituberculatus), Ridgetail prawn (Exopalaemon carinicauda), and mantis crab (Oratosquilla oratoria), and those in Pisces were Korean anchovy (Coilia nasus), and Japanese grenadier anchovy (Coilia mystus). The length structures of the six dominant species have more than one mode in the Han River Estuary. It reflects that the species inhibit during a part of and/or whole lifetime in the Han River Estuary where they utilize as spawning and/or nursery grounds. Freshwater fishes were collected from station D where is the closest location to the Han River stream, and their appearances were well matched with the large amount of freshwater discharge due to flood periods. Principal components analysis (PCA) was carried out with species compositions and showed temporal and spatial differences by the variations of species.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.91-105
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• 1999

본 연구는 필자가 미국 Oregon 주의 수산업사를 조사하던 중 1940년대부터 시작된 미국으로 이민 한 중국인들이 미국 서부 수산업에 미친 영향이 거대하다는 것을 발견하고, 이에 관련된 문헌을 찾아 최초 미국 서부(특히, California 주)에 이민하기 시작했던 중국 이민자들이 미국에서 수산업 활동을 시작한 배경과 그에 따른 영향 등을 살펴본 것이다. 중국인이 미국에 이민하기 시작한 배경은 두 가지가 있다. 하나는 국내적인 요인으로서 중국에서의 경제적 빈곤과 정치적 핍박이었고, 다른 하나는 국외적인 요인으로서 금캐기가 가능하다는 소식 등 미국 생활에 대한 동경이었다. 중국인의 미국 이민사에서 독특한 점의 하나는 중국 남부지 방에 위치한 광동성 지방민들이 절대적인 비중(90% 이상)을 차지하고 있다는 것이다. 가장 큰 이유는 광동성은 일찌기 외국문물이 드나드는 곳이어서 인근 광동성 지방민들은 다른 지방민보다 외국소식을 쉽게 접할 수 있었기 때 문이었다. 미국에 도착한 광동성 지방민들은 쉽게 직업을 구할수 없는 처지이 되자 그들이 익숙하게 알고 있는 바다생활에 뛰어들었고, 마침내는 미국 서부에서 진취적인 어업인이 되었다. 따라서 서부에서 최초의 상업적 어업인이 되었으며, 미국 서부에서 시작한 중국인의 수산업은 점차 다른 주로 퍼져 나갔다는 기록은 중국인이 미국 전역에서 최초의 상업적 어업인이었음을 알게 한다. 최초의 중국인 어촌은 1854년 San Francisco의 Rincon Point에 세워졌으며, 25척의 어선과 150여명의 주민이 살았다. 그들이 사용한 어구ㆍ어업은 통발, 정치망, 선망, 낚시, 연승 등이었으며, 중국풍의 어선과 어구를 직접 만들어 새우, 철갑상어, 대구, 우럭, 넙치, 게, 가재, 전복 등을 어획했다. 1888년에는 San Francisco 전역에 20개의 어촌이 형성되었고, 2천여명의 어업종사자가 있었다. 1900년부터는 점차 그 수가 줄기 시작하였다. 가장 크고 오래 지속된 어업은 새우어업은 1860년대부터 1940년 중반까지 계속되었으며, 이 어업에 의해 새우가 인근 지역의 보편적인 식품으로 자리하게 되었다. 인디언에 의해 단순한 장식품으로 사용되던 전복은 중국인에 의해 그 맛이 알려지게 되었고, 유럽이나 미국 동부로 팔려 나갔다. 상어 또한 중국인에 의해 먹기 시작하였으며, 내장에서 뺀 기름이 사용되기 시작하였다. 게를 잡기 위한 통발과 시장형성으로 San Francisco부두의 많은 부분이 차지되었다. 1880년대부터 시작된 해조류의 채취는 처음에는 인디언들에 의해 시작되었으나, 곧 중국인들에 의해 본격화되었다. 광동성 지방민들의 초속식품의 하나인 오징어를 잡기 위해 중국인들은 배를 만들어 야간에 횃불을 밝혔다. 오징어는 곧 San Francisco 주민은 물론 태평양 연안주와 미국 전역에 있는 중국식당에서 수요가 지속되었다. 중국인들은 1849년부터 연어를 상업적으로 잡기 시작하였으며, Washington주에서 시작되어 Oregon, British Columbia, Alaska로 퍼진 통조림 공장은 주로 중국인의 노동력에 의해 운영되었다. 위와 같이 중국인들이 미국 수산업 분야에서 크게 활동하자 미국인들은 그들의 수산업 활동을 제재 또는 통제하고자 일정한 납세를 명시한 각종 법률, 특히 The Chinese Exclusion Act 등을 제정하였다. 미국 서부에서 중국인의 수산업은 미국인의 법적 제재, 중국인의 다른 직업으로의 이직 등으로 1940년대를 끝으로 막을 내렸다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.307-330
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• 2016

This article aims to explain how Gangnam, as a model and standard of compressed urbanization in South Korea, was created. Gangnam and Gangnam-style urbanization need attention not only because they contrast with Korea's urbanization in the past as well as urbanization in the West but also they provide an important model in contemporary Korea's politics, economy and culture. However, there are little studies of how Gangnam's peculiar urbanism was created. To fill this gap, this article will first capture Gangnam's peculiar urbanism as a material landscape and sociocultural lifestyle. Gangnam-style urbanism is (a) materially characterized by high-rise apartment complexes owned by the middle and upper class for dwelling and asset growth and (b) socio-culturally characterized by political conservatism, public indifference, competition over academic performance, appearance, and fashion, and nightlife. Then it will show Gangnam's archetype was created in a spatially and temporally compressed way in and through the spatial selectivity of Korean anti-communist authoritarian developmental state strategies: (1) anti-communism led to the diffusion and accommodation of the population through apartments in Gangnam in the context of its confrontation with North Korea and the fast-growing population of Seoul; (2) military authoritarianism excluded the low-income class and the urban poor from urban development; and (3) the developmental state adopted selective housing policy which treated construction companies and the middle class preferentially through exceptional zoning and price distortions, promoting the construction of apartment in Gangnam and its resultant uneven development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.247-254
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• 1991

Mackerel purse seine fishery is one of the most important fisheries in Korea and its annual mean catch from 1982 to 1988 is 350 thousand tons. Between 1982 and 1988, the characteristics of catch at 5 sectors of the sea area was analyzed according to operating sea block and the catch by fishes based on the data obtained from daily report of fishing condition that had been made out by 48 Korean fishing boats engaged in the fishery of purse seine. In these 5 sectors of the sea area, catch per net hauling in the coastal area of Cheju Island is less than that in the other sectors. Accordingly, the shape of fishing gear during operation has been measured to analyzed the deformation of net shape caused by the bottom current. (The lunar calender is used in the paper) The results obtained are as follows; The average CPUE of purse seines is 31.6 tons and it is higher from October to April than that from May to September. In the 5 purse seine fishing grounds, the ratio of net haul in the coastal sea area of cheju Island is 42.4% and it is the highest level, but the CPUE is 25.7 tons which is relatively low level. Each CPUE in the sea areas is significant differences with 1% level. Index of seasonal variation of mackerel CPUE from May to October is lower than the standard value, whereas index from November to January is higher. The diameter of circle by net shooting becomes shorter to the minimum caused by the bottom current during loose set, becomes narrower and the efficiency of fish encirclement becomes lower. The shape of leadline by bottom current becomes long oval type along with current direction in the tight set, while it becomes long oval type in the direction of a right angle to the current direction and the enclosed area is reduced hurriedly, and the deformation of net is most serious in the loose set.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.129-159
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• 2017

This study examines the social recognition of teachers' treatment and teaching profession through the comparison and analysis of the teachers' remuneration systems in the Republic of Korea(hereafter, Korea) and Canada. For this purpose, literature review and qualitative research were conducted. As a result of comparing and analyzing the orientation of teachers' remuneration systems in both countries and perception of teachers, the following differences were found. First, in terms of the management philosophy of the remuneration system, Korea emphasized the efficiency of the national competitiveness dimension, while Canada focused on the interrelationship with development of individual-oriented competency. Second, although the remuneration systems for teachers in both countries are quite different, they have aimed at establishing a reasonable remuneration system, which considers equality in common. But the position on equality was different between the two countries. In the case of Korea, equity was considered by comparing the pay scale with those of other government employees, while equity in Canada mainly had to do with gender equality. Third, the teachers of both countries regarded the sense of duty and ethics as important qualities of the teaching profession, and they recognized the social safety net as an indicator of their social status. However, there was a difference in attitude toward the teaching profession. In Korea, it was deemed to be a stable and socially desirable profession, but the entry barriers were quite high and the remuneration system was relatively rigid. In Canada, on the other hand, it was easy to enter the teaching profession and the remuneration system was far less rigid. But teachers were more likely to quit or take a second job, and their social status fluctuated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.82-93
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• 2019

The International Labor Organization (ILO) selected fishing as the most dangerous group of jobs in the world, and it is well known in Korea as a 4D industry. Offshore large purse seine accounts for the largest portion of the fishing industry in the coastal region with high death rate and the accident rate. The repeated disaster rate survey by the Korea Maritime Institute (KMI) shows offshore large purse seiner is the highest at 22.3 percent and coastal gill nets and offshore stow net are following at 12.4 percent and 11.9 percent in order. Therefore, risk factors occurring in offshore large purse seiners were analyzed based on data from the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives (NFFC) for three years from 2015 to 2017 and 4M (Man, Machine, Media, Management) 3E (Engineering, Education, Enforcement) techniques were used to provide a safe fishing environment. The number of accidents on offshore large purse seiners each year was more than 150, and the number of accidents on every fishing boats was as high as 17 percent in 2015. If the accident rate and the risk level were divided by insurance, the accident resulting from contact with machinery was the highest, and the risk of a contact with gear was low but frequently occurring. This was caused by collisions and contact with gear in situations where death and disappearance risk are not high, and accident types in situations where death and loss risk are considered to be contact with machinery, falls or other accidents. Through these analysis techniques, the frequency and risk of each type of accident on a offshore large purse seiners can be demonstrated, and it is expected to raise awareness of a safer fishing environment and contribute to the reduction of accidents.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.225-232
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• 2020

In This paper examines how "Kamishibai" was used for ideological education of children during the war. "Kamishibai" was proposed by the Ministry of Education as a methodology to "cultivate children's right concentricity. In particular, , which was produced based on a true story, highlights the father's love sent to children by obtaining chocolate wrappers from comrades, and the children's envy for chocolate. Kazuo's interview, saying, "I will succeed my father," showed that he has a continuous personality that comes with another sacrifice. After the Sino-Japanese War, the war situation intensified, and in 1940, a new edict decided to enact the "Army Support Corps". This is a measure to select eligible youth applicants from 15 to 17 years of age, after training for 4 years, and then appoint them to aviation soldiers and sergeants. This is a legal maintenance that can be put into the battlefield at any time according to the trend of the war. Just as Kazuo, a real character in "Chocolate and Soldiers", also became a "boy flight soldier" after his father's death, flying airplanes to boys at the time was also a dream that Japan's great citizens should have. In the , it is suggested that "the father enshrined in Yasukuni" is a great person, and that "I" will also grow and become a "good citizen". In particular, the two brothers in the work show the value of eternal sacrifices in Yasukuni as a typical model of the "great people".

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.470-478
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• 2023

All people have human rights that should be protected, and today, the importance of protecting human rights is emphasized in all areas of society. The industry is also carrying out activities to protect the human rights of workers, such as implementing human rights education for human rights management and preparing a response system for human rights violations. However, due to the closed environment and special working conditions, seafarers on board are often placed in a blind spot in human rights protection. In particular, a number of cases of human rights violations concerning beginner seafarers, including cadets, have been identified, and relevant research is insufficient compared to other occupational groups. Jobs that restrict basic human rights cannot be envied by anyone. In this study, implications and problems were derived based on the results of a human rights survey of cadets, and cases of human rights violations, and improvement measures were proposed. The cadets had a very negative perception of human rights violations before boarding. However, it was found that their perception changed after boarding. It was confirmed that cadets have unnecessary fears and concerns before boarding. Improvement measures include the establishment of a legal system for the status of cadets, measures to alleviate non-physical human rights violations, improvement of human rights violations handling procedures and response systems, and enhancing the effectiveness of human rights education.