• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.685-692
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• 2002

It is very useful to estimate easily the various characteristics of streams and to manage objectively streams, as the order or grade among streams is determined by the natural characteristics and the degree of human utilization. With obtainable various statistics data and expert examination, we proposed the measurable evaluation index of "stream weight" considering the natural characteristics of streams, the utilization degree of streams and the social conditions of the regions crossed streams. The each stream weight is calculated as follows. Firstly, select the various factors which influence to streams in AHP. Secondly, determine the each weight of factors by the result of expert examination. Finally, sum up after multiplying the normalized factors by these two values. The stream weight can be used such divisions as the recognization of relative weight between streams, the determination of the stream management direction in the near future, the enhancement of the efficiency of stream management through the adjustment of the present stream grade and the determination of the management method concerned the stream weight as well.t as well.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.238-247
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• 2021

Diatoms are a type of microalgae which inhabits a wide variety of environments as one of the most important primary producers of freshwater and marine ecosystems. They have been widely used as bioindicators which represent the environmental characteristics, thus proper quality control of diatom data is very important to ensure for the researches from many scientists from various different regions to have scientific unity and objectivity. At present, diatom data analysis is primarily based both on morphological features and DNA sequences of given species. Challenge for the morphology-based analysis of diatoms is the consistent species identification among different taxonomists who interpret diatom community, while challenge for the molecular analysis of diatoms to secure reliable reference data. In the present study, we have reviewed the current status of data quality control of diatom analysis in Korea as well as the world. Finally, suggestions for the better data quality control for Korean marine diatoms have been also made.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 한국자원식물학회 2010년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.3-3
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• 2010

GM 들잔디의 환경위해성평가는 유전자변형생물체의 국가간이동등에 관한 법률 (2008년)에 안전관리 및 시험평가가 수행되었다. 일반적으로 GM 작물의 환경위해성평가는 도입 유전자의 안정적 발현여부, 일반적으로 사용되어온 식물과의 실질적 동등성, 화분비산에 의한 유전자이동성 검정, GM재배작물 주변 환경에 미치는 영향, GM작물 및 유전자의 인체 및 동물에 대한 안전성 평가, 위해성 관리 등이 있다. 본 발표에서는 제초제저항성 GM 들잔디를 실용화 하기위한 환경위해성평가의 내용을 소개하기 위하여 GM 들잔디의 안전성평가를 수행한 포장시험에 대해서 간략히 발표하고자 한다. GM 들잔디는 제초제저항성 유전자가 식물체내에 1개의 복제수를 갖으며, 후세대에서도 안정적으로 발현되었다. 또한 TAIL PCR을 통한 도입 유전자의 삽입 부위를 확인하였고, 주변염기서열을 이용한 JG21 들잔디 만의 특이적 염기서열을 얻었다. GM 들잔디의 실질적 동등성검정은 격리온실 수준과 격리포장 수준에 생물학적, 화학적 특성을 조사하였고, 일반 들잔디와 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. GM 들잔디의 화분은 일광조건하에서 약 1시간 이내에 불활성 되었고, 실내의 실온조건에서는 3시간까지 활성이 유지되었다. GM 들잔디 재배포장 ($12m{\times}6m$ 크기)으로부터 화분비산 밀도는 3 m 이내에서 높게 나타났고, 9 m 이상의 거리에서는 낮은 빈도로 일정하게 나타났다. 화분비산에 의한 GM 들잔디 유전자이동성은 근접거리에서 약 15%가 관찰되었고, 반경 3 m 이내에서 거리에 따라서 2 ~ 0.12%의 유전자이동성이 관찰되었다. 각각의 시험모형에 따른 GM 들잔디와 일반들잔디 간의 교잡율을 조사한 결과 들잔디 교잡율은 GM 잔디의 면적과 거리에 의존적이었고, GM 들잔디 면적에 따라서 6-21%의 교잡율이 나타났다. GM들잔디의 인체위해성평가는 독성 및 알레르기 반응성을 검정하였고, 도입유전자 산물인 PAT 단백질은 독성 및 알레르기 반응성이 없음이 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 GM들잔디의 독성 및 알레르기 반응성을 검토한 결과 아플라톡신 등의 독성은 검출되지 않았으나, GM과 일반 들잔디 모두에서 화분 알레르기 반응성이 양성으로 나왔다. 그러나 GM들잔디에 도입된 유전자에 의한 알레르기 반응이 아닌 일반들잔디 화분에 가진 알레르겐에 의한 반응성이라 할 수 있다. GM들잔디의 비의도적 방출가능성을 조사하기위하여 시험포장외부의 자연환경에 대해서 환경모니터링을 수행한 결과 GM 들잔디의 유출 및 유전자이동 의한 제초제저항성 들잔디는 나타나지 않았다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.503-524
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• 2021

A largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is an ecosystem disturbance fish species at the highest rank in the aquatic ecosystem, causing a serious imbalance in freshwater ecosystems. Although various attempts have been made to eradicate and control largemouth bass, no effective measures were found. Therefore, it is necessary to find an approach to maximize the effective population reduction based on the unique characteristics of largemouth bass. This study used the transcriptome analysis to derive 182,887 unigene contigs and select 12 types of final target sequences for applying the CRISPR/Cas9 system in the genes of IZUMO1 and Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein, which are proteins involved in sperm-egg recognition. After synthesizing 12 types of sgRNA capable of recognizing each target sequence, 12 types of Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes to be used in subsequent studies were prepared. This study searched the protein-coding gene of sperm-egg through the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and edited genes through the CRISPR/Cas9 system to induce infertile individuals that produced reproductive cells but could not form fertilized eggs. Through such a series of processes, it successfully established a composition development process for largemouth bass. It is judged that this study contributed to securing the valuable basic data for follow-up studies to verify its effect for the management of ecological disturbances without affecting the habitat of other endemic species in the same water system with the largemouth bass.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.354-366
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• 2022

To analyze the distribution of plant communities growing in river wetlands and the relationship between biotic and abiotic environmental factors, plant communities and environmental factors were investigated in river wetlands in the Boseong River. The Boseong River Wetland, the research site, consists of Hwapyeong Wetland, Bangujeong Wetland, and Seokgok Wetland. From June to September 2022, a plant community survey was conducted from the perspective of physiognomical vegetation, and the coverage of the emerging species followed the Braun-Blanquet scale. Plant species and the coverage of each species were recorded in the quadrant for plant community survey, and the cover of the quadrant, the total number of species, and the number of exotic species were measured as biological factors. As abiotic factors, altitude, orientation, inclination, soil texture, litter layer depth, dominant species diameter at breast height, and topography were recorded. In a total of 50 square plots, the most common Salix koreensis and Phragmites japonicus communities were found, and the community with the highest Shannon species diversity index was Phragmites japonicus-Echinochloa caudata community. As a result of ordination analysis by DCCA, the most significant clusters were separated according to topographic factors such as leeve, leeve slope, upper floodplain, lower floodplain, upper waterside, middle waterside, lower waterside, river island and opem water. As rare plants that need to be preserved in river wetlands, Hydrocharis dubia and Penthorum chinense were found in lower waterside, and it was found that the management of the river in the reservoir is necessary in line with the topographical distribution of ecosystem-disrupting plants, such as Paspalum distichum var. indutum.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.344-354
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• 2020

Identification of the target species of 2-MIB (2-methyllisoborneol) production is crucial in the management of off-flavor problem in the freshwater system. This study was conducted to identify 2-MIB-producing Pseudanabaena strains occurring in the North Han River system using molecular genetic method. Eleven phenotypes of Pseudanabaena were isolated from several mainstream sites of the North Han River, including Sambong-ri, Joam-myun, and Lake Uiam areas. Despite of morphological similarity of the strains, the phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA classified them into different species with low genetic similarity (40~55%). Isolated Pseudanabaena strains were converged to four species; Pseudanabaena cinerea, P. yagii, P. mucicola, and P. redekei. Among them, the 2-MIB synthesizing gene (mibC) was detected in P. cinerea, P. yagii, and P. redekei. However, actual 2-MIB production was detected only in P. cinerea and P. redekei based on gas chromatography analysis. This study is the first report of the molecular identification of Pseudanabaena strains and their 2-MIB production potential in Korea. The results of this study provides an evidence of species diversity of Pseudanabaena occurring in the North Han River.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.133-143
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• 2021

This study aims to classify the plant communities of the Gudam wetland, a riparian wetland in Nakdong River basin, and to identify the characteristics of the communities according to the veritical structure to prepare management plan. In the Gudam wetland, a total of 19 plant communities were found through physiognomical vegetation, and were analyzed by dividing into tree dominant community, shrub dominant community, and herbaceous dominant community according to the vertical structure. When examining the results of the community characteristics analysis, the species diversity index was the highest in the tree dominant communities but there was concern about a decrease in species diversity due to the influx of exotic plants such as Sicyos angulatus. The shrub dominant community tended to have a biased species diversity index on shrub plants. The herbaceous dominant communities ware divided into wetland herbaceous communities and dryland herbaceous communities according to the species diversity index, and measures were needed to reduce the species diversity index due to artificial disturbances. The importance value was the highest in the arboreal Salix genus in the tree dominant communities, and the exotic plants such as Amorpha fruticosa were the highest in the shrub dominant communities. In the herbaceous dominant communities, wetland herbaceous plants such as Phragmites japonicus were high. As a result of the analysis according to ordination the tree dominant communities and shrub dominant communities were differentiated by exotic plant factors, and the herbaceous dominant communities were differentiated by hierarchy number and slope.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.997-1002
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• 2004

This paper deals with the WASPIFA (Web-based Assistant System for Protein-protein Interaction and Function Analysis) system that can provide the comprehensive information on Protein-protein interaction and function concerned with function analysis. Different from existing systems for protein function and protein-protein interaction analysis, which provide fragmentary information restricted to specific field, our system furnishes end-user with comprehensive and synthetic information on the input sequence to be analyzed, including function and annotation information, domain information, and interaction relationship information. The synthetic information that our system contains as local databases has been extracted from many resources related to function, annotation, motif and domain by various pre-processing. Employing our system, end-users can evaluate and judge the synthetic results to do protein interaction and function analysis effectively. In addition, the WASPIFA system is equipped with automatic system management and data update function that facilitates system manager to maintain and manage it efficiently.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.251-263
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• 1997

Background : The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis presents a significant challange to the treatment and control of tuberculosis, and there is an urgent need to understand the mechanisms by which strains acquire multidrug resistance. Recent advances in molecular methods for the detection of M. tuberculosis genetic targets have approached the sensitivity of culture. Furthermore the prospect of determining resistance in mycobacteria at the nucleic acid level particulary to first-line drugs like rifampin, isoniazid has provided a glimps of the next generation of sensitivity test for M. tuberculosis. Previous studies in RMP resistant M. tuberculosis have shown that mutation in $\beta$subunit of RNA polymerase is main mechanism of resistance. Method : In this study, rpoB gene for the $\beta$subunit of RNA polymerase from M. tuberculosis of 42 cultured samples (32 were RMP resistant and 10 were sensitive cases) were isolated and characterised the mutations. Direct sequencing data were compared with the results of INNO-LiPA Line Probe Assay (LiPA, Innogenetics, Belgium), commercial RMP resistance detecting kit using reverse hybridization method. Results : All of the RMP resistant samples were revealed the presence of mutation by LiPA. In 22 samples (68.8%) out of 32 RMP resistant cases, the mutation types were confirmed by the positive signal at one of 4 mutation bands in the strip. The most frequent type was R5 (S531L) which were 17 cases (77.3%). Results of direct sequencing were identified the exact characteristics of 8 mutations which were not confirmed by LiPA. S522W type point mutation and 9 base pair deletion at codon 513~515 were new identified mutations for the first time. Conclusion : Mutations in rpoB gene is the main mechanism of RMP resistance in M. tuberculosis and LiPA is a very useful diagnostic tool for the early diagnosis of RMP resistance in M. tuberculosis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2021

This study developed a species identification method for the salted opossum shrimp of Acetes japonicus, A. chinensis (Korea, China), A. indicus (I, II), and Palaemon gravieri based on PCR-RFLP markers. Genomic DNA was extracted from the salted opossum shrimp. The COI gene was used to amplify 519 base pairs (bp) using specific primers. The amplified products were digested by Acc I and Hinf I, and the DNA fragments were separated by automated electrophoresis for RFLP analysis. When the amplified DNA product (519 bp) was digested with Acc I, A. japonicus, A. chinensis (Korea), and A. indius (II) showed two fragments, whereas a single band of 519 bp was detected in A. chinensis (China) and A. indius (I). Also, in the RFLP patterns digested by Hinf I, A. chinensis (Korea) and A. chinensis (China) showed a single band of 519 bp, while two fragments were observed in A. japonicus and A. indius (I) and four fragments in A. indius (II). The PCR amplicon of P. gravieri was digested by Acc I into 3 bands of 271, 202, and 46 bp and by Hinf I into a single band of 519 bp. Therefore, salted opossum shrimp-specific RFLP markers showing distinct differences between four species and two sub-species by PCR-RFLP analysis. Thus, the PCR-RFLP markers developed in this study are a good method for identifying the six types of salted opossum shrimp.