• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.383-389
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• 2019

Background: Ginseng has been used as a medicine and functional food since ancient times. It is a perennial crop, and its whose commercial valuse increases with growing period and is affected by the atmosphere and soil environment. Methods and Results: In a selected field, we measured air temperature under a shade structure and soil physicochemical properties, and determied plant and root growth as well as ginsenoside and total polyphenol content of one- to five-year-old ginsengs plants. Although air temperature above 30℃ was recored for more than 37 days, no marked growth inhibition of ginseng was detected. Among all soil physicochemical properties, except for pH, were within the allowable range the shortage increases with ginseng years. In five-year-old ginseng, the quantity is about 9.7% higher than the average weight by standard, indicating that is not affected by temperature when grown under a shade structure. Three-year-old ginseng contained the highest total ginsenoside and total polyphenol levels and exhibited the greatest DPPH radical scavenging activity. Conclusions: The total ginsenoside and protopanaxadiol/protopanaxatriol ratio were both low at five-year-old ginseng plants, which was attributed to rapid growth of the root system in five-year-oid plants. There were no significant differences in total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity between.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.390-396
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• 2019

Background: Usually ginseng seeds are sown during autumn and spring. Sowing in spring often results in poorer seedling establishment than in autumn. One of the reasons for poor germination could be cold-treatment condition for breakage of physiological dormancy during winter. Here we tested the effects of storage temperature used during cold treatment on germination. Methods and Results: Germination properties were observed after dehiscent seeds were stored as wet and dry at 2℃, -2℃, -3.5℃ and alternating temperature (AT). Seed dryness and storage temperature affected germination properties (p < 0.01). Wet and AT condition germinated highest, and wet and -3.5℃ condition germinated lowest, which was 91.2% and 1.4% respectively. Mean germination time (MGT) of the wet and AT condition was faster than other treatments at 2.4 days, and the dry and -2℃ condition was the longest. Germination performance index (GPI) was highest for wet and AT condition (37.7%) and the lowest for wet and -3.5℃ condition (0.5%). The growth of above-ground and below-ground were the best for wet and 2℃ condition, and wet seeds showed better growth than dry seeds (p < 0.01). Conclusions: For cold treatment, ginseng seeds may not be stored below -2℃ for successful germination during spring sowing.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.105-112
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• 2019

This study was conducted to examine experimentally the seismic performance of non-ductile reinforced concrete (RC) frames retrofitted with precast(PC) engineered cementitious composite (ECC) wall panels. The seismic performance was investigated through cyclic load tests on RC frame with different aspect ratio (h_w/l_w = 2 and 3) and installation position (center and both side of RC frame) of the PC ECC wall panels. Test results indicated that the seismic strengthening method using PC ECC wall panels is effective to improve significantly the strength, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity of non-ductile RC frame. Based on test results, it can be recommended to install PC ECC wall panel at the center of RC frame for improving the strength and to install slender wall panels at both side of RC frame for increasing ductility.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a nursing protocol for care of hospitalized foreign patients based on necessary nursing care and to evaluate content validity and practical applicability. Methods: A survey was conducted to identify the need for protocol development and to prioritize necessary content to be included in the protocol (N=110). A draft protocol was developed, and 7 experts and 115 nurses evaluated content validity and practical applicability of the protocol. Results: Results of the needs survey showed that all participants agreed there is a need for a protocol. Based on the survey results, a protocol was developed which included: regional culture and healthcare, admission/discharge care, surgical care, pain management, care in diagnostic testing, medication administration, and blood transfusion. Score on the experts' evaluation of content validity of the protocol was $3.66{\pm}0.28$. Practical applicability score was $3.61{\pm}0.29$ in the experts' group and $3.16{\pm}0.11$ in the nurses' group. Total score for validity of the overall content was $29.46{\pm}5.62$. Conclusion: The nursing protocol developed in this study for care of hospitalized foreign patients can contribute to improvement in quality of nursing care for these patients and can also be used as a teaching guideline to educate nurses.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.277-283
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• 2016

Background: The photosynthetic efficiency cool-season, semi-shade ginseng is normal at low morning temperatures, but drops at high afternoon temperatures. Therefore, optimal plant performance would be ensured if it were possible to control daily light transmission rates (LTR). Methods and Results: Plants were grown in a controlled light environment that replicated 11 AM conditions and comparatively analyzed against plant grown under normal conditions. Growth in the controlled light environment resulted in a 2.81 fold increase in photosynthetic efficiency with no change in chlorophyll content, although LTR were high due to low morning temperatures. Increased aerial plant growth was observed in the ginseng plants adapted to the controlled light environment, which in turn influenced root weight. An 81% increase in fresh root weight (33.3 g per plant on average) was observed in 4-year-old ginseng plants grown in controlled light environment compared to the plants grown following conventional practices (18.4 g per plant on average). With regard to the inorganic composition of leaves of 4-year-old ginseng plants grown in controlled light environment, an increased in Fe content was observed, while Mn and Zn content decreased, and total ginsenoside content of roots increased 2.37 fold. Conclusions: Growth of ginseng under a favorable light environment, such as the condition which exist naturally at 11 AM and are suitable for the plant's photosynthetic activity creates the possibility of large scale production, excellent-quality ginseng.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to verify relationships between light- and heavy alcohol drinking and health-risk behaviors such as smoking, inappropriate weight control, physical inactivity, and sexual activity among adolescents. Methods: The data of 68,043 adolescents in middle- and high school collected from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey in 2015 were analyzed. For statistical analysis, logistic regression model was used. Results: The rate of heavy alcohol drinking increased with increasing age up to 21.5% among boys and 13.9% among girls. Among boys, heavy alcohol drinkers were at a higher risk of smoking (adjusted odds ratios [OR]=3.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.8-3.8), inappropriate weight control (OR=1.7; 95% CI=1.4-2.1), having sexual intercourse (OR=3.6; 95% CI=3.0-4.2) than light drinkers. Multiple health-risk behaviors of smoking, inappropriate weight control and sexual intercourse also increased in accordance with the severity of drinking alcohol beverage compared to non-drinker. Physical inactivity was decreased among heavy drinkers compared to light drinkers (OR=0.8; 95% CI=0.7-0.9 for inactivity of moderate exercise). Similar results were observed among girls. Conclusions: Alcohol drinking especially heavy alcohol drinking among adolescents is related to other risky behaviors including smoking, inappropriate weight control, and sexual activity. To prevent health problems in adolescents, it is necessary to adopt a combined approach regarding heavy drinking and health-risk behaviors.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.125-143
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to investigate the characteristics of lifestyle and dietary habits of the colorectal cancer patients in Daegu and Kyungpook areas and to collect the data useful for nutrition education for the prevention of colorectal cancer in this community. The case subjects of the study were 123 patients diagnosed recently as colorectal cancer at Kyungpook National University Hospital. The control subjects were 182 persons who did not have any gastrointestinal diseases, including the patients from the department of orthopedic surgery and healthy volunteers. The survey covering general characteristics, life style, dietary habits, eating behaviors, and food intake frequency was administered by individual interviews using questionnaires. The results of the study suggest that high BMI, daily life stress, pessimistic personality, lack of physical activities, and familial cancer history might be the possible risk factors for the incidence of colorectal cancer. Dietary factors suspected as risk factors for colorectal cancer in the present study included strong preferences to meats, salty and fatty taste foods, low intake of water, alcohol drinking, smoking, coffee intake and irregular eating habits. A high consumption of seaweeds, green-yellow vegetables, light-colored vegetables, and green tea was suggested as a preventive factor for colorectal cancer. It is recommended to conduct more extensive and systematic surveys in the near future to reconfirm the risk factors of colorectal cancer in consideration of the characteristic food culture in this community. The results of the present study may be applied to nutritional education for the prevention of colorectal cancer for the local residents. (Korean J Nutrition 38(2): 125～143, 2005)

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.169-185
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• 2004

It is an urgent problem that Korea logistics enteprises' expansion of advance into China market and the logistics network establishment between Korea and China to back up the former are to be solved. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to deduce the subjects to establish the logistics network between Korea and China, and to evaluate the priority order. The results of this research are as follows: First, we conducted face-to-face interviews on the advisery group in China and Korean enterprises which advanced into China, and drew out 6 promoting subjects to build the logistics network between the two. Second, the AHP model was adopted, which is a multi-criteria?multi-hierarchical decision making method, to draw out the weight and priority order of the deduced 6 promoting items. Third, the resultant priority order of the promoting subjects is as follows: No.1 - to establish the distribution & logistics support center by region(0.3900); No.2 - to support various taxes in investing the logistics business abroad(0.1980) ; No.3 - to improve the management of CIQ(0.1958); No.4 - to back up the joint-venture of logistics firms(0.1169); No.5 - to enhance trade and foreign policies to deregulate the entry into logistics markets(0.0536); No.6 - to construct the logistics information system of China(Northest Ssia)(0.0458). This paper resulted in finding out Korea logistics enterprises that have not secured their own inland-transport network in China and the actual difficulties of Korean enterprises with using the inferior network that advanced into China. These problems were developed into the analysis adopting the AHP method, and the significancy of this paper is to present the priority order of promoting problems using a sophisticated technique.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

This program was developed to operate and manage the massive digital forest cover type map using SDE(spatial database engine) in order to solve the problems of the analogue mapping system, mapping process and managing vast amounts of data. It was established the standardization process by performing the several functions of application related to the spatial DB search, mapping history and progress control, modification and inspection of the topology error, approval and reject of those maps. It can be possible to generate the effective mapping and distribute maps to the public service. It is expected that the results will be able to reduce time-cost.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.675-682
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• 2011

Recently, in retrofit of RC structures using FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer), researches about Near-Surface-Mounted Rertofit (NSMR) method have been widely performed. In NSMR, FRP bar is normally inserted in the slit formed in the cover concrete and then bonded by using epoxy mortar. In this paper, the bond characteristic of NSMR using FRP plate instead of bar was studied experimentally. Fracture behavior is observed from bond test using the parameters of embedment length, shear key, and FRP plate layer. In addition, an equation to predict the splitting strength of NSMR using FRP is proposed using the test result. The results showed that when the longer embedment length and more layers of FRP are used, the higher bond strength is achieved. There was a good co-relationship between the test and calculated results using the proposed equation.