• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.217-239
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze that employee's job satisfaction and organizational commitment affect turnover intention according to freight forwarders's characteristics and personal characteristics. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, literature survey related to personal characteristics, job characteristics, organizational characteristics, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention on studying employee was carried out and took an empirical analysis by the use of questionnaire method for employees in freight forwarders. According to the final result and conclusions are as follows; First, job characteristics was positively related to job satisfaction but were negatively related to organizational commitment. Organizational characteristics was positively related to job characteristics and organizational characteristics. Second, personal characteristics was negatively related to job characteristics and organizational characteristics. Finally, job satisfaction, organizational commitment were negatively related to turnover intention.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.333-337
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• 1999

본 연구의 목표는 감성적 제품이나 환경을 체계적으로 개발하고 평가하는 과정에서 요구되는 DB를 개발하는 것으로서, 산업체에서의 활용도가 높고 공공성이 큰 데이터를 중심으로 지표를 수집하여 보급체계를 확립하는 것이다. 이번 연구에서는 2 단계 감성공학기반기술 연구 결과인 충 35 개 보고서 전자 파일을 입수하여 감성지표화 작업을 수행하였다. Web 상으로 지원 가능한 감성공학 지표(정보물)를 도출 하였으며, 감성공학 문헌, Handbook, Data compendium, 사전 등을 중심으로 지표를 분류하여 체계화하였다. 연구보고서로부터 도출 된 초기 지표로는 감성지표 185 개, 개발 제품/시스템 소개물 94 개, 웹으로 지원 가능한 감성공학 관련 정보물 35 개가 있다. 이를 기초로 활용 가능한 지표를 엄선하였다. 감성 제품 개발에 필요한 감성지표를 쉽고, 편리하고, 정확하게 검색하고, 감성공학 연구 결과들을 체계적으로 정리하기 위해 지표의 표현 방법, 용어, 기술 수준 등을 표준화하였다. 초기 도출된 감성지표 리스트 중 활용가치가 높은 결과물을 중심으로 감성지표를 정리하였으며, 현재 262개 지표에 대해서 연구책임자의 검증을 거쳐 지표화 작업을 완료하였다. 이들 결과는 인터넷을 통하여 서비스를 실시할 예정이며, 앞으로 제품설계, 환경응용 기술로서 감성공학적 제품설계를 위한 guideline으로 사용될 것으로 기대된다. 또한 이들 지표를 보급하기 위한 목적으로 개발한 감성공학 데이터베이스 시스템은 감성공학 자료의 보급체계로 활용되어 기업간의 정보교환 및 커뮤니케이션 유도를 통한 기업체간의 기술 및 관리 유기체계 구축에 활용될 것으로 기대된다.하도록 한다. 이는 기초과학 수준이 높은 북방권 국가들의 과학자들이 주로 활용되고 있다는 점에서도 잘 알 수 있으며 우리의 과학기술 약점을 보완하는 원천으로써 외국인 연구 인력이 대안이 되고 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구에서는 한국 연구 조직에서 일하는 외국인 연구자들의 동기 및 성과에 영향을 미치는 많은 요인들을 확인할 수 있었다. 상관관계, 분산분석, 회귀분석 등을 통해 활용 성과에 미치는 영향 요인들을 도출하였다. 설문 분석을 통하여 동기 및 성과 사이에는 강한 상관관계가 존재하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 이는 전통적인 동기 이론들과 부합한다. 대부분의 변수가 동기 및 성과에 동시에 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었으며 그중에서도 조직 협력 문화, 외국인 연구자의 의사소통 및 협력성, 외국인 연구자의 연구 능력 관련 변수들 및 연구 프로젝트의 기술수명주기, 외국인 연구자의 기존 기술지식의 흡수 등이 가장 중요한 변수로 나타났다. 이는 우리가 주로 중국 및 러시아 과학자들을 활용하여 상업화하는 외국인 연구인력 활용 패턴과도 일치하는 결과이다. 즉 우호적인 조직문화를 가지고 있는 연구 조직에서, 이미 과학기술 지식을 많이 가지고 있고 연구 능력도 높은 외국인 과학기술자를, 한국에서 기술이 태동 또는 성장하고 있는 연구 분야에서 활용하는 것이 가장 성과가 좋다는 사실을 확인시켜 주고 있다. 국내에서 최초로 수행된 본 연구는 외국인 연구 인력의 활용 성과가 매우 높으며, 우리의 과학기술혁신시스템을 보완하는 유효한 수단으로써 외국인 연구 인력이 중요한 대안이 될 수 있음을 발견하였다. 외국인 연구 인력을 잘 활용하기 위하여 문제점 및 개선방안을 활용 환경, 연구 인력

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.333-351
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• 2023

This study investigates user behavior in library spaces through the lens of AI camera analytics. By leveraging the face recognition and tracking capabilities of AI cameras, we accurately identified the gender and age of visitors and meticulously collected video data to track their movements. Our findings revealed that female users slightly outnumbered male users and the dominant age group was individuals in their 30s. User visits peaked between Tuesday to Friday, with the highest footfall recorded between 14:00 and 15:00 pm, while visits decreased over the weekend. Most visitors utilized one or two specific spaces, frequently consulting the information desk for inquiries, checking out/returning items, or using the rest area for relaxation. The library stacks were used approximately twice as much as they were avoided. The most frequented subject areas were Philosophy(100), Religion(200), Social Sciences(300), Science(400), Technology(500), and Literature(800), with Literature(800) and Religion(200) displaying the most intersections with other areas. By categorizing users into five clusters based on space utilization patterns, we discerned varying objectives and subject interests, providing insights for future library service enhancements. Moreover, the study underscores the need to address the associated costs and privacy concerns when considering the broader application of AI camera analytics in library settings.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.463-474
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the food environment, particularly focusing on restaurants in three areas (Suwon city, Hwaseong Byeongieom-dong, and Bibong-myun). Methods: A total of 662 persons were surveyed on customers' perceptions of the food environment in restaurants. A structured questionnaire composed of 30 questions on 7 factors, sanitation (4 items), displaying information (5), food quality (12), information on nutritional and healthy food choice (6), restaurant's accessibility (1), availability (1), and affordability (1) was used. In addition, an expert assessment of restaurant sanitation, and information on nutritional healthy food choice was conducted through visiting 126 restaurants. Results: Scores (range of score : 1~7) for each factors assessing the restaurant food environment were 5.06 for sanitation factors, 5.05 for displaying information factors, 5.13 for taste appearance factors, and 4.35 for healthy menu factors. Informations on nutritional healthy food choice showed a low rate: only 16.24% of the subjects answered that there is a message encouraging choice of healthy foods and 27.4% answered that menus contain nutritional information. Significant differences in food environment were observed by region (city, town, rural). The restaurants food environment in the rural area turned out to be poorer than that of the other two areas. In comparison of customer perception and expert assessment, significant differences were observed for 'Employee appearances and uniforms are clean and tidy' (p < .05), and 'There is a message encouraging the choice of healthy foods' (p < .05). Conclusion: This study provided evidence for differences of restaurant food environment by regions. In the rural area, there is a problem in restaurant's accessibility, availability, and affordability because of a lack of variety in menu items and restaurants. This results suggest that there is a need for more healthy food restaurants in the rural area.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.141-158
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• 2008

In this paper, we developed the GML Map Server which visualized the map based on GML as international standard for exchanging the common format map and for interoperability of GIS information. And also, it should transmit effectively GML map into the mobile device by using dynamic map partition and caching. It manages a partition based on the visualization area of a mobile device in order to visualize the map to a mobile device in real time, and transmits the partition area by serializing it for the benefit of transmission. Also, the received partition area is compounded in a mobile device and is visualized by being partitioned again as four visible areas based on the display of a mobile device. Then, the area is managed by applying a caching algorithm in consideration of repetitiveness for a received map for the efficient operation of resources. Also, in order to prevent the delay in transmission time as regards the instance density area of the map, an adaptive map partition mechanism is proposed for maintaining the regularity of transmission time. GML Map Server can trace the position of mobile device with WIPI environment in this paper. The field emulator can be created mobile devices and mobile devices be moved and traced it's position instead of real-world. And we developed POIM(POI Management) for management hierarchically POI information and for the efficiency POI search by using the individual tagging technology with visual interface.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.183-192
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• 2013

As a worldwide trend, the spatial information that is established by country, institution and purpose is integrated into the data with a single spatial reference to improve the data connectivity and usability. In this study, a new national single origin plane rectangular coordinate system was studied to efficiently respond to the changes in the spatial reference according to the introduction of a new national geodetic standard and to the demand of seamless data service in the spatial information sector. For this purpose, the Korean Peninsula was set as the projection region and the projection distortion in the projection region was analyzed. The projection parameters were defined to homogenize and minimize the projection distortion, and their standardization and registration on the international organizations were conducted. The study on the required optimal projection equation resulted in the Hooijberg projection equation and projection parameters (${\Phi}$, ${\lambda}$, K, N, E) resulted in $38^{\circ}N$ and $128^{\circ}E$ projection origin, and a scale factor of 0.99924. The proper false northing and easting were 700,000m N and 400,000m E, respectively, considering the introduction of country station index system.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.461-480
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• 2003

This paper is to consider the new urbanization process of Daegu in the 1990s, especially with its economy, politics, social culture, environment and space. In the economic aspect, the industrial structure of Daegu has shifted from the manufacturing- centered economy to the service economy. But it has not yet overcome the linear frame of industrial structure still relying on the textile industry, though the degree of industrial specialization has increased in the part of the fabricated metal products and the precision and optical instrument. In the political situation that the implementation of the local self-government has made the relation between localities more competitive, the local government of Daegu has led a boom for boosting the regional economic growth, organizing private-public-research relations to improve the weakening regional investment and production function. In the social and cultural aspect of the new urbanization, the investment into the soft-ware facilities has been increased, and the urban festivals have been changed so as to revitalize the regional economy. In the environmental aspect, as the self-government system has launched, conflicts around values and interests of local governments have revealed frequently due to locations of infra-structures and of abhorrence facilities. Finally, seen from the spatial dimension of the city, the extension of residential areas and unregulated use of urban space have a result of inefficience of land-use, and this kind of unplanned outer expansion of the city has brought about with further separation of house and working place, and increasing distance of movements and the an urban spatial structure which requires more energy consumption.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2002

This paper describes the performance evaluation and analysis of Wireless Local Area Network (W-LAN) in the 5 GHz ISM-band in compliance with IEEE 802.11a. At present, most W-LAN products are based on 2.4 GHz band, but low speed (11Mbps) has the limitation to serve systems demanding high-speed data transmission. To solve this problem, it is necessary to design next generation W-LAN system with 54Mbps in the 5GHz. It is sure that implementation of next generation W-LAN will bring competitive advantages. In particular, it will support telecommunications for high-speed mobile environments as well as for fixed places such as a school zone, a lecture room, a hospital and other premises. A few simulation methods are applied to more accurate and reliable performance analysis of next generation W-LAN. To verify if continuous data service is supported for a high-speed mobile notebook, multi-path fading channels between wireless Access Point (AP) and wireless Network Interface Card (NIC) are modeled. In addition, low interference is analyzed via convolutional codes and Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Also, to obtain reliable Bit Error Rate (BER), a single tap Least Mean Square (LMS) equalizer is applied. Given the above simulation, next generation W-LAN is an ideal solution for continuous data transmission in high-speed mobile environments.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.219-243
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• 2004

Generally, electricity market has monopoly market structure because of need of enormous investment for infrastructure. However, the introduction of competition in network industry as electricity is a tendency of the world with decreasing the effects of economy of scale due to the advancement of technology. Now, electricity industry restructuring is in progress but the competition in electricity retail market is not in force yet in Korea. Whether a effective competition exist or not is very important to policy decision maker who drive restructuring, but there are small numbers of quantitative researches on that. In this study, we estimated the effectiveness of competition in the electricity retail market through switching costs. If switching costs are high, consumers actually can be locked in incumbent firm in spite of introduction of competition. Therefore switching is a critical factor to determine effectiveness of competition and to estimate the size of switching costs quantitatively can proffer the information about whether the competition in the electricity retail market is effective or not in the future. We estimated switching costs using consumer' stated-preference data by conjoint analysis. In according to estimation results, the cost of switching process is not so high, but the relative brand loyalty of an incumbent company is significantly high. And the price is considered as the most important factor choosing an electric service commodity. Based on the empirical results, it is possible to analyze the relationship between suppliers' competitiveness resulted from management efficiency and customers' switching possibilities. The paper therefore provides guidance for suppliers in deciding to enter into retail competition and for policy makers in introducing retail competition. And it has a significance of estimating the switching costs directly.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.53-64
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• 2009

Inter-vehicular communication that propagates information without infrastructures has drawn a lot of interest. However, it is difficult to apply conventional ad-hoc routing protocols directly in inter-vehicular communication due to frequent changes in the network topology caused by high mobility of the vehicles. MMFP(Multi-hop MAC Forwarding) is a unicast forwarding protocol that transport packets based on the reachability information instead of path selection or position information. However, delivering public safety messages informing road conditions such as collision, obstacles and fog through inter-vehicular communication requires broadcast rather than unicast since these messages contain information valuable to most drivers within a close proximity. Flooding is one of the simplest methods for multi-hop broadcast, but it suffers from reduced packet delivery-ratio and high transmission delay due to an excessive number of duplicated packets. This paper presents two multi-hop broadcast protocols for inter-vehicular communication that extend the MMFP. UMHB(Unreliable Multi-Hop Broadcast) mitigates the duplicated packets of MMFP by limiting the number of nodes to rebroadcast packets. UMHB, however, still suffers from low delivery ratio. RMHB(Reliable Multi-Hop Broadcast) uses acknowledgement and retransmission in order to improve the reliability of UMHB at the cost of increase in transmission delay, which we show through simulation is within an acceptable range for collision avoidance application.