• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.242-264
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• 2016

Tourism is a major sector of the national and regional economy in Southeast Asia endowed with rich natural environment and a variety of cultural and historical heritages. Tourism has been recognized as the industry without chimneys. However, as tourism sector is getting larger and being globally standardized, various problems such as environmental degradation as well as profits leakage from locals have been gradually aggravated. Against negative impacts from massive tourism various efforts have been tried and community-based ecotourism(CBET), seeking environmental conservation and community development at the same time, has emerged as a noteworthy alternative. By comparing the two cases of CBET in Indonesia and Cambodia, this paper aims to review the current status and future challenges of community development through ecotourism in Southeast Asia's rural villages. In the concrete, this paper analyses in-depth on case of JED(the village ecotourism network) in Bali, Indonesia and CBET project in Ramsar wetland reserves of Steung Treng province, Cambodia and founds out the possibility and main obstacles of community developmental strategy through CBET. Both cases have proven the positive outcomes in terms of environmental protection, local people's awareness improvement, and direct/indirect economic gain from CBET project. However, there are significant, but differentiated limitations in management capacities and stabilities of internal governance of two villages. Both villages are still in need of brisk networks with and assistance from the outside. In the conclusion part, this paper suggests CBET development program in Southeast Asia through Korea's social enterprises as one of the possible ODA programs(in tourism sector).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.424-434
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• 2021

People who face retirement in aging society experience changes in resilience and psychological depression. As the baby boomer generation, which has played a central role in Korea's economic and social sectors, begins retiring, interest in their post-retirement lives has also increased. Thus, this study investigates the effects of a forest healing program using forest healing factors of ecological forests on the resilience and depression of baby-boomer retirees. This experiment divided 58 subjects in the baby boomer generation into three groups and examined differences among the groups. The result showed that the subjects in the forest healing program group (FHPG) had a very significant increase in resilience and a statistically significant decrease in depression compared to those in the forest healing program non-participation group (FHNG) and the daily life group (DLG). Therefore, it can be said participating in the forest healing program is more effective for retirees than voluntary forest activities. The results of this study can be used as basic data for research on the resilience and depression of retirees.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.3
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• pp.353-361
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• 2017

This survey was conducted to study the mountain village residents' needs and awareness of eco-tourism. The survey included opinions about introducing Eco-tourism, Residents' willingness to join, types of policies to push forward, requirements to Korea Forest Service and expected outcomes. 346 residents were selected for this survey from 33 mountain eco-villages established by Korea Forest Service and 24 rural experience villages established by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, and they respectively participated in this survey through interview from June $17^{th}$ 2015 to September $17^{th}$ 2015. As a result of major analysis, the survey showed that 86.7% of residents were in favor of the introduction of mountain village eco-tourism and 78.3% of those questioned showed the willingness of their participation of the program. Also 42.2% of respondents reacted positively that Korea Forest Service, associated administration agency and local government should be cooperated when the policies are established. 60.4% of respondents said they expect installment of recreational facilities and 67.6% said they expect development of eco-tourism program, which were respectively the highest rate as the requirements to be supported when the eco-tourism program are introduced. 86.1% said that increasing visitors will help mountain villages more revitalized as eco-tourism is introduced. This research is expected to provide information when making the mountain eco-tourism policy in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.3
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• pp.450-460
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• 2022

This study was conducted to develop a forest ecological sensitivity scale and verify its reliability and validity to evaluate the effectiveness of forest education programs and assess the forest ecological sensitivity of people. Forest ecological sensitivity was defined through literature research and expert meetings. A total of 106 preliminary questions, which were developed by dividing the factors of each question, were used to conduct a preliminary survey on 256 adults. Based on the survey results, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted, and 19 questions were selected, excluding overlapping items between factors and items not suitable for factor load. This was a nationwide study in which 557 adult individuals participated, and 533 surveys were used for analysis. According to the results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the forest ecological sensitivity scale consisted of 10 questions and 3 factors (personal stage, social stage, and integrated stage) and demonstrated good suitability. The forest ecological sensitivity questions developed in this study can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of forest education programs, which can help contribute toward improving the quality of such programs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.3
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• pp.316-325
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• 2008

This study was done to compare socio-economic characteristics and travel pattern, preferences for ecotourism facilities and programs of domestic and international tourists who visited to Jeju Island. On-site survey was carried out during July, 2006 and a total of five hundred and fifty five (555) individuals' data were analyzed. Survey results showed that there were significant differences between socioeconomic characteristics and travel patterns as well as preferences of both parties. Even among international tourists from countries with different languages showed different characteristics. These different characteristics among tourist groups imply that tour route design and program development should be accordingly considered to provide satisfactory experiences.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.47-54
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• 2010

The significant aim of this research is to suggest the applicable data for the future urban ecological restoration of rivers' activity and the direction of the future eco-experience program found by analyzing the state and progress of the restoration of the river ecological experience program. For this purpose, we researched the eco-experience program's outline and details of its operation and method from six rivers among all of the rivers going through restoration. We also carried out telephone interviews and in-depth interviews with the office staff that takes care about each river at the district office to investigate the specific details not revealed by our analysis, the number of operations, and the number of participants. We compared the number of operations to the number of participants and the frequency of participation of each river in a year. As a result, they have revealed that the participants of the eco-experience program ranged in variety including local students, families, and local citizens as a whole. Also the intimate observation and experience with nature gave the participants a better understanding of the ecosystem. In addition, it is revealed that the cheonggye river goes through its own standard of strict inspections and management daily. It is quite easy to notice that the cheonggye river shows a higher level of participation and operating activity than other rivers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.39-47
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• 2010

The coastal area is the place where two conflicting values provide opportunities for recreation, tourism and conservation of the natural environment. Most of these coastal areas have been disregarded in terms of tourism because of the high value placed on natural resources. Management strategy has usually been first on the priority list of natural. resources. However, due to the significant number of visitors, the Important-Satisfaction Analysis(ISA) was applied as a mean of complement since the 1970s. This study analyzed the difference between visitor satisfaction and the importance of the main management strategy targeting visitors to Sun-cheon Bay Ecological Park on weekdays and weekends. Results show that Sun-cheon Bay Ecological Park and the city government have paid a lot of attention and invested a lot of money, but efficiency of publicity didn't come up to their afford. Therefore, we should prepare information facilities, public education facilities and human power. Also needed are visitors' temporal-spacial control to set specific programs and a guide for information education control. It means visitors' company forms change depends on weekday and weekend. In addition, a breeding space for birds should be built for observation, education and exhibition to help meet visitor expectations. Visitors' positive satisfaction might be provided in establishing strategy as a very important measure in limited area. In conclusion, this study might be provided as preliminary data when the management strategy and related guidelines are established through the management priority of coastal regions where importance and satisfaction conflict.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.727-743
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• 2004

This paper aims to explore the geographic characteristics of ecotour resources in Gumho-river basin and to study the educational application of ecotour resources. To grasp the characteristics of ecotour resources in Gurnho-basin, this research carried out a literature review about Gumho-river basin and arranged ecotour resources by different types. Ecotour resources are divided into geomorphic and geologic resources, plant communities, wildlife habitats, cultural and historical resources, regional events with eco-resources. The case studies of New Zealand present good examples of how to successfully use the ecotour goals as a educational applications to Korea. The ecotourism in Korea has not still achieved the real benefits which meet environmental conservation, regional economic advantages and educational effects. Thus, the ecotour programmes should be include entrance limitations, strict opening time schedules, natural trails, museums for study, boards for study, well trained information officers and guides organized by residents. In addition, the local residents prepare of winter programmes for sustainable economic advantages.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.460-470
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to suggest appropriate directions for the desirable ecotourist attraction management through the investigation of the tourist's satisfaction with ecotourism in case of Geumgang birdwatching destination. This research focus on the identification of the determinants of the ecotourist's satisfaction and the estimated regression model. The results of this study for the tourist's satisfaction with the ecotourism are summarized as follows. First, as a result of the factor analysis of the tourist's satisfaction variables, five factors like 'knowledge information', 'experience', 'ecological value', 'guide service', 'facilities environment' are deduced. Second, as a result of the test of significance, the difference of the satisfaction with ecotourism in aspect of the tourist's demographic characteristics like age and academic background is confirmed to be statistically significant except sex. Third, the tourist's satisfaction with ecotourism appears to be positively correlative with the tourist's overall satisfaction.

• The Journal of the Korean Institute of Forest Recreation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.35-48
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• 2018

This research was carried out to provide a good quality forest healing program as a basic source of development by researching the general characteristics of users of Geiji Mountain in North Jeolla Province, the recognition of forest healing and regional preference programs. As a result of the survey, Geigisan Mountain is used as a natural place for recreation and leisure of residents of Jeonju. The most important factors in the selection of forest healing programs for visitors were the activities, organization and chronology of the program, and the main purpose was to improve health. Week-by-week programs utilizing weekends were preferred for management of forest healing programs. It was revealed that sports programs prefer to enjoy natural scenery, forest experience programs, healing programs, forest therapy programs, meditation programs, and listening to forest music. The outcome of this study is expected to be used as a basic source for developing and researching a program for forest healing in the area of Mt. Meanwhile, the limit on the composition of suitable forest healing programs according to preference is required for continuous and continuous integrated study of the forest healing program for the future of the forest healing program.