• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.10C no.6
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• pp.717-726
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• 2003

In this paper, we analyze the associated rule based deductive algorithm which creates the rules automatically for intrusion detection from the vast packet data. Based on the result, we also suggest the deductive algorithm which creates the rules of intrusion pattern fast in order to apply the intrusion detection systems. The deductive algorithm proposed is designed suitable to the concept of clustering which classifies and deletes the large data. This algorithm has direct relation with the method of pattern generation and analyzing module of the intrusion detection system. This can also extend the appication range and increase the detection speed of exiting intrusion detection system as the rule database is constructed for the pattern management of the intrusion detection system. The proposed pattern generation technique of the deductive algorithm is used to the algorithm is used to the algorithm which can be changed by the supporting rate of the data created from the intrusion detection system. Fanally, we analyze the possibility of the speed improvement of the rule generation with the algorithm simulation.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.4 no.3 s.15
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• pp.137-145
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• 2003

The project control system based on the actual values of three objects shall be operated continuously in a timely manner. For collecting/tracking accurate actual performance data, a reasonable basis of measuring work performance and its related measuring methods are needed. Therefore, this research proposes a method of developing and operating the construction progress measurement system. The problem of the conventional method is the difficulty to construct control accounts and to define the basis of measuring the performance of each control account. Therefore, this research proposes the preferable, formal methodology that produces the progress value of the smallest work unit by surveying the installed quantities and estimates percent complete of groups of works or entire project by earned value concept. This research in connection with the hereafter research of the weight value of control accounts will contribute to apply in practice and to develop the scientific construction management technique in the construction industry. Further researches how to trend and forecast the project using the measured progress value are recommended for putting the prosed system of this research to practical use.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.371-375
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• 2021

문서 기반 대화 시스템은 주어진 배경 지식 문서와 이전 대화를 바탕으로 대화에 이어지는 적절한 응답을 생성하는 시스템이다. 문서 기반 대화 시스템은 지식 추출 작업과 응답 생성 작업으로 나뉘며, 두 하위 작업은 서로 긴밀한 관계를 가지고 있다. 즉, 주어진 배경 지식 문서와 관련된 올바른 응답을 생성하기 위해서는 정확한 지식 추출이 필수적이며, 응답 생성에 필요한 지식을 정확히 추출하지 못하는 경우 생성 응답에 배경 지식이 반영되기 힘들다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 추출된 지식을 확장하는 방법을 통해 생성에 필요한 지식의 재현율을 높이고 이를 활용할 수 있는 임베딩 확장 방법을 제안함으로써 SacreBLEU 기준 3.51의 성능 향상을 보였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Ceranic Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.228.1-228
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• 2003

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.1079-1089
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to develop the accurate, robust and high resolution two-dimensional numerical model that solves the computationally difficult hydraulic problems, including the wave front propagation over dry bed and abrupt change in bathymetry. The developed model in this study solves the conservative form of the two-dimensional shallow water equations using an unsplit finite volume scheme and HLLC approximate Riemann solvers to compute the interface fluxes. Bed-slope term is discretized by the divergence theorem in the framework of FVM for application of unsplit scheme. Accurate and stable SGM, in conjunction with the MUSCL which is second-order-accurate both in space and time, is adopted to balance with fluxes and source terms. The exact C-property is shown to be satisfied for balancing the fluxes and the source terms. Since the spurious oscillations in second-order schemes are inherent, an efficient slope limiting technique is used to supply TVD property. The accuracy, conservation property and application of developed model are verified by comparing numerical solution with analytical solution and experimental data through the simulations of one-dimensional dam break flow without bed slope, steady transcritical flow over a hump and two-dimensional dam break flow with a constriction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1099-1107
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to find the transformation of organic matter as well as chlorine by product formation potential with ozone dosage. The removal percents of $UV_{254}$ and DOC were $23%{\sim}65%$ and $2%{\sim}15%$ and THMFP and HAAFP were $17%{\sim}52%$ and $9%{\sim}29%$ respectively at $0.5{\sim}3\;mgO_3/mgDOC$ ozone dosage. The hydrophobic and transphobic organic matter were reduced to $37%{\sim}68%$ and $35%{\sim}64%$, on the other hand the hydrophilir organic matter was increased to $40%{\sim}49%$ at $0.5{\sim}3\;mgO_3/mgDOC$ ozone dosage. The produced THMFP and HAAFP from the hydrophobic and transphilic organic matter were decreased greatly with increasing ozone dosage but these by products were increased in the hydrophilic matter. The produced THMFP and HAAFP per unit DOC were decreased and reactivity was reduced greatly with increasing crone dosage. The removal rate of THMFP per unit DOC was much higher than HAAFP by ozone treatment. The Br-THMFP per unit DOC was much more removed than chloroformFP per unit DOC with increasing ozone dosage. and The removal rate of TCAAFP per unit DOC was increased with increasing ozone dosage but TCAAFP was not affected by ozone treatment. Br-HAAFP was decreased at $1\;mgO_3/mgDOC$ ozone dosage but was not more removed above $1\;mgO_3/mgDOC$ ozone dosage. Br-HAAFP had lower removal effect than Br-THMFP by ozone treatment. The optimal ozone dosage can be determined about $1\;mgO_3/mgDOC$ by considering both disinfection by product formation and economical efficiency.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.443-450
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• 2015

This paper presents an investigation of the mechanical and microstructural properties of Class F fly ash based geopolymer containing sodium sulfate as an additive. Sodium sulfate was used as an chemical additive at the dosage levels of 0, 2, 4, and 6wt% of fly ash. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions were used to activate fly ash. The compressive strengths of geopolymer pastes were measured at the age of 28 days. The microstructures of the geopolymer pastes were examined using XRD, MIP and SEM tests. The additions of 2wt% and 4wt% sodium sulfate produced geopolymers with high strength, while increasing the dosage of levels to 6% resulted in almost no changes in strength, comparing with the control geopolymer. The optimum increase in strength was obtained with the addition of 4wt% sodium sulfate. As the amount of sodium sulfate is increased, no additional crystalline phase was detected and no change of amorphous phase indicated despite the change in the strength development. The increase in the strength was due to the change of pore size distribution in samples. As addition of sodium sulfate altered the morphologies of reactive productions and Si/Al ratios of the reaction products, the strengths were thus affected. It was found that the strengths of geopolymer were larger for lower Si/Al ratios of reaction products formed in samples. The optimal amount of sodium sulfate in the fly ash based geopolymer helps to improve mechanical properties of the geopolymer, on the other hand, the high percentage of sodium sulfate could exist as an impurity in the geopolymer and hinder the geopolymer reaction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1979.10a
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• pp.244.3-245
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• 1979

1. 수율계수 함수의 영향 : 유가 배양에 있어서 수율 계수가 제한 기질 농도의 함수일 경우에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 사용한 수율 계수 함수는 기질 농도에 대하여 선형 함수였으며 목적함수는 중간 대사 물질의 생산량이었다. 1-가) 수율 계수 함수의 기울기가 음의 값으로 적어짐에 따라 제한 기질의 공급속도가 증가되었다. 1-나) 일반적으로 초기의 얼마 동안은 회분 배양에서와 같이 공급 속도가 거의 없었으며 그후 전환점 이후에 가서야 공급 속도가 증가하였다. 1-다) 전환점 이후에서도 처음에는 대부분의 경우에 공급속도가 음의 값으로 부터 시작하여 증가하기 시작하였다. 1-라) 어떤 경우에는 배양 초기부터 공급 속도가 양의 값으로부터 시작하였으나 곧 감소하였다가 다시 증가하는 비 단조형 변화를 보였다. 1-마) 전환점 이후에서 공급 속도가 증가하는 형태에서도 처음에는 선형 증가를 보이다가 나중에 지수적 증가를 보였다. 1-바) 위와 같은 공급 속도의 변화에 따른 발효조 내의 제한 기질 농도의 변화는 초기에는 가능한 최대치를 유지하다가 전환점 이후에는 갑자기 감소하는 형태를 취하였다. 2. 목적 함수의 영향: 목적 함수가 균체량과 생성 중간 대사물질 량의 선형 결합일 때 대하여 연구하였다. 선형 결합 계수로는 균체량과 생성대사 물질의 상대적인 값어치를 취하였다. 2-가) 허용 최대 균체 농도가 제한되어 있는 상황 하에서 생성 대사 물질의 상대적인 값이 증가 할수록 목적 함수가 증가하였다. 2-나)생성대사 물질의 상대적인 값이 증가할수록 전환점의 위치가 줄어들었다. 2-다) 생성대사 물질 상대적 값의 단위 증가에 대한 목적 함수는 균체량을 감안하지 않은 야마네박사의 결과에 수렴하였다. 2-라) 공급 속도는 상대 값이 커질수록 줄어들었다. 2-마) 균체량의 시간에 대한 곡선은 상대값이 증가할수록 감소하고 전형적인 분기점 형태의 변화를 보였다.변이 뚜렷하여 이로 인한 외임파강내의 염증성병변이 뚜렷이 나타나 있으며 와우관의 특히 기저회전에서의 유모세포의 손실이 심한 것으로 보아 중이염으로 인한 골도의 고음역에서의 손실이 발생함을 알 수 있다.A group), vinclozolin, procymidone, tetradifon cypermethrin, 그리고 fenvalerate(B group)에서는 70% 이상의 회수율을 얻었고, 20%의 ethyl acetate/hexane을 사용하여 분석한 경우는 5%나 10%의 ethyl acetate/hexane을 사용하여 분석했을 때보다 좋은 결과를 나타내어 전체 16종의 농약 중 14종에서 75% 이상의 회수율을 얻었으나, alachlor와 bifenthrin은 매우 낮은 회수율을 보여서 ethyl acetate와 hexane의 혼합용매가 이들 두 농약성분의 분석에는 적합하지 않은 용출 용매임을 알 수 있었다.NO_2의$ 급성 중독증상으로서는 눈, 코를 강하게 자극하고 폐충혈, 폐수종, 기관지염, 폐염 등을 일으킨다. 만성 중독시에는 만성폐섬유와 및 폐수종을 일으킨다. (4) $오존(O_3)$ Ozone은 자동차 배기가스에서 나오는 $NO_2$ gas 및 탄화수소와 작용하여, PAN이라는 자극성 물질을 생성시키는 광학적 Smog의 주요소로 알려져 있다. 자극적인 냄새가 있음으로 불쾌감을 주고 비, 인후점막의 전조감과 두통이 오며 폐기능을 저하시키며 더욱 진행되면 폐충혈, 폐수종 등을 일으킨다 (5) Smog에 의한 건강피해 대표적인 것이 1952.12.5~12.8까지 4일간 영국 Lon-don에서 계속된 Smog사건이며, 이 사건으로 말미암아 호흡기질환 사망율이 사건전보다 사건기간 중 혹은 사건후에 5~10배의 증가율을 보였다. 이때 Smog의 주원인은 연료의 불완전 연소에 의한 연기와 이때 발생

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.419-424
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• 2007

According to increase of consumer's desire for clean tap water, advanced treatment processes include with membrane, ozone, and granular activated carbon(GAC) were introduced. In order to evaluate the effect of advanced treatment processes for residual chlorine decay and trihalomethane(THM) formation in water distribution system, dissolved organic matter(DOC) removal of each advanced treatment process was investigated. The residual chlorine decay and THM formation using bottle tests were also evaluated. $UV_{254}$ removal in all advanced treatment was better than DOC removal. Especially, DOC by ozone treated was removed as 4% in contrast with sand filtered water, but $UV_{254}$ was removed about 17%. This result might be due to convert from hydrophobic DOC to hydrophilic DOC by ozonation. Ozone/GAC process was most effective process for DOC removal. The residual chlorine decay constants in treated water by sand filtration, ozonation, GAC adsorption, and ozone/GAC processes were 0.0230, 0.0307, 0.0117 and 0.0098 $hr^{-1}$, respectively. The sand filtered water was produced 81.8 ${\mu}g/L$ of THM after 190 hours of reaction time, as the treated water by ozone, GAC, and Ozone/GAC was less produced 6.0, 26.2, 30.3% in contrast with sand filtered water, respectively. Consequently, the durability of residual chlorine and reduction of THM formation were improved by advanced treatment processes.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.659-665
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• 2000

The changes in $UV_{254}$ and concentrations of $H_2O_2$ formed by ozonation of aqueous humic acid in ozone/high pH, peroxone process and in the presence of radical scavenger, $HCO_3{^-}$ were investigated. This study confirmed that the formation of $H_2O_2$ by ozonation may undergo different reaction pathways compared to those of $UV_{254}$ reduction in the degradation of the humic acid. The concentration of $H_2O_2$ produced by ozonation was found to be increased with decreasing pH of the sample solution due to the higher stability of ozone molecules at acidic conditions. On the while, $UV_{254}$ reduction was found to be higher at alkaline conditions or larger amount of $H_2O_2$ additions as a radical promoter in which the producing of ${\cdot}OH$, ${\cdot}HO_2$ radicals can be more favorable. From the results, it has been suggested that the formation of $H_2O_2$ by ozonation depends mainly on the direct reactions of ozone with humic acid molecules, while $UV_{254}$ reduction is affected by both the indirect reactions of the radicals and direct reactions of ozone with humic acid.