Browse > Article

Effect of Advanced Treatment Process for Residual Chlorine Decay and THM Formation in Water Distribution System  

Lee, Doo-Jin (Water & Wastewater Research Center, Korea Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation)
Kim, Young-Il (Water & Wastewater Research Center, Korea Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation)
Kim, Sung-Su (Water & Wastewater Research Center, Korea Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation)
Lee, Kyung-Hyuk (Water & Wastewater Research Center, Korea Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation)
Park, Hyun-A (Water & Wastewater Research Center, Korea Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers / v.29, no.4, 2007 , pp. 419-424 More about this Journal
Abstract
According to increase of consumer's desire for clean tap water, advanced treatment processes include with membrane, ozone, and granular activated carbon(GAC) were introduced. In order to evaluate the effect of advanced treatment processes for residual chlorine decay and trihalomethane(THM) formation in water distribution system, dissolved organic matter(DOC) removal of each advanced treatment process was investigated. The residual chlorine decay and THM formation using bottle tests were also evaluated. $UV_{254}$ removal in all advanced treatment was better than DOC removal. Especially, DOC by ozone treated was removed as 4% in contrast with sand filtered water, but $UV_{254}$ was removed about 17%. This result might be due to convert from hydrophobic DOC to hydrophilic DOC by ozonation. Ozone/GAC process was most effective process for DOC removal. The residual chlorine decay constants in treated water by sand filtration, ozonation, GAC adsorption, and ozone/GAC processes were 0.0230, 0.0307, 0.0117 and 0.0098 $hr^{-1}$, respectively. The sand filtered water was produced 81.8 ${\mu}g/L$ of THM after 190 hours of reaction time, as the treated water by ozone, GAC, and Ozone/GAC was less produced 6.0, 26.2, 30.3% in contrast with sand filtered water, respectively. Consequently, the durability of residual chlorine and reduction of THM formation were improved by advanced treatment processes.
Keywords
Advanced Treatment Process; Water Distribution System; Dissolved Organic Carbon(DOC); Residual Chlorine; Trihalomethane(THM);
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Suffet, I. H., Mallevialle, J., and Kawczynski, E., Advances in taste and odor treatment and control, American Water Works Association Research Foundation (1995)
2 Kooij, D., 'Assimilable Organic Carbon as an Indicator of Bacterial Regrowth,' AWWA, 84(2), 57-65(1992)   DOI
3 Reckhow, D. A., Singer, P. C., and Malcolm, R. L., 'Chlorination of Humic Materials; Byproduct Formation and Chemical Interpretations, ' Environ. Sci. Technol., 24(11), 1655-1664(1990)   DOI
4 USEPA, Enhanced coagulation and enhanced precipitative softening guidance manual, EPA815-R-99-012(1999)
5 Stevenson, F. J., Reactive Functional Groups, Humus Chemistry: Genesis, Composition, Reaction, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 212-235(1994)
6 APHA, AWWA, WEF, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th ed.,(l998)
7 Amy, G. L., Tan, L., and Davis, M. K., 'The Effect of Ozonation and Activated Carbon Adsorption on Trihalomethane Speciation,' Water Res., 25(2), 191-202(1991)   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Campos, C. and Harmant, Ph., 'Assessing the impact of dissolved organic carbon changes on disinfectant stability in a distribution system,' Water Sci. Tech-Water Supply, 2(3), 251-257(2002)   DOI
9 Galapate, R. P., Baes, A. U., and Okada, M., 'Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter during Ozonation: Effects on Trihalomethane Formation Potential,' Water Res., 35(9), 2201-2206(2001)   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Crozes, G., White, P., and Marshall, M., 'Enhanced Coagulation: its Effect on NOM Removal and Chemical Costs,' AWWA, 87(1), 78-89(1995)   DOI
11 Westerhoff, P., Debroux, J., Aiken, G., and Amy, G., 'Ozone-induced Changes in Natural Organic Matter(NOM) Structure,' Ozone Sci. Eng., 21(6), 551-570(1999)   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Hallama, N. B., Westa, J. R., Forstera, C. F., Powell, J. C., and Spencer, I., 'The Decay of Chlorine associated with the Pipe Wall in Water Distribution Systems,' Water Res., 36(14), 3479-3488(2002)   DOI   ScienceOn
13 구윤희, 배수시스템에서의 수질변동 특성: 잔류염소와 THMs을 중심으로, 서울시립대학교 박사학위논문(2004)
14 Owen, D. M., Amy, G. L., Chowdhury, Z. K., Paode, R., Mccoy, G., and Viscosil, K., 'NOM Characterization and Treatability,' AWWA, 87(1), 46-63(1995)
15 Jacangelo, J. G., Demarco, J., Owen, D. M., and Randtke, S., 'Selected Processes for Removing NOM : an Overview,' AWWA, 87(1), 64-77(1995)
16 한국수자원공사, 한강수계를 중심으로 한 맛 . 냄새의 효율적 제거(3차년도), 한국수자원공사(2005)
17 Marhaba T. F. and Van D., 'Chlorinated Disinfection By-Product Formation Potential of Dissolved Organic Matter Fractions at an Ozonation Water Treatment Plant,' Advances in Environ. Res., 3(3), 255-268(1999)
18 Nissinen, T. K., Miettinen, I. T., Martikainen, P. J., and Vartiainen, T., 'Molecular size distribution of natural organic matter in raw and drinking waters,' Chemosphere, 45( 6-7), 865-873(2001)   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
19 USEPA, United States Federal Register, 40 CFR Parts 9, 141 and 142, 71(2), 388-493(2006)
20 Matilainen, A., Vieno, N. Tuhkanen, T., 'Efficiency of the activated carbon filtration in the natural organic matter removal,' Environ. Int., 32(3) 324-331 (2006)   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Ko, Y. W., Abbt-Braun, G., and Frimmel, F. H., 'Effect of Preozonation on the Formation of Chlorinated Disinfection By-products for River Ruhr,' Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol., 28(5), 256-261(2000)   DOI
22 Chang, P. C., Chang E. E., and Liang, C. H., 'NOM Characteristics and Treatabilities of Ozonation Processes,' Chemosphere, 46(6), 929-936(2002)   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Chin, A. and Berube, P.R., 'Removal of Disinfection by-Product Precursors with Ozone-UV Advanced Oxidation Process,' Water Res., 39(10), 2136-2144(2005)   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Hu, J., Wang, Z., Ng, W., and Ong, S., 'Disinfection byproducts in water produced by ozonation and chlorination,' Environ. Monitoring Assess., 59(1), 81-93(1999)   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Kainulainen, T. K., Tuhkanen, T. A., Vartiainen, T. K. and Kalliokoski, P. J., 'Removal of Residual Organics from Drinking Water by Ozonation and Activated Carbon Filtration: A Pilot Plant Study,' Ozone Sci. Eng., 17(4), 449-462(1995)   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Chang, C. N., Ma, Y. S. and Zing, F. F., 'Reducing the Formation of Disinfection by-Products by Pre-ozonation,' Chemosphere, 46(1), 21-30(2002)   DOI   ScienceOn