• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.446-452
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• 2008

This study was conducted to research the biosorption characteristics using algae, Spirulina platensis, for the removal of Pb and Cu ions in wastewater. Both of free algal cell and immobilized algae by Ca-alginate were used as bioadsorbent, and experiment was proceed in batch reactor for Pb and Cu ions removal, respectively. In the biosorption of Pb and Cu ions by free Spirulina platensis cell, the adsorption equilibrium reached within 20 minute. The higher adsorbed amount of Pb and Cu was shown as increasing of initial concentration of Pb and Cu, and pH of solution, respectively, and the optimum pH was 4.5$\sim$5.0. Under the conditions of initial concentration of Pb or Cu are 200 mg/L, the maximum amounts of Pb and Cu adsorbed to the unit weight of Spirulina platensis were 86.43 and 57.02 mg/g, respectively, and these values were 1.94 and 1.48 times higher than those of activated carbon under same conditions, respectively. The biosorption kinetics of Pb and Cu ions by free Spirulina platensis cell fitted very well to the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm. The maximum amount of Pb or Cu adsorbed to the unit mass of adsorbent by the Langmuir isotherm($q_{max}$) represented as 95.24 and 62.50 mg/g, respectively. The FT-IR results of free Spirulina platensis biomass showed that biomass has different functional groups and these functional groups are able to react with metal ions in aqueous solution. In the biosorption of Pb and Cu ions by Ca-alginate immobilized algae Spirulina platensis, the adsorption equilibrium reached within 40 min. and observed a little diffusion limitation differed from the free algal cell adsorption.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.107-114
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• 2007

A study on the removal of heavy metals using alginic acid, a kind of polysaccharides, was performed. Alginic acid adsorbed 480 mg Pb/g dry mass at pH 4, which was about twice as high as uptake capacity of other biosorbents. Isothermal adsorption curve for lead ions was described by the Langmuir model equation and the experimental data well fitted to model equation. The adsorption of lead ions was an endothermic process since binding strength increased with temperature. The effect of alkali metal ions ($Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$) on lead sorption capacity was negligible and most adsorption process was completed in 30min. The uptake capacity of other metals such as, copper, mercury, strontium, and cesium ions using alginic acid was also investigated.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.403-404
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• 2003

현재까지 개발되고있는 휘발성유기화합물질의 처리기술들로는 소각, 흡착, 산화, 그리고 생물학적 처리 등이 있다. 그러나 이러한 기술은 각기 나름대로의 장점과 단점들, 그리고 적용의 한계성을 가지고 있으며, 아직도 많은 극복해야될 문제점을 가지고 있어서 여전히 연구개발 진행중에 있다. 지금까지 대형 배출원에서 일부 응용되고 있거나 처리시설로 가장 활발히 검토되고 있는 제어기술은 활성탄 흡착을 이용한 흡착처리기술이다. 그러나 실제로 흡착을 이용하여 휘발성유기화합물을 처리하고 있는 많은 업체에서 흡착시설 또는 흡착탑을 효율적으로 이용하지 못하고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2010

Many microbes, including both bacteria and fungi, produce manganese (Mn) oxides by oxidizing soluble Mn(II) to form insoluble Mn(IV) oxide minerals, a kinetically much faster process than abiotic oxidation. These biogenic Mn oxides drive the Mn cycle, coupling it with diverse biogeochemical cycles and determining the bioavailability of environmental contaminants, mainly through strong adsorption and redox reactions. This mini review introduces recent findings based on quantum mechanical density functional theory that reveal the detailed mechanisms of toxic metal adsorption at Mn oxide surfaces and the remarkable role of Mn vacancies in the photochemistry of these minerals.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2004

The adsorption and desorption of Pb, Cd, Co, Zn, Cr, Co, Ni, and Mo on the waste Undaria sp. were studied. Except for Pb. the mono adsorption rate for all heavy metals were lower than that of the heavy metals mixed. However, the adsorption capacity of the heavy metals by 1g of biosorption, in mixed heavy metals increased According to FT-IR analysis of the biosorbent after heavy metal biosorption, the replacement of the functional group by the heavy metals ions could be confirmed and the inverted peaks became larger after heavy metals adsorption. The adsorption equilibrium of heavy metals was reached in about 1 hour. The equilibrium parameters were determined based on Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The affinity of metals on the biosorbent decreased in the following order: Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd>Co. The desorption rate decreased in the following sequence: NTA>$H_2SO_4$>HCl>EDTA. The desorption rate of heavy metals by NTA increased with increase in the concentration from 0.1 to 0.3% but the desorption rate became constant beyond 0.3%. Therefore, it represented that desorption rate of heavy metals was suitable under optimized condition ($30^{\circ}C$, pH 2 and 0.3% NTA solution) and was fast with 80% or more the uptake occurring within 10 min of contact time.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.6 s.102
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• pp.589-593
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• 2005

A laboratory study on the adsorption of nitrate in polluted coastal water using various materials including several types of dredged sediments(ST) and yellow c1ays(YC), which are activated by heat(HT), bioleaching for heavy metal removal(BL) and neutralization(NR) was performed. The equilibrium time of the adsorption for the sediment bioleached and treated by heat(BL-HT-ST) was only 17min which was faster than the sediment bioleached, neutralized and treated by heat(BL-NR-HT-S) (25min) or the sediment treated by the bioleaching process(BL -ST)(27min), but longer equilibrium times for yellow c1ay(YC) or heat treated yellow day(HT- YC) were required. The adsorption processes of nitrate in sea water for tested material could be described by Freundlich isotherm, but were significantly affected by surface characteristics of the materials. The adsorption capacities for raw sediment and heat treated sediment were 2.12 and 2.19mg NO3-N/g, respectively, which were higher than others, indicating that the sediment activated by heat could be used as a material for the improvement of nearshore water quality.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.175-180
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate biosorption of organic matter on EPS(Extracellular Polymeric Substances) at different SRT(Sludge Retention Time) in a SBR(Sequencing Batch Reactor) process, which was operated with the following operation steps : Fill-React-Settle-Decant-Idle. The hydraulic retention time was set to be 24 hours. The results obtained from this study showed that the organic removal efficiency per unit microbial biomass decreased with increasing SRT, and the corresponding EPS amount also did. The percent removal of organic by biosorption increased with SRT, and it reached to 53.2% at SRT of 30 days. However, the highest biosorption per microbial biomass(48.6 mgCOD/gVSS) was found at SRT of 2 days. The EPS analysis was performed by measuring TSS, TCOD$_{Cr}$, and TKN. The EPS production per unit microbial biomass was observed to be high at a low SRT. Due to the above result, the floc formation was hindered and therefore poor settlement of sludge resulted in decreasing the COD removal efficiency. It was therefore concluded that the consideration of the system design should include the characteristic of EPS as well as other factors such as SRT, MLSS, and organic loading.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 2008

Coal-, coconut- and wood-based activated carbons and anthracite were tested to evaluate adsorption and biodegradation performances of chloral hydrate. In the early stage of the operation, the adsorption was the main mechanism for the removal of chloral hydrate, however as increasing populations of attached bacteria, the bacteria played a major role in removing chloral hydrate in the activated carbon and anthracite biofilter. It was also investigated that chloral hydrate was readily subjected to biodegrade. The coal- and coconut-based activated carbons were found to be most effective adsorbents in adsorption of chloral hydrate. Highest populations and activity of attached bacteria were shown in the coal-based activated carbon. The populations and activity of attached bacteria decreased in the order: coconut-based activated carbon > wood-based activated carbon > anthracite. The attached bacteria was inhibited in the removal of chloral hydrate at temperatures below 10$^{\circ}C$. It was more active at higher water temperatures(20$^{\circ}C$ <) but less active at lower water temperature(10$^{\circ}C$>). The removal efficiencies of chloral hydrate obtained by using four different adsorbents were directly related to the water temperatures. Water temperature was the most important factor for removal of chloral hydrate in the anthracite biofilter because the removal of chloral hydrate depended mainly on biodegradation. Therefore, the main removal mechanism of chloral hydrate by applying activated carbon was both adsorption and biodegradation by the attached bacteria. The observation suggests that the application of coalbased activated carbon to the water treatment should be the best for the removal of chloral hydrate.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 1999

A biosorption of azo and reactive dyes into the intact and modified biomass of Penicillium janthinellum were investigated. Initial pH of medium affected the initial adsorption rate and decolorization. The initial optimum pH was found to be 2.0, and the maximum adsorption rates of dyes were $40^{\circ}C$. The reactive dyes called Apollocion Red 7EB, Apollofix Red SF-3B and Apollocion Red H-E3B showed the high initial adsorption rates as 0.06, 0.086 and 0.079 mg/g.min, respectively. A mixture of dyes containing azo and reactive dyes was adsorbed to the biomass of Pen. janthinellum and revealed that the initial adsorption rate was 0.084 mg/g.min. Both percent decolorization and the influence on the dye adsorption rate. Modified biomass of Pen. janthinellum was also investigated for the dye adsorption and the superior dye loading performance was observed compared with the ion-exchange/chelating resins used for removal of Apollocion Red 7EB.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1709-1714
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• 2013

Biological and chemical processes in the refining process can include several steps of chromatographic separation processes. Recently, with the development of biotechnology is important to a lot of attention has been paid to the process in Adsorption chromatography for the separation of biological molecules such as proteins. Therefore, in this paper, we have designed and implemented a simulation system for adsorption process modeling. This system appear visualization for simulation result or curve graph according to adsorption process modeling. The development of this system has been developed to focus on the batch adsorption process simulation program, is limited.