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Removal Characteristics of Chloral Hydrate by Activated Carbons and Biofiltration  

Bae, Sang-Dae (Department of Environmental Engineering, Silla University)
Son, Hee-Jong (Water Quality Research Institute, Waterworks Headquarter)
Jung, Chul-Woo (Ulsan Regional Innovation Agency, Ulsan Industry Promotion Techno Park)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers / v.30, no.2, 2008 , pp. 218-224 More about this Journal
Abstract
Coal-, coconut- and wood-based activated carbons and anthracite were tested to evaluate adsorption and biodegradation performances of chloral hydrate. In the early stage of the operation, the adsorption was the main mechanism for the removal of chloral hydrate, however as increasing populations of attached bacteria, the bacteria played a major role in removing chloral hydrate in the activated carbon and anthracite biofilter. It was also investigated that chloral hydrate was readily subjected to biodegrade. The coal- and coconut-based activated carbons were found to be most effective adsorbents in adsorption of chloral hydrate. Highest populations and activity of attached bacteria were shown in the coal-based activated carbon. The populations and activity of attached bacteria decreased in the order: coconut-based activated carbon > wood-based activated carbon > anthracite. The attached bacteria was inhibited in the removal of chloral hydrate at temperatures below 10$^{\circ}C$. It was more active at higher water temperatures(20$^{\circ}C$ <) but less active at lower water temperature(10$^{\circ}C$>). The removal efficiencies of chloral hydrate obtained by using four different adsorbents were directly related to the water temperatures. Water temperature was the most important factor for removal of chloral hydrate in the anthracite biofilter because the removal of chloral hydrate depended mainly on biodegradation. Therefore, the main removal mechanism of chloral hydrate by applying activated carbon was both adsorption and biodegradation by the attached bacteria. The observation suggests that the application of coalbased activated carbon to the water treatment should be the best for the removal of chloral hydrate.
Keywords
Chloral Hydrate; Activated Carbon; Anthracite; Adsorption; Biodegradation; Disinfection by Products;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
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