• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.82-89
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• 2008

Ideal rotator cuff repair is to maintain high fixation strength and minimize gap formation for optimizing the environment of biologic healing of tendon to bone. Among the current repair techniques, the suture bridge technique is superior to single- or double-row repair in ultimate load to failure, gap formation, restoring anatomical footprint and achieving pressurized contact area. The suture bridge technique also minimizes gap formation and has rotational and torsional resistances allowing early rehabilitation. However, despite superior biomechanical characteristics of the suture bridge technique, there is no evidence that these mechanical advantages result in better clinical outcomes. Furthermore, there is no difference in failure rates between the double-row repair and suture bridge techniques. An appropriate repair technique should be determined based on tear size and pattern and tendon quality.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1304-1310
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• 2015

The period circadian clock gene 3 (PER3) plays a role in the mammalian circadian clocksystem. A regular exercise regime may affect the PER3 transcription in skeletal muscle. Although the effects of day length on circadian and circannual processes are well established in humans and mice, the influence of exercise on these processes in the horse has not been investigated. The present study investigated the expression of the PER3 gene following exercise in a thoroughbred breed of Korean horse. In addition, a comprehensive in silico nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (nsSNP) analysis of the horse PER3 gene and predicted effects of nsSNPs on proteins were examined. The expression of PER3 in skeletal muscle was significantly upregulated after exercise. Four nsSNPs were functionally annotated and analyzed by computational prediction. The total free energy and RMSD values of PER3 gene showed causative mutations. The results showed that nsSNP s395916798 (G72R) was associated with residues that have stabilizing effects on structure and function of PER3 gene. This study documented role of PER3 gene in phenotypic adaptation related to exercise in skeletal muscle. Further, the SNPs in PER3 could serve as useful biomarkers of early recovery after exercise in racehorses.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.240-247
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• 2010

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram (-) opportunistic human pathogen causing a wide variety of infections on lung, urinary tract, eyes, and burn wound sites and quorum sensing (QS), a cell density-sensing mechanism plays an essential role in Pseudomonas pathogenesis. In order to investigate the importance of QS in the Pseudomonas infections of Korean patients, we isolated 189 clinical strains of P. aeruginosa from the patients in Pusan Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea. The QS signal production of these clinical isolates was measured by signal diffusion assay on solid media using reporter strains. While most clinical strains (79.4%) produced the QS signals as similar level as a wild type strain, PAO1 did, where LasR, the initial QS signal sensor-regulator was fully activated, a minority of them (4.2%) produced much less QS signals at the level to which LasR failed to respond. Similarly, while 72.5% of the clinical isolates produced QS signals enough to activate QscR, an another QS signal sensor-regulator, some few of them (9%) produced the QS signals at much lower level where QscR was not activated. For further analysis, we selected 74 clinical strains that were obtained from the patients under suspicion of Pseudomonas infection and investigated the total protease activity that is considered important for virulence. Interestingly, significant portion of them showed very low protease activity (44.6%) or no detectable protease activity (12.2%). When the biofilm-forming ability that is considered very important in chronic infection was examined, most isolates showed lower biofilm-forming activity than PAO1. Similarly, significant portion of clinical isolates showed reduced motility (reduced swarming activity in 51.4% and reduced twitching activity in 41.9%), or non-detectable motility (swarming-negative in 28.4% and twitching-negative in 28.4%). Our result showed that the clinical isolates that produced QS signals at the similar level to wild type could have significantly reduced activities in the protease production, biofilm formation, and motility, and some clinical isolates had unique patterns of motility, biofilm formation, and protease production that are not correlated to their QS activity.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.5-8
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• 1963

A gene analysis study on the lingual movements in a sample of the Korean population was made. The abilities to roll and fold the tongue were tested simultaneously on 1,706 in which were included 258 of women. The results were as follows. 1) The gene frequencies of rolling and folding were estimated as GR , 0.6328 : Gr , 0.3672 ; GF, 0.6871 and Gf , 0.3129. The ability of rolling is dominant to not -rolling and not-folding trait is dominant to folding. 2) There is no interaction between genes of rolling and folding, and they inherit by the simple way of the Mendelian principle , that is , dihybrid of tongue movements reveals that the difference beetween observed and expected values is not significant.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.342-347
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• 2002

Ciliates have the possibility of a new live food in marine finfish culture because of their wide range of body size, thin tell wall, show motility, and fast reproduction rate. In this research, six species of ciliates were isolated from south coast and salt pond in Korea. The fitness of these species as a live food was evaluated in terms of size, motility, suspensibility and cell density. As the result, Euplotes sp. (K-1) was found suitable to be a new live food which might substitute rotifers, Brachionus plintilis and B. rotundiformis in fish larvae culture. The modified $F{\emptyset}yn's$ Erdschreiberd media, MErds-2 with the addition of glycine, glucose and yeast extract increased six times higher growth rate of Euplotes sp. (K-1) than the basic F$\emptyset$yn's Erdschreiberd media. The optimum water temperature, pH and light intensity for this ciliates were $22.5^{\circ}C$, 8 and 2,000 lux, respectively, and its culture environmental range was relatively wide, On the other hand, this ciliate fed baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cererisiae grew up to 1,240 inds./mL with the inocula of 100 inds./mL within 7 days. The results of the study showed that Euplotes sp. (K-1) has a potential to be utilized as a new live food in fish larvae culture.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2001

Recently many studies have reported that total and bioavailable androgens reduced in male and female athletes and that physical exercise reduces the body weight and increases the reproductive abnormalities such as oligomenorrhea, anovulation, inadequate luteal phase, and delayed puberty in women by the inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis . In addition, high mileage endurance 겨nning, psychological stress, and military endurance training in men also reduce the secretion of reproductive hormones. To investigate the efffcts of physical endurance exercise on the secretion of reproductive hormones in men, androgenic hormones from adrenal glands and testis were measured in serum by the conventional radioimmunoassays after long-term (more than3 months), short-term (1 week), and acute (1${sim}$2 hours) physical exercises. Androgenic hormones from adrenal glands and testis such as total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (fT), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and androstenedione (A) decreased after thesestrenuous endurance trainings, whereas ACTH, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfetes (DHEAS) increased. Conadotropins (LH and FSH) were not idluenced by the physical exercises. Based upon the present results, we assume that the decrease in adrenal and testicular androgens by physical endurance exercises might be associated with the reproductive abnormalities in athletes by unknown factor(s) in addition to the HPG axis disturbance.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.184-193
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• 2007

Objectives:There is increasing evidence that the cerebellum plays an important role in cognition and psychiatric symptoms as well as motor coordination. The concept of cognitive dysmetria has been making cerebellar function in schizophrenia the focus of current studies. In other words, disruption in the corticocerebellum-thalamic -cortical circuit could lead to disordered cognition and clinical symptoms of schizophrenia. The purposes of this study were to determine cerebellar dysfunction in male schizophrenic patients semiquantitatively with ICARS and to investigate the clinical and cognitive correlates of ICARS in patients. Methods:We compared the scores of cerebellar neurologic sign using ICARS in 47 male patients with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of schizophrenia with 30 gender and age-matched healthy control subjects. The semiquantitative 100-point ICARS consists of 19 items divided into 4 unequally weighted subscores:posture and gait disturbances, kinetic functions, speech disorders and oculomotor disorders. All subjects were also assessed with cognitive function test. Cognitive functions were evaluated by Korean-Mini Mental Status Examination (K-MMSE), Verbal fluency test, and Clock drawing test. The patients were administered Korea version of Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(K-PANSS) to assess the symptom severity. Results:Schizophrenic patients had significantly higher scores on the ICARS than control subjects with posture and gait disturbances, kinetic functions, and oculomotor disorders. They also showed more significant impairments in cognitive function tests than control subjects. There was a significant correlation between ICARS and negative symptoms of patients. In cognitive function test, Clock drawing test was significantly associated with negative symptoms. In addition, Clock drawing test was negatively correlated with the total score of ICARS. Conclusion:In this study, we confirmed that schizophrenic patients have significant impairments in cognitive and cerebellar function, and that those were related with negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients. These results support a role of the cerebellum in schizophrenia. It is meaningful that we used a structured, and reliable procedure for rating neurological soft signs, ICARS. We hope that future prospective studies using a similar design help that rate of neurological sign should have been visible with the progression of illness.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2008

Objectives : Neurological soft signs have been regarded as endophenotypes associated with the genetic basis of schizophrenia. This study was to investigate the intra-familial correlations of the neurological soft signs according to their genetic loading. Methods : Schizophrenic patients(N=14) were included, who had one parent with a family history of schizophrenia and the other without it. Genetic loading was determined by the patient's family history of schizophrenia using the Family Interview for Genetic Studies(FIGS). These parents were subdivided into two groups. The first group was designated as 'presumed carriers'(N=9) of genetic loading, who had one or more schizophreic firstor second-degree relatives. The second group was designated as 'presumed non-carriers'(N=11) of genetic loading, who had no schizophrenic first- or second-degree relatives. Normal controls(N=12) consisted of people without schizophrenic relatives. NSS were evaluated using the Neurological Evaluation Scale-Korean Version (NES-K), and the intra-familial correlations of NSS were tested using the Intra-Class Coefficients(ICC) method. Results : The scores of Motor Coordination subdimension of NES-K were significantly correlated between the patients and their presumed carriers(ICC=.804, p=.016), but not significantly correlated between the patients and their presumed noncarriers. In other subdimensions of NES-K, no significant correlation were found between the patients and their parents regardless of the genetic loading. But, there were no statistically significant differences in the scores of Motor Coordination subdimension of NES-K between the patients and controls. Conclusion : This study did not prove that the neurological soft signs might be an endophenotype of schizophrenia that cosegregate with the genetic loading. The future study using more subjects than this would be needed.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.37-45
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• 2012

To select bacterial strains with antifungal activity against an anthracnose fungal disease causing damage severely on hot pepper, previous isolates obtained from plant root samples were screened. Among 457 isolates, IA70-5 isolate was finally selected and identified as Streptomyces padanus based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Strain IA70-5 is non-pigmenteous, non-mobile, and filamentous. S. padanus IA70-5 inhibited effectively the mycelium growth, spore germination, and appressorium formation of Colletotrichum acutatum in vitro. The results of this study demonstrated that IA70-5 strain, especially applied on fruit of hot pepper, decreased disease incidence 90% for pre-inoculation before pathogen treatment. Taken together, S. padanus IA70-5 strain is a promising biological control agent to control of a major fungal pepper disease, anthracnose.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1575-1580
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• 2010

Recently, the development of bio-mimetic underwater vehicles that can emulate the characteristic movements of marine fish and mammals has attracted considerable attention. In this study, the motion of the batoid (i.e., cownose ray) fin that facilitates excellent cruising and maneuvering during underwater movement has been studied. The velocity achieved and distance covered with each fin movement are numerically studied. A fluid-structure interaction method is used to perform 3D time-dependent numerical analysis, wherein an adaptive mesh is employed to account for the large deformation of a fin interacting with a fluid. The results of a preliminary study show that the thrust of a ray fin is highly dependent on the frequency. Further, once the fin amplitude required for generating a given thrust is evaluated for the conditions experienced by an actual ray, the frequency and amplitude values for achieving better thrust are determined.