• Title/Summary/Keyword: 상황관리

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The Effects of Service Quality on Shopping Value and Repatronage Intention: The Case of Specialty Coffee Shops (서비스 품질이 쇼핑가치와 재이용의도에 미치는 영향: 커피전문점을 중심으로)

  • Cho, Hyun-Jin
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.21-28
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    • 2012
  • While recent economic stagnation has left consumers dispirited, rapid growth has been seen in the domestic coffee industry recently. With the growth in coffee consumption, a tremendous increase in the number of specialty coffee shops has been seen in the domestic coffee market. The expectation that markets specializing in coffee will continue to grow for a long time will cause existing enterprises to expand their shops and increase the rate of entry of new shops. Intense competition in the domestic coffee market will force companies to create a competitive advantage through differentiated marketing strategies. This paper focuses on how the shopping value and repatronage intention of customers using coffee shops is affected by service quality. Moreover, this paper intends to examine the service quality that is critical for the successful management of relationships and the values that are important to consumers. For these purposes, the discriminative effect of service quality on shopping value was analyzed and the effect of utilitarian and hedonic value on repatronage intention was reviewed. The results of this study are detailed below. First, interaction and outcome quality can positively affect the hedonic value, whereas environment quality is not meaningful for utilitarian value. Considering the relative effect on utilitarian value outcome, the effect of outcome quality is greater than that of interaction. This result shows that the role of outcome quality is most important for improving utilitarian value. Second, outcome and environment quality positively affect hedonic value; however, interaction quality does not meaningfully increase hedonic value. These results indicate that customers recognize hedonic value on the basis of their evaluation of the service outcomes and the background to delivery service. In particular, it was revealed that the relative effect of outcome quality on hedonic value is greater than that of environment quality. Third, both utilitarian value and hedonic value had a positive effect on repatronage intention. The relative influence of the hedonic value is that the shopping value affects the repatronage intention more than the utilitarian value. These results mean that customers recognize coffee shops as spaces for satisfying utilitarian and hedonic values, and they place more importance on the benefits of the emotional experience than functional needs. Finally, this study suggests that output quality is more important than other service factors, and the results of this paper give some implications to the coffee shop industry that customers seek utilitarian needs based on economic value and place more weight on hedonic value, such as that offered by relationship media.

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Clinical Characteristics of Asthmatic Patients Who Visited Emergency Room (응급실로 내원한 천식환자들의 임상적 특성)

  • Suh, Jung-Kyung;Lee, So-Ra;Lee, Sang-Youb;Lee, Sang-Hwa;Cho, Jae-Youn;Shim, Jae-Jeong;In, Kwang-Ho;Kang, Kyung-Ho;Yoo, Se-Hwa
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.290-297
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    • 1997
  • Background : Despite remarkable progress of understanding the pathophysiology and therapy of bronchial asthma, asthma morbidity and mortality are on the rise. Also hospitalization and attending rates of emergency department for asthma have been increasing gradually. We analyzed clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients who visited emergency room due to asthma attack in order to define clinical characteristics of these group of patients. Method : We reviewed 105 adult asthmatic patients who attended emergency department of Korea University Hospital between August 1995 and July 1996, retrospectively. Results : 103 patients(56 female, 47 males, mean age : 48.6 years) attended-68 self referral, 18 practitioner referral and 17 OPD transfer- and 86 patients(83.5%) were admitted. Attending emergncy department was clearly more frequent in December(13.6%) and May(12.6%). Time lag between onset of asthmatic attack and arrival at the hospital was $14.2{\pm}15.5$ hour and initial peak expiratory flow rate was $166.7{\pm}68.3L/min$.(43.3% predicted) The commonest cause for visiting emergency room was aggravation of asthma due to upper respiratory tract infection in mild asthmatics. About half of them had history of previous ER visits. Their prognosis was not bad, but after discharge, about half of patients escaped from OPD follow-up. Conclusion : As a group they merit detailed attention and follow up arrangement. Clinician need to monitor and review the treatment plans, the medications, the patient's management technique, and the level of asthma control. For this group, plans for longer term treatment, including asthma education program and adjustment of overall treatment plan should be made.

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Comparative Quantitative Study of Surfactant Protein C mRNA by Filter Hybridization and Solution Hybridization in Rats (Filter Hybridization과 Solution Hybridization 방법에 의한 백서 Surfactant Protein C mRNA 정량측정의 비교)

  • Kim, Jin-Ho;Sohn, Jang-Won;Yang, Seok-Chul;Yoon, Ho-Joo;Shin, Dong-Ho;Park, Sung-Soo
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.51 no.6
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    • pp.517-529
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    • 2001
  • Background : Surfactant protein C(SP-C) is a hydrophobic 5,000 dalton molecule. SP-C has the primary roles in accelerating surface spreading of a surfactant phospholipid. The filter hybridization and solution hybridization assays are both rapid and sensitive and can be used to measure the RNAs complementary to any cloned DNA sequence. Methods : The authors measured the SP-C mRNA levels quantitatively using solution hybridization and filter hybridization assays to obtain a standard curve equation to quantify the mRNA of unknown samples comparatively. Results : 1. The minimum level of the specimens by solution hybridization was 3 pg for SP-C mRNA. 2. The standard curve equation of the solution hybridization assay between the counts per minute(Y) and the SP-C mRNA transcript input(X) was Y=6.46 X+244. The correlation coefficient was 0.99. 3. The minimum detection level of specimens by filter hybridization was 0.1 ng for SP-C mRNA. 4. The standard curve equation of the filter hybridization assay between the counts per minute(Y) and SP-C mRNA transcript input(X) is Y=2541.6 X+252.7. The correlation coefficient was 0.99. Conclusions : A comparison of CPM/filter in the linear range allowed an accurate and reproducible estimation of the SP-C mRNA copy number. Filter hybridization and solution hybridization assays are both rapid and sensitive and can be used to measure the RNAs complementary to any cloned DNA sequence. It is ideally suited to situations where accurate quantitation of multiple samples is required.

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The Forest Experience Program and Improvement of Depression, Anxiety, and Self-concept in Adolescents (산림 체험 프로그램이 청소년의 우울감, 불안감, 자아상에 미치는 영향)

  • Chang, Jisoon;Kim, Nam Young;Lee, Suk Hee;Kim, Bongseog
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.104 no.1
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    • pp.127-132
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    • 2015
  • Aim of this study was to investigate the influence of forest experience program on depression, anxiety, and self concept in adolescents living in urban area. A total of 47 adolescents living in Seoul, South Korea were recruited for the study and participated in a series of forest experience programs that the Korea National Park Service had developed. Before and after applying the program, their depression, anxiety, and self concept were evaluated using Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Revised Child Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), and Offer Self Image Questionnaire-Revised (OSIQ). The outcome measures were analyzed using paired-t tests. CDI score was significantly reduced after the program (before:$12.41{\pm}8.34$, after:$8.65{\pm}9.48$). Excluding 16 participants whose scores of Lie Scale in the RCMAS were more than 8 on the analysis, the total RCMAS score showed significant reduction after the program (before:$14.87{\pm}7.30$, after:$10.81{\pm}7.81$). There was no significant difference in the total score of the total self-image scale in the OSIQ. However, the Self-confidence (SC) which was used as subscale of the OSIQ was significantly higher after the program (before:$29.94{\pm}3.71$, after:$38.11{\pm}6.45$), and the Idealism scale (I) in the OSIQ increased significantly after the program (before:$21.03{\pm}3.80$, after:$23.17{\pm}3.89$). On our analysis, the forest experience program showed considerable positive effects on depression and anxiety in adolescents. This result leads the postulation that the program might be helpful for adolescents to adapt to their surrounding experiences and to achieve improvement in interpersonal relationship.

A Study on contents related to geography in "Myriad Things"(萬物門) of $Miscellaneous$ $Explanations$ $of$ $Seongho$(星湖僿說) (성호사설 '만물문(萬物門)'의 지리 관련내용 고찰)

  • Sohn, Yong-Taek
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.47 no.1
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    • pp.60-78
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    • 2012
  • The main objective of this study is to conduct subnational population projections of Korea based on a Myriad Things" (萬物門), which is part of Seongho's representative work entitled $Miscellaneous$ $Explanations$ $of$ $Seongho$ (星湖僿說), has been in this paper in order to understand Seongho's "thinking on geography". To do so, contents related to geography were selected and these were discussed and interpreted in terms of the classification system of today's geographical knowledge. Following is the result of this research. First, information on astronomical geography and natural geography such as uplift, tornado, structure of soil, and the $yut$ board as well as humangeographical topics such as wild $ginseng$, cigarettes, hot pepper, traditional fruits and nuts (chestnuts, jujubes, and persimmons), Goryeo paper (Korean paper), mulberry trees, cotton plants, natural dye, policy about horses, magnetic compass needles, and farming implements for rice transplantation are mentioned in "Myriad Things" in relation to geography. Second, the depth of information described varies from topic to topic, but the topics on tornado and magnetic compass needles, horses, wild ginseng, traditional fruits and nuts, and $yut$ board are described in depth and in detail. Third, authenticity of the contents on these topics are "true" insofar as bibliographical information and citations are provided for support. Fourth, these topics reflect the interests and circumstances that are related to the "economic improvement of common people's livelihood" in those days, such as agriculture, crops, and transportation of goods. Fifth, the bibliography and citations explaining all instances reveal that China (Qing) is a great civilization of the advanced world and that the scholarship of Joseon relied on and accepted it. Sixth, except for horse raising and management, farming implements for rice transplantation, sericulture, and natural dying of cloth, most of the topics are useful even today. In short, theres is a profound aspect to the content that makes it possible to estimate the "geographical thinking". In general, the focus of the content of this book directly linked to the practical agricultural economy of the common people.

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Selection Model of System Trading Strategies using SVM (SVM을 이용한 시스템트레이딩전략의 선택모형)

  • Park, Sungcheol;Kim, Sun Woong;Choi, Heung Sik
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.59-71
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    • 2014
  • System trading is becoming more popular among Korean traders recently. System traders use automatic order systems based on the system generated buy and sell signals. These signals are generated from the predetermined entry and exit rules that were coded by system traders. Most researches on system trading have focused on designing profitable entry and exit rules using technical indicators. However, market conditions, strategy characteristics, and money management also have influences on the profitability of the system trading. Unexpected price deviations from the predetermined trading rules can incur large losses to system traders. Therefore, most professional traders use strategy portfolios rather than only one strategy. Building a good strategy portfolio is important because trading performance depends on strategy portfolios. Despite of the importance of designing strategy portfolio, rule of thumb methods have been used to select trading strategies. In this study, we propose a SVM-based strategy portfolio management system. SVM were introduced by Vapnik and is known to be effective for data mining area. It can build good portfolios within a very short period of time. Since SVM minimizes structural risks, it is best suitable for the futures trading market in which prices do not move exactly the same as the past. Our system trading strategies include moving-average cross system, MACD cross system, trend-following system, buy dips and sell rallies system, DMI system, Keltner channel system, Bollinger Bands system, and Fibonacci system. These strategies are well known and frequently being used by many professional traders. We program these strategies for generating automated system signals for entry and exit. We propose SVM-based strategies selection system and portfolio construction and order routing system. Strategies selection system is a portfolio training system. It generates training data and makes SVM model using optimal portfolio. We make $m{\times}n$ data matrix by dividing KOSPI 200 index futures data with a same period. Optimal strategy portfolio is derived from analyzing each strategy performance. SVM model is generated based on this data and optimal strategy portfolio. We use 80% of the data for training and the remaining 20% is used for testing the strategy. For training, we select two strategies which show the highest profit in the next day. Selection method 1 selects two strategies and method 2 selects maximum two strategies which show profit more than 0.1 point. We use one-against-all method which has fast processing time. We analyse the daily data of KOSPI 200 index futures contracts from January 1990 to November 2011. Price change rates for 50 days are used as SVM input data. The training period is from January 1990 to March 2007 and the test period is from March 2007 to November 2011. We suggest three benchmark strategies portfolio. BM1 holds two contracts of KOSPI 200 index futures for testing period. BM2 is constructed as two strategies which show the largest cumulative profit during 30 days before testing starts. BM3 has two strategies which show best profits during testing period. Trading cost include brokerage commission cost and slippage cost. The proposed strategy portfolio management system shows profit more than double of the benchmark portfolios. BM1 shows 103.44 point profit, BM2 shows 488.61 point profit, and BM3 shows 502.41 point profit after deducting trading cost. The best benchmark is the portfolio of the two best profit strategies during the test period. The proposed system 1 shows 706.22 point profit and proposed system 2 shows 768.95 point profit after deducting trading cost. The equity curves for the entire period show stable pattern. With higher profit, this suggests a good trading direction for system traders. We can make more stable and more profitable portfolios if we add money management module to the system.

A Study on Intake of Adult Men and Women according to Intake of Improving Agents (성인 남녀의 건강 증진제 섭취에 따른 영양 섭취 상태)

  • Choi, Mi-Kyeong;Lee, Yoon-Shin
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.732-738
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    • 2008
  • This study was carried out to examine information regarding nutritional intake according to intake of health improving agents. For this study, 593 adults were interviewed face-to-face. The average ages of the participants were 58.8 years old in males and 56.1 years old in females. The percentage of individuals taking agents was significantly higher (p<0.05) among the females (22.1%) than the males (14.1%). Men showed a preference for taking animal protein bases restorative food and health supplements, while women preferred health supplements and nutritional supplements as improving agents. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups. The total daily food intake was also not significantly different according to intake of improving agents in the male and female groups. The male subjects who took improving agents showed significantly lower intake of potato and starches, pulses, fungi and mushrooms, seaweeds, oils and fat, as well as seasoning than those of non-users. Female subjects who took these agents also had a significantly lower intake of pulses, nuts and seeds than nonusers. No difference in the daily energy intake was reported in male and female groups whether the individuals were taking improving agents in male and female groups or not. However, in male subjects who took improving agents, there was a significantly lower intake of protein, dietary fiber, carotene, vitamin $B_1$, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, plant calcium, potassium and plant iron than the male non-users. This study suggests that practical education be emphasized for proper nutrition intake thorough nutritional management according to improving agents.

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WATER CHLOROFORM LEVELS IN INDOOR SWIMMING POOLS IN A CITY OF KOREA AND IN A CITY OF NEW JERSEY IN THE UNITED STATES (국내 및 미국 뉴저지주의 수영장 물에서의 클로로포름)

  • 조완근
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.101-109
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    • 1994
  • Chlorinated water in swimming pools contains chloroform at elevated levels compared to chlorinated drinking water Chloroform levels in four indoor swimming pools(swimming pools A, B and C in a city of Korea and swimming pool D in a city of New Jersey in the United States) were examined. The chloroform levels in the water of swimming pool C (city-managed) weve shown to be significantly(p=0.0001) different from those of private swimming pools A and B: the mean chloroform levels in the pools A, B, and C are 22.8, 17.8, and 31.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l, respectively. Furthermore, all of these chloroform levels are significantly(P=0.0001) different from those of New Jersey: chloroform concentration of the Korean pools ranged from 10.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$.l to 47.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l with a mean of 23.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l, while it ranged from 27 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l to 96$\mu\textrm{g}$/l with a mean of 64.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l in the New Jersey pool. The disinfection processes would cause part of this difference since the swimming pools in Korea applied both chlorination and ozonation method, while the swimming pool in New Jersey used chlorination method only. It was implied that swimming parameters inconsistently vary, resulting in fluctuation of and no constant accumulation of chloroform in the water with the change of time for the day. A regression analysis showed no relationships between sampling time and chloroform concentrations for the sampling day in the swimming pools of Korea. A F-test indicated no significant difference of chloroform concentrations in the morning and afternoon samples collected in the swimming pools. Ingestion dose was estimated to be 0.58$\mu\textrm{g}$ from an hour swimming in a city of Korea, taking into accounting an average of 23.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l in swimming pools in the city In extreme situation, the ingestion dose was estimated to be 12.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$ from an hour swimming in a city of Korea.

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A Methodology for Automatic Multi-Categorization of Single-Categorized Documents (단일 카테고리 문서의 다중 카테고리 자동확장 방법론)

  • Hong, Jin-Sung;Kim, Namgyu;Lee, Sangwon
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.77-92
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    • 2014
  • Recently, numerous documents including unstructured data and text have been created due to the rapid increase in the usage of social media and the Internet. Each document is usually provided with a specific category for the convenience of the users. In the past, the categorization was performed manually. However, in the case of manual categorization, not only can the accuracy of the categorization be not guaranteed but the categorization also requires a large amount of time and huge costs. Many studies have been conducted towards the automatic creation of categories to solve the limitations of manual categorization. Unfortunately, most of these methods cannot be applied to categorizing complex documents with multiple topics because the methods work by assuming that one document can be categorized into one category only. In order to overcome this limitation, some studies have attempted to categorize each document into multiple categories. However, they are also limited in that their learning process involves training using a multi-categorized document set. These methods therefore cannot be applied to multi-categorization of most documents unless multi-categorized training sets are provided. To overcome the limitation of the requirement of a multi-categorized training set by traditional multi-categorization algorithms, we propose a new methodology that can extend a category of a single-categorized document to multiple categorizes by analyzing relationships among categories, topics, and documents. First, we attempt to find the relationship between documents and topics by using the result of topic analysis for single-categorized documents. Second, we construct a correspondence table between topics and categories by investigating the relationship between them. Finally, we calculate the matching scores for each document to multiple categories. The results imply that a document can be classified into a certain category if and only if the matching score is higher than the predefined threshold. For example, we can classify a certain document into three categories that have larger matching scores than the predefined threshold. The main contribution of our study is that our methodology can improve the applicability of traditional multi-category classifiers by generating multi-categorized documents from single-categorized documents. Additionally, we propose a module for verifying the accuracy of the proposed methodology. For performance evaluation, we performed intensive experiments with news articles. News articles are clearly categorized based on the theme, whereas the use of vulgar language and slang is smaller than other usual text document. We collected news articles from July 2012 to June 2013. The articles exhibit large variations in terms of the number of types of categories. This is because readers have different levels of interest in each category. Additionally, the result is also attributed to the differences in the frequency of the events in each category. In order to minimize the distortion of the result from the number of articles in different categories, we extracted 3,000 articles equally from each of the eight categories. Therefore, the total number of articles used in our experiments was 24,000. The eight categories were "IT Science," "Economy," "Society," "Life and Culture," "World," "Sports," "Entertainment," and "Politics." By using the news articles that we collected, we calculated the document/category correspondence scores by utilizing topic/category and document/topics correspondence scores. The document/category correspondence score can be said to indicate the degree of correspondence of each document to a certain category. As a result, we could present two additional categories for each of the 23,089 documents. Precision, recall, and F-score were revealed to be 0.605, 0.629, and 0.617 respectively when only the top 1 predicted category was evaluated, whereas they were revealed to be 0.838, 0.290, and 0.431 when the top 1 - 3 predicted categories were considered. It was very interesting to find a large variation between the scores of the eight categories on precision, recall, and F-score.

An Emergence of Tigers and Leopards in the Palace During the Joseon Period from the Environmental Historical Perspective (환경사 관점에서 본 조선시대 궁궐에 범과 표범의 출몰)

  • Hong, Hyoung-Soon
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.1-15
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    • 2018
  • This study aims to investigate an aspect of physical palace by reviewing the emergences of tigers and leopards in the palace in Hanyang from the environmental historical perspective. To do so, three topics in environmental history were reviewed including 'environment,' 'impact of human-beings on the environment,' and 'sense and attitude of human-beings on the environment' based on the historical records such as "'Wangjoshilok(王朝實錄)". The results of this study are as follows. First, It was confirmed that leopards and tigers were emerged not only in the palace but also near the City Wall of Hanyang from time to time in Joseon Dynasty. Moreover, tigers lived and propagated in the backyard. Second, This situation may be caused by the natural factors of palace in Hanyang including location, philosophy and technique of building, and so on. That means 'good location' placed by palace worked favorably not only for human-beings but also for the activities of tigers and leopards. Third, In addition to the locational environment, forest policies on the palace and capital may facilitate the emergences of leopards and tigers. With the managements of pine trees, prohibition of burials, prohibition of climbing, prohibition of mountain entrance, and so on, forests were developed in the mountainous territories, which might play a role of shelters or passages for the tigers and leopards. Fourth, It was confirmed that countermeasures on the emergences of tigers in the palace as well as the capital city were different by the kings. Out of these, Jeong-jo was highlighted to seek the realistic countermeasures with actual understanding on the emergences of tigers and leopards. Fifth, In summary, frequent emergences of tigers and leopards in the palace and capital city could be a practical evidence to show 'pro-naturalism' or 'eco-friendliness' of the palace in Joseon which was mentioned superficially, paradoxically speaking. Further studies with the related disciplines are required on the cultural or ecological history of the palace. In addition, it is considered to conduct more detailed scientific studies related to the trend of ecological changes in Joseon.