• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2011

This study is to identify perceptions and response degrees of anxiety for each factor, targeting patients for CT test and analyze the relations between factors. It is to provide scientific fundamental data to reduce anxiety by improving awareness of patients about CT test by analyzing relations between variables. The subjects of this study were surveyed in self-writing type, targeting 263 patients for CT test in the department of radiology at three University hospitals from July to September, 2010. This survey was executed once by a structured self-administered survey type. The targeting patients for CT test of anxiety will investigate for affect. Anxiety by each CT test variables depending on CT test-related features showed independent variable is Expense Responsibility, Economic burden, Sufficient explain, Explain agent, Endoscope, Biopsy, Pre treatment, Previous experience, CT side effect experience, Side effect of contrast medium and dependent variable is physical, Hospital staff, Hospital environment, Socioeconomic These used statistics program SPSS (ver. 13.0). Summarizing the above results of this study, awareness of anxiety and response to it in each variable under CT test appeared significant differences in economic burdens, state anxiety, pre-treatment anxiety, exposure anxiety to radiation, and anxiety of side effect. Therefore, pre-treatment before test and pre-training programs on chemical poison of contrast medium and side effect seem to be able to release patients' anxiety level for CT test. Ways to meditate these anxiety variables and reduce degree of anxiety are needed to be researched more and updated. In addition, impact of patients' economic burdens on CT test anxiety is required to be recognized and solved in society level.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2007

Purpose: It has been reported that children with chronic pain have higher levels of anxiety than age-matched controls. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the relationship between anxiety and recurrent abdominal pain in elementary school children. Methods: In 2005, we surveyed 1,254 elementary school children (592 boys and 662 girls) whose ages ranged from 7 to 12 years. The degree of trait and state anxiety was compared between agroup suffering from intermittent abdominal pain, a group suffering from recurrent abdominal pain and a normal control group following the Korean version of Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory YZ form (STAI-YZ). Results: 709 (56.5%) and 69 (5.5%) of the patients reported intermittent abdominal pain and and recurrent abdominal pain, respectively, during the 12 month period before this study was conducted, and trait and state anxiety values for each of these groups was 116 (9.3%) and 63 (5.0%), respectively. In addition, the State-Trait Anxiety score was significantly higher in the group with intermittent abdominal pain and RAP than the anxiety score of the normal control group. Additionally, the STAI-YZ score increased in proportion to the severity of abdominal pain, but was not correlated with the duration, frequency, onset time or location of abdominal pain. Furthermore, the proportion of the group with abdominal pain in the group that had trait or state anxiety was significantly higher than the proportion of the group that did not have trait and state anxiety. Conclusion: Recurrent abdominal pain during childhood is correlated with state and trait anxiety, therefore, psychological factors, such as anxiety duringtreatment, must also be considered when determining the cause of recurrent abdominal pain.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.136-143
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• 2000

1. Purpose of study : In Oriental Traditional medicine, especially in Sasang Constitutional Medicine the mind and the body are not separated. Psychological characteristics are very important as well as physical characteristics in Sasang Constitutional Medicine. This study was performed to investigate the psychological characteristics of Sasang Constitution. 2. Subjects and Methode of Study : Subjects were 63 persons. There were male 54 and female 9 who were healthy. There were Taeumin 35, Soumin 17, and Soyangin 11. We judged Sasang Constitution in QSCC II and the diagnosis by a medical specialist. The degree of depression and anxiety was determined by Beck's Depression Inventory(BDI) and State-Trait Axiety Inventroy(STAI, State Anxiety : S-A, Trait Anxiety : T-A). We studied the psychological characteristics - Depression and Anxiety - in the Sasang Constitution by analyzing BDI and STAI scores. 3. Result of study : 1) The score of STAI(S-A) in Soeumin(少陰人) group was significantly higher than that in Taeumin(太陰人) group. 2) The score of STAI(T-A) in Soeumin(少陰人) group was significantly higher than that in Taeumin(太陰人) group and Soyangin(少陽人) group. 3) The score of BDI in Soeumin(少陰人) group was higher than that in Taeumin(太陰人) group and Soyangin(少陽人) group, but it was not significant statistically. 4. Conclusion of study These result suggest that Soeumin(少陰人) is more anxious than Soyangin(少陽人) and Taeumin(太陰人).

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.76-85
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• 2004

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the emotional state and personality characteristics of patient with panic disorder. Methods: Twenty patients with panic disorder, 21 patients with somatoform disorder, and 20 normal healthy controls were studied. Korean version of Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) and Korean standardized edition of Cattell's 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire(16-PF) were used for assessment. Statistically, One-way ANOVA with Scheffe test were used by SPSS/PC for windows. Results: 1) Total score of BDI was higher in the panic group than the somatoform group and normal control group(p<0.001). 2) Total score of state anxiety and trait anxiety in the panic group was higher than the somatoform group and normal control group(p<0.001). 3) In 16 PF, there were no definitely abnormal range of scores. But in first-stratum source traits of 16PF, the panic group was higher than the somatoform group and normal healthy group in O-factor (p<0.01) and Q4-factor(p<0.001). In second-stratum source traits of 16PF, the panic group was higher than the somatoform group in ANX-factor(p<0.05), but lower than normal control group in TOUfactor(p<0.05). 4) There were no differences in the panic subgroup according to sex and cutoff points of BDI score 16 and STAI-T score 54. 5) According to cutoff point of STAI-S score 52, the panic subgroup above 52 was higher than the panic subgroup under 52 in G-factor(p<0.001), Q3-factor(p<0.05) and SUP-factor(p<0.001), but lower in L-factor(p<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that emotional state of patients with panic disorder are depressive and anxious as compared with patients with somatoform disorder and normal controls. Patients with panic disorder did not show any abnormal personality characteristics but were more guilt-prone, anxious, emotionally sensitive. We propose that the understanding of panic patients' emotional state and personality characteristics will helpful to treat and manage in patient with panic disorder.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.221-230
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine whether parenting stress is related to anxiety in children with ADHD. The data were provided by 112 children between the ages of 7 and 9. Forty nine children with a diagnosis of ADHD were recruited through 3 departments of child psychiatry and 63 normal children were recruited from elementary schools from the same city. The Korean version of Parenting Stress Index-Short Form was used to assess parenting stress and the Korean version of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children was used to assess the level of anxiety. The results show that children with ADHD have significantly higher levels of anxiety and parenting stress than normal children. However, no significant differences in parenting stress and anxiety were found across gender, age, and the type of ADHD. Significant correlation was found between trait anxiety and parental distress and between state anxiety and difficult child. Parenting stress didn't significantly influence on anxiety in children with ADHD. Occupational therapist need to consider that the anxiety level of children with ADHD is different from normal children. It is needed for interventions for children with anxiety symptoms and also consultation and intervention for parents with parenting stress.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.545-555
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• 2015

We investigated the influence of negative emotion such as state-trait anxiety and depression and working memory (WM) on Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning (FLVL) of South Korean university students. Also, its implications for developing contents for FLVL were discerned. To do so, state-trait anxiety and depression inventories as well as four kinds of WM test were performed for 132 undergraduate students. Participants also had two semantic learning sessions for Swahili words. The mean scores of negative emotions were normal level. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that there was no effect of negative emotion on FLVL, while direct effects of the negative emotion on WM and the WM on FLVL were significant. Such results suggested that FLVL would be weakened, with the result that WM had been impaired by negative emotions. These outcomes suggested that when developing FLVL content for university students, it is necessary to consider the negative emotions of foreign language learners and to develop the contents for FLVL in the light of WM load.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.107-119
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• 1997

Objectives: The psychophysiologic response pattern between healthy subjects and patients with generalized anxiety disorder, and the relationship among anxiety rating scales and those patterns in patients were examined. Methods: Twenty-three patients with generalized anxiety disorder(AD) and 23 healthy subjects were evaluated by Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HRSA) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory before baseline stressful tasks. Subjective Units of Distress were evaluated just before baseline period, immediately after stressful tasks, at the end of the entire procedure, and psychophysiologic measures, i.e., skin temperature(ST), electromyographic activity(EMG), heart rate(HR), electrodermal response(EDR) during baseline & rest and during two psychologically stressful tasks (mental arithmetic, TM; talk about a stressful event, TT) were also evaluated. Results: 1) AD group showed significantly higher EMG level during rest after stressful tasks and higher HR level during all period except TM compared to control group. 2) AD group showed lower change in the startle response(SR) of ST, in the SR & the recovery response(RR) of EMG during TM, and in the RR of EDR immediately after TM than control group. AD group showed that the RR of EDR was significantly lower than the SR during stressful tasks. 3) We found that there was significantly negative correlation between state anxiety and the RR of EDR after TT in AD group. We also found that there were significantly positive correlations between HRSA score and the SRs of EDR during stressful tasks, and between state anxiety and the SR of EDR during TT. Conclusion: Our results suggest that patients with generalized anxiety disorder show higher autonomic arousal than healthy subjects and decreased physiologic flexibility or reduced autonomic flexibility.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop Music Recall Technique for affect modification using programmed series of classical music, and further to apply the technique as therapeutic intervention for clients with anorexia nervosa. Music Recall Technique is composed of two sub-technique: first one is 'Music Recall(MR)' which is the way to reproduce of existing music on one's head and mind after listening to the music, and second intervention is 'Creative Music Recall(CMR)' which is the way to modify the exposed musical pieces or newly learned musical pieces. A client with anorexia nervosa with severe anxiety, anger and depression participated in this case study. The MRT is implemented in different stages pertaining to client's level of utilizing the music recall skill for the period of 10 sessions. Situations eliciting negative emotions were identified and music recalling was reinforced for the pertaining situation in order for the negative emotion to be coped and reduced by the end of session time. The client participated for 10 sessions, and was asked to fill out self-report on the affect change using MRT. Visual Analogue Scale was used for pre and post test for each session to measure the self perceived level of negative affect. State-trait anxiety inventory was also used to measure the anxiety level following the implementation of MRT. As results, negative emotions, such as anxiety, anger and depression were modified during stimulative-sedative music recall process. These negative emotions were decreased mostly during stimulative MR, especially, in the beginning process. Each negative affect on negative situation measured by VAS during each and entire session have been decreased. Negative emotion measured by state-trait anxiety inventory, state-trait anger expression inventory, and hopelessness-depression inventory were decreased as well. The results suggest that stimulative music using contemporary classic music was effective in reduction and modification of negative affect such as anxiety, anger and depression. It shows that Music Recall Technique can be a meaningful intervention for affect modification, and further it can be utilized as self-help in the outside of music therapy setting.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 1997

Objects：This study investigated whether depression, anxiety and perceived parental rearing patterns of the conduct disorder patients are different from those of the normal control group. The correlations were also assessed between perceived parenting style and depression, anxiety, severity of conduct problems and age at onset of conduct disorder in adolescents with conduct disorder. Methods：Thirty hospitalzed patients who met the DSM-Ⅳ criteria of conduct disorder, and 30 normal control subjects completed self-report questionnaires containing the Children’s Depression Inventory(CDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children(STAIC) and the Parental Bonding Instrument(PBI). Results：In the conduct disorder group, the results were as follows：1) The mean scores of CDI and STAIC-T(Trait) were not significantly different from those of the control group, but STAIC-S (State) showed significantly higher scores. 2) Parenting style was perceved to be less caring and more overprotective than in the control subjects. 3) There were negative correlations between maternal care and CDI and between maternal care and severity of conduct problems. 4) There were positive correlations between maternal overprotection and STAIC-T(Trait). 5) There were no correlations between paternal rearing patterns and depression, anxiety, severity of conduct problems, or age at onset of conduct disorder. Conclusion：We failed to identify depression and anxiety as common comorbid disorders in conduct disorder. Parental rearing patterns are thought to be significantly negativistic in conduct disorder group. It is guessed that less caring and more overprotective rearing style of parents, especially of mothers, could have much influence on depression and anxiety, more severe conduct problems and earlier age at onset of conduct disorder in the adolescents with conduct disorder.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1998

Objective : This study was designed to find the characteristics of MMPI that could influence the outcome of cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) for panic disorder. Methods : 34 patients who met DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia had completed 11 weekly sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy. All the patients were assessed with MMPI before the initiation of treatment. Five self-report measures including Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), Agoraphobic Cognition Questionnarie(ACQ), Body Sensation Questionnaire(BSQ), and Daily Anxiety Selfrating (0 - 8 scales) were also assessed as a pre- and post-treatment assessment. After the completion of treatment, patients were classified by the High End-State(HES) functioning group and the Low End-State(LES) functioning group for the data analysis. Results : 1) The LES group showed significantly higher scores in Hypochondriasis Scale(HS), Depression Scale(D), Hysterical Scale(Hy), Obsessive Scale(Pt), Schizophrenia Scale(Sc) and Validity Scale(F) of MMPI than the HES group. However, these differences gave impressions that the LES group had more severe symptoms rather than that they could be the factors influencing the outcome of CBT. 2) Though, the severity of symptoms of the LES group in the 5 measures of pre-assessment was basically higher than that of the HES group. The fact that both group showed the similar improvement between pre- and post-assessment supported the above interpretation. Conclusion : In regarding the above results, MMPI was not a proper tool that could provide the factors influencing the outcome of CBT. In the future study, the authors need to use a different tool that can find the personality characteristics more directly.