• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-72
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• 2001

이 연구는 1990년대 이후 헝가리 농촌지도의 특징적인 변화를 고찰하였다. 헝가리의 농촌지도사업은 오랜 역사를 가지고 있으며 주로 대규모 농장을 대상으로 한 농업기술전파에 주력하였다. 1990년대 이후 사유재산의 인정과 시장경제체제로의 전환과 함께 시장에서의 경쟁력이나 지속성에 대한 요구는 농촌지도사업의 방향전환을 요구하게 되었다. 유럽연합의 농업정보시스템 표준화에 요구와 헝가리 내의 농산업구조의 변화는 농업정보시스템 구축의 필요성을 낳게 되었다. 헝가리에서 농업정보시스템의 개발은 농업경제연구정보원(AKII, Research and Information Institute for Agricultural Economics)과 중앙통계사무소(Hungarian Central Statistical Office)에서 이루어졌다. 시스템 개발의 주요 분야는 농업통계, 농장회계자료네트웍, 시장정보시스템의 세 가지이며 이들의 복합적인 농업정보시스템으로 형성되었다. 본 연구에서는 위의 세 가지 주요 범주의 개발배경과 진행사항, 문제점들을 살펴보고 개선방향을 제시하였다. 헝가리 농업 농촌개발부(The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development)의 최근 정책의 특징은 전국적인 농촌지도상담 네트웍의 구축이라고 할 수 있다. 현재의 헝가리 농촌지도사업체계는 크게 세 부분으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 첫째 농업농촌개발부의 군사무소는 지역사회의 독농가나 선도농가와의 밀접한 관계를 유지하며, 이러한 독농가나 선도농가로 하여금 지역의 농민들에게 도움을 줄 수 있도록 하는 것이다. 둘째는 민간 자문가들이 농장을 방문하여 현장에서 농민들에게 전문적인 도움을 주도록 하는 것이다. 민간 자문가들은 도 단위의 전문지도사들로부터 정보나 기술에 대한 전문적인 도움을 받는다. 세 번째는 전문교육기관을 통한 농민들에 대한 직접적인 교육이다. 이러한 교육들은 농민들에게 무료로 제공되며, 교육과정이나 프리젠테이션, 전시 등을 통해 이루어진다. 현재 헝가리 농촌지도체계는 그 실행과정, 효율성, 조직적인 면에서 완성되지 못하였고 전환기에 처해 있다. 효율적인 농촌개발을 위해서는 농촌지도상담의 효과나 조직면에서 많은 연구와 정비가 필요한데 이는 헝가리의 국가적 이익의 증대와 유럽연합의 목적에 부합하기 위해서도 적극적인 관심과 노력을 필요로 하는 분야이다. 이러한 필요성을 바탕으로 농촌지도사업의 새로운 모델을 제시하면, (1) 수도인 부다페스트에 농촌지도사업을 전반적으로 책임지는 중앙부서를 설립하여 효과적인 농촌발전을 지원하여, (2) 7개의 도에 농학계 대학과 연구소를 중심으로 하는 지역센터를 설립하여 도내의 농촌지도상담활동과 영농에서 농업관련 사안에 대해 문제해결 중심의 도움을 주도록 하며, 지역센터는 자율적, 독립적으로 운영하도록 하고, (3) 50여개의 군에 일선지도기관을 설립하여 농업인들이 쉽게 방문할 수 있도록 하며, 지역의 특수한 상황이나 사안에 대해 융통성 있게 대처할 수 있도록 하는 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.185-203
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• 2008

This study aimed at examining an effect of peer counselor's mentor activity on rejected children's peer relationship in elementary school. To achieve this goal, the following hypothesis was made. Hypothesis I : Peer counselor's mentor activity will improve rejected children's peer relationship. I -1 : Peer counselor's mentor activity will improve rejected children's trust to peer. I -2 : Peer counselor's mentor activity will improve rejected children's respect to peer. To test the hypothesis, after sociometry papers 19 fifth-graders for rejected children groups were selected from four classes at H elementary school in Busan according to Coie & Dodge's(1988) five classified system that is modified to Korean situation by Ahn ie-hwan(2006). Ten rejected students from two classes were labeled as a peer group with a peer counselor and nine rejected students who had similar characteristics from two classes were labeled as an non-peer group without a peer counselor. The peer counselors were decided by obtaining affirmative mentions of rejected students group. Peer counselors participated in the training of peer counselor's skill program and then they had a person to person mentor activity with the rejected children's group that they belonging to. The training consisting of a total of four sessions, 3 times a week, was provided to peer counselors eleven times after school. The peer counselors given the peer counselling training did person to person mentor activity with the peer group's rejected children for a month. The mentor activity, three times a week, following during training was reinforced after school. For peer counselor training, the elementary school children's peer counseling program developed by Lee Sang-hi, Roh Seong-deok and Lee Ji-eun(2001) was used. Hong Ok-soon's(1984) peer relationship test, Moreno's(1934) sociometry tool were used to verify an effect of the peer counselor's mentor activity. For the data analysis, quantitative analysis with sociometry tool and qualitative analysis with social status and social type change were used. To know the difference in pre test and post test peer relationship between experimental group and control group, in quantitative analysis, ANCOVA result was used and qualitative analysis, social status and social type was used. The finding was as followings. First, after peer counselor's mentor activity, there was a significant improvement in rejected children's trust and respect to peer and the whole relationship from the pretest to the post test. Second, peer counselor's mentor activity gave rise to affirmative changes on rejected children's social status and social type. This study concluded that peer counselor's mentor activity would help rejected children's peer relationship to change affirmatively and improve.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.202-214
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• 2015

This study aims to develop and apply communication and relationship enrichment programs for married multicultural couples and verify its effects. This preliminary program was developed based on results from reviews of existing intervention programs, participants' interview for their needs and professionals' feedback on program. The program includes 11 sessions(once a week; 2 hours per session) focusing on communication strategies and related activities using marital counseling. Four multicultural couples participated in the intervention program. Qualitative data was collected during the program, including voice recording files, activity sheets, and filed notes conducted by researchers. Based on the results from the data analysis, we could find the intervention program had an positive effect on the communication between multicultural couples. Specifically, the intervention program could (1) enhanced intimacy in the couples, (2) started conversation and improved communication patterns between the couples. And also (3) modes of communication were changed to more collaborative communication through this program. The marital communication program developed in this study is significant in that it played a catalytic role for marital conversation in multicultural couples and used professional counseling techniques and strategies in solving and managing marital conflict.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.443-477
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to explore the continuing bonds experienced by adolescent victims' 15 parents of the Sewol ferry disaster. The research aim is to classify the continuing bonds into representational, functional, emotional, and relationship characteristics through contents analysis and identify them. The way dimension was found to be continuing bond through "physical objects and space," "dream and spiritual exchange," "personal memorial and ritual activities," "thoughts of deceased children," and "surviving children." In the "functional dimension," it was found that sustainable ties help families find new meanings and purposes in their lives and comfort them by making them feel they are with their children. In addition, at the emotional level, they experienced 'positive emotions' while feeling with their children, and experienced 'pain', and some research participants found it difficult to sustain the bond itself. At the level of each relationship characteristic, the relationship between parents and children was an extension of the relationship even after the child was deceased, and the relationship characteristics were reproduced. The implications for grief counseling were presented by applying a dead two-axis model to the results of this study.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.273-305
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to understand and explore the essence of the self-care experiences of middle-aged one-person households considering their individual circumstances and situational context. In this study, 10 middle-aged people in one-person households were interviewed. The interview data were analyzed using the phenomenological analysis. In result, middle-aged one-person households considered self-care as 'means to protect themselves', 'preparation for their single life in late adulthood', and 'behavior to feel gratitude and happiness in the present.' Their motives for self-care were 'being aware of their physical aging and possibility of illnesse', 'feeling threatened about their safety', 'sensing that their daily livings may be at a risk', 'absence of a caregiven person who can take care of them', 'maintaining of their psychological health', 'being burned out from busy working schedules', and 'to lessen their own and their family's worries and anxiety.' Their specific ways of self-care were 'physical health care', 'private activities for emotional care', and 'meeting people.' Consequently, the self-care of middle-aged people had a positive impact on their work and relationships, lessened their sense of isolation, and brought comfort to their lives. Based on the results of the study, this study proposed the implications, limitations, and suggestions for further research.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.383-391
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• 2009

The goal of cyber teaching is to reduce the cost of private lessons, dissipate the educational disparity amongst regions, make classes apt to the given level of every group of students, make up for systematic defects of the public education, and ultimately strengthen its role. This study intends to analyze the capabilities of cyber teachers and clarify their qualifications, as the whole new e-Learning system is about to take root. In this study, the activities of cyber teachers are analyzed and some standards of applicability of cyber teachers, or the so-called ISSCT, are presented. Firstly, the activities are divided into teaching, counselling, process management, development of professionality. Based upon these four activities, nine tasks have been formed and the structure of 22 sub-tasks has been completed. This is the way the standards of applicability of cyber teachers are established in consideration with their activities. Secondly, the standards of information capability of cyber teachers have 53 elements in total, and the aforementioned ISSCT are presented in relation to the ISST, based upon the standards of information capability of cyber teachers.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.583-600
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to explore qualitatively what kind of coping strategy the Korean older adults use when they are depressed and why. Participants were users, older than 60, of an elderly welfare center in Seoul, and answers of 34 respondents who experienced depression were included in the analysis. The collected data were analyzed through content analysis. The results of the analysis showed that strategies to cope with depression used by participants were composed of 6 domains and 11 sub-domains: health behavior (medical approach / exercise and diet), family and social contact (social interaction / going out and going on a trip / communication with family), Religious activities (Religious activities), lifelong education (hobbies / educational activities), productive activities (labor), health risk behaviors (drinking and gambling / resignation). The depression coping strategies of the older adults and their characteristics are as follows. First, older adults used diverse problem-focused coping strategies to cope with depression. Second, older adults considered various coping strategies together and used them simultaneously. Third, the facility space for older adults functions as a shelter. Fourth, although there were cases where medical approach was used, the intention to reuse was very low. Through this study, the following suggestions were made to help older adults cope with depression more successfully. First, access to various coping strategies should be promoted. Second, more places where older adults can spend their time comfortably need to be provided. Third, resistance to mental health care should be resolved.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.445-459
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• 2022

This study presented a plan to improve the life satisfaction and leisure status of the elderly in the With COVID-19 era, and the life satisfaction of the elderly. For this purpose, we investigated life satisfaction and leisure life for 107 senior citizens at the Gyeonggi Senior Welfare Center, and the following results were obtained. First, it can be seen that overall life satisfaction was relatively lower after Corona than before. Second, in the correlation between leisure activity and life satisfaction, there was no significant correlation between the level of leisure activity and life satisfaction before Corona, and a significant positive correlation was found between the level of leisure activity and life satisfaction after Corona. seemed If alternative measures are proposed according to these results, first, it is necessary to seek ways to improve and manage the environment for the elderly in the with Corona era in the local community. In particular, in order to reduce the adaptation gap among the elderly due to the many changes in digital technology, institutions related to the elderly are providing education on how to use smartphones and kiosks, but it needs to be expanded as a community-wide measure. Second, a systematic system for health care for the elderly in the era of With Corona must be provided. Third, the old-age income security system and support are required so that the minimum living security is guaranteed for the elderly who are experiencing economic difficulties due to the corona virus. Fourth, it is necessary to revitalize programs related to talking to the elderly and counseling for the improvement of relationships and location satisfaction due to social distance and relationship atrophy due to Corona.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.136-145
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• 1991

In the Soviet Union School health services are provided as an integral part of the health care delivery system, which is under the Ministry of Health. This paper presents an overview of the Soviet Union's health care delivery system, the model for the delivery of school health service, the role and training of school personnel involved in school health services and implications the Soviet model may have for the countries. 1. School health services are a part overall Soviet health system under the Ministry of Health. 2. Municipal and rural health departments implement programs at the local level. Diagnosis and treatment are conducted through "polyclinics" that are outreach divisions of a district hospital. 3. Education institutions for the development of health manpower, including medical schools and nursing schools, are under the Ministry of Health, as are medical and scientific search institutes.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2013

This study is to notify differences of H-T-P reactions between Juvenile delinquents groups classified by family system type. This study aims to know reaction of 'House' on each juvenile delinquents and apply to creative school education administration. The research was performed as below: First, Measuring and descriptive statistical analysis were performed. One hundred and twenty subjects who were youths disposed of Seoul nambu youth alternative education center. Data were collected from July to October in 2012. Then There were classified Two groups following subjects; 'parents family' and 'single parent family'. Second, Questionaries assessing demographic and H-T-P by Buck, N. Third, statistical analysis was done by SPSS for Window 18.0. To Verify the reliability of the measures and correlations between two groups, and to find out the difference of the reaction of 'House', were used frequency analysis and Pearson Chi-Square. The results of this is significant personality types of juvenile delinquents are followings; The Juvenile delinquents living 'Single parent family' have frustrations for their past and current family. Also they have mental conflicts for their family better than another group.