• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 1989

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.45-60
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• 2009

Mathematical thinking can be symbolized by the external signs, and these signs determine in reverse the form of mathematical thinking. Each symbol - a symbol in algebra, a symbol in analysis, and a diagram which verifies syllogism - reflects the diverse characteristic of cogitation in mathematics and perfirms a heuristic function.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.43-64
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• 2017

The purpose of the current study is to investigate how task-irrelevant affective priming affects higher cognitive function. In the study, we selected prime stimuli from International Affective Picture System(IAPS) and examined if they influence participants' performance of syllogistic reasoning task when they are task-irrelevant. In Experiment 1, arousal of IAPS stimuli was controlled while valence of the stimuli was manipulated. In Experiment 2, valence of IAPS stimuli was controlled while arousal of stimuli was manipulated. In both experiments, task-irrelevant affective primes were followed by syllogistic reasoning tasks consisting of three sentences and measured accuracies of task performance. The results showed that valence of affective prime affected logical validity of reasoning and belief-bias whereas arousal of affective primes did not yield any difference. That is, positive valence facilitated logical and analytic processing by reducing belief-bias while arousal did not affect reasoning task performance. These results suggest that dimensions of valence and arousal independently influence higher cognitive function.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.546-558
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify heuristically how abduction was used in a context of solving an earth-environmental problem. Thirty two groups of participants with different institutional backgrounds, i,e., inservice earth science teachers, preservice science teachers, and high school students, solved an open-ended earth-environmental problem and produced group texts in which their ways of solving the problem were written, The inferential processes in the texts were rearranged according to the syllogistic form of abduction and then analyzed iteratively so as to find thinking strategies used in the abductive reasoning. The result showed that abduction was employed in the process of solving the earth-environmental problem and that several thinking strategies were used for inferring rules from which abductive conclusions were drawn. The strategies found included data reconstruction, chained abduction, adapting novel information, model construction and manipulation, causal combination, elimination, case-based analogy, and existential strategy. It was suggested that abductive problems could be used to enhance students' thinking abilities and their understanding of the nature of earth science and earth-environmental problems.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.39-65
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• 2022

There are two aspects of clinical practice guidelines that act as non-legal control before medical practice and as legal control standards after medical practice. The essential purpose of clinical practice guidelines is the former, but the latter action cannot be excluded. The clinical practice guidelines are a means of linking law and medical care. The negative perception of clinical practice guidelines that medical professionals' autonomy can be violated by the enactment of clinical practice guidelines is an excessive negative evaluation of clinical practice guidelines. Rather, judicial judgment based on clinical practice guidelines plays a role in respecting the autonomy of medical professionals. In other words, the clinical practice guidelines suppress legal regulations on medical care as much as possible and are based on doctors' professional ethics and self-discipline, and patient awareness and cooperation. In order to establish an ideal relationship of cooperation between doctors and patients, 'medical ethics' must be incorporated as a legal means. Clinical practice guidelines are the most appropriate means for incorporating such medical ethics into legal procedures. The lawyer solves the case with a legal syllogism that establishes a norm and applies facts to it to conclude. For the resolution of medical disputes, Clinical practice guidelines are used to establish norms that doctors should perform for specific diseases, and conclusions are drawn by applying the established norms to specific medical practices. When it is not easy to apply the established norms to specific medical practices, medical judgments by experts, such as emotions, expert testimony, and explanations by expert members, are used. As such, the Law respects the autonomy of medical care even in the establishment of norms and the application of norms. In particular, Clinical practice guidelines prepared independently by the medical community are referred to in establishing norms, which are the prerequisites for legal syllogism. This shows that doctors participate in the formation of precedents and contribute to the formation of norms. The use of clinical practice guidelines in trials is respect and consideration for the autonomy of medical care. Although there may be an aspect in which the autonomy of individual doctors is limited by clinical practice guidelines, it should be considered that the autonomy of doctors as a group is respected. In this way, the clinical practice guidelines play a role in protecting the autonomy of the "medical" group from the logic of the "law."