• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.21 no.1 s.23
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• pp.10-20
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• 1988

This study was conducted to compare the maternal charactristics, and birth weight of infants delivered at five different categories of medical facility in Taegu to examine the risk level of pregnant women and children by the medical facility for delivery. The study population included 1,410 pregnant women who delivered a baby at one of nine medical facilities (3 university hospitals, 2 general hospitals, 2 private clinics, 1 midwife clinic, 1 MCH center) in Taegu in April, 1987(April and May, 1987 for K university hospital), Pregnant women were interviewed to ask the age and educational level of woman, payment of medical fee, birth order, delivery method. Birth weight of infant was obtained from medical record. Mean ages of the women delivering at the university hospitals(27.5 years) and at general hospitals(26.7 years) were higher than those at midwife clinic(25.4 years) and at MCH center(26.1 years). Also, mean years of school education were higher in women of university hospitals(12.7 years) and general hospitals (12.2 years) than in women of midwife clinic(9.2 years) and MCH center (9.3 years). The percentages of women covered by the medical insurance were far greater in the university hospitals(78.1%) and general hospitals(82.9%) than in private clinics(44.3%) , midwife clinic(29.1%) and MCH center (5.4%). Infants born at the MCH center were mostly the second birth (47.3%) while 56.0% to 61.7% of infants born at all the other medical facilities were the first birth more women delivering at the university hospitals had history of spontaneous abortion as well as still birth than the women delivering at the other medical facilities. The preform birth rate (11.4%) and low birthweight incidence rates(5.8-13.0%) in university hospitals were significantly higher than those of other medical facilities. Accordingly, c-section rates showed a wide variation among the medical facilities. Study findings revealed that most of women delivering at the university hospitals and general hospitals are in the middle of or upper socio-economic class and obstetrically high risk group regardless of socioeconomic class while the wome delivering at the midwife clinic and MCH center are low risk group of low socioeconomic class. Therefore, the data of a specific medical facility are highly limited in interpretation and can not be generalized.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.45-52
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of husbands' help on postpartum depression and self-efficacy of mothers, to investigate what to fix of research design and to examine the feasibility of following experimental study. There was no significant difference in the general characteristics of two groups, which consisted 10 pairs of postpartum mothers and husbands, respectively, confirming the homogeneity of between groups. The prevalence of postpartum depression was 45% in the subjects who were measured at 1 week postpartum, and the average performance of the husbands' help in the experimental group was 3.2 out of 4 points. In the Mann-Whitney U Test, the husbands' help lowered the mean rank of postpartum depression in the experimental group(p<.001), and the mean rank of self-efficacy was higher than the control group, but there was no significant difference. In the process of this study, it was confirmed that, on the side of postpartum mothers of control group had burdens of responding to the questionnaire without the benefit of treatment so it is necessary to revise the design of following experimental study.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.149-159
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• 2021

Purpose: Antibiotic exposure during pregnancy may affect the fetus and newborn in many ways. This study investigated the impact of prenatal antibiotic exposure duration on neonatal outcomes in very preterm (VP) or very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods: From September 2015 to December 2020, preterm infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks or with a BW less than 1,500 g who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, and their mothers were enrolled. Prenatal antibiotic exposure was defined as antibiotics received by mothers before delivery, and the patients were categorized into the non-antibiotic group, short-duration (SD; ≤7 days) group, or long-duration (LD; >7 days) groups. Results: A total of 93 of 145 infants were exposed to prenatal antibiotics, among which 35 (37.6%) were in the SD group and 58 (62.4%) were in the LD group. Infants in the LD group had a significantly higher birth weight-for-gestational-age (BW/GA) Z-score than those in the non-antibiotic group, even after the adjustment for confounding factors (beta, 0.258; standard error, 0.149; P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that prolonged prenatal antibiotic exposure was independently associated with death (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 8.926; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.482-53.775) and composite outcomes of death, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and late-onset sepsis (LOS) (aOR, 2.375; 95% CI, 1.027-5.492). Conclusions: Prolonged prenatal antibiotic exposure could increase the BW/GA Z-score and the risk of death and composite outcomes of death, NEC, and LOS in VP or VLBW infants.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.429-438
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• 2021

This study aims to prevent maternal social isolation by analyzing the causes of postpartum obesity and postpartum depression and stress in Korea. Gneral characteristics of mothers as a result of the study: 91.1% (102 people) answered that they had social experience, and only 8% (9 people) answered that they had no social experience. In the question of whether to return to society, 17.9% responded that they have already returned, 54.5% did not, and 18.8% were on maternity leave. As a result of examining the level of BMI increase among mothers through chi-square test of BMI changes before and after childbirth and general characteristics, 55% experienced below-average BMI increase; 45% experienced above-average BMI increase. Those in their 30s accounted for 40.2%, and those in their 40s accounted for 57.1%. Postpartum obesity and maternal psychological status (t-test): Mothers with postpartum obesity were more hypersensitive (t = -1.997, p = 0.048) and more prone to suffer from hard breathing (t = -1.930, p = 0.056), emptiness (t = -2.673, p = 0.010), and body numbness (t = -2.315, p = 0.024) than mothers who are not suffering from not postpartum obesity. Per the results of postpartum BMI increase and maternal psychological state (t-test) analysis, mothers with an average increase in postpartum BMI were more depressed than mothers who did not. Research Results - Postpartum obesity due to pregnancy and childbirth has been identified as an important individual cause affecting mental and physical problems after childbirth. In conclusion, I also think that the government should support the management of maternal obesity and the elimination of depression through the results of this study.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.589-598
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• 2004

We propose a new algorithm to extract the fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) from a multi-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded at the chest and abdomen of a pregnant woman. To extract the FECG from the composite abdominal ECG, the classical time-domain method based on singular value decomposition (SVD) has been generally used. However, this method has some disadvantages, such as its high degree of computational complexity and the necessary assumption that vectors between the FECG and the maternal electrocardiogram (MECG) should be orthogonal. The proposed algorithm, which uses SVD in a discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain, compensates for these disadvantages. To perform SVD with lower computational complexity, DCT coefficients corresponding to high-frequency components were eliminated on the basis of the properties of the DCT coefficients and the frequency characteristics of the FECG. Moreover, to extract the pure FECG with little influence of the direction of the vectors between the FECG and MECG, three new channels were made out of the MECG suppressed in the composite abdominal ECG, and the new channels were appended to the original multi-channel ECG. The performance of the proposed algorithm and the classical time-domain method based on SVD were compared using simulated and real data. It was experimentally verified that the proposed algorithm can extract the pure FECG with reduced computational complexity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.656-663
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• 2001

This study was carried out to evaluate the minerals and trace elements contents in colostrum milk produced from 30 normal healthy mothers delivery at term, 10 mothers delivery preterm and 8 pregnancy induced hypertensive mothers(PIH) and to investigate the relationship between maternal minerals intakes during pregnancy and milk contents of minerals. Five minerals(Na, K, Ca, P, Mg) and three trace elements(Fe, Zn, Cu) in colostrum were determined by ICP-AES and maternal dietary intakes during pregnancy were estimated by semiquantitative frequency questionnaire. Maternal dietary intakes of three groups during pregnancy were below the recommended allowances except protein and phosphorus. The overall mean nutrients intakes of mothers delivered preterm were the lowest among three study groups, especially phosphorus and sodium intakes of preterm mothers were significantly lower than those of normal term mothers(p < 0.05). Dietary intakes of mothers with pregnancy induced hypertension were similar to those of normal term mothers except calcium intake of pregnancy induced hypefensive mother was the lowest among three groups. While potassium and phosphorus concentrations in preterm colosalm were significantly lower than those of term milk(p < 0.05), iron contents of colostrum in preterm and PIH groups were significantly higher than term milk respectively(p < 0.07). The other minerals concentrations of colostrum produced by the preterm mothers tended to be lower than term milk. There were not significant relationships between maternal dietary intakes of minerals during pregnancy and the corresponding mineral levels of colostrum of three groups of mothers except that Pearson correlation coefficient showed positive significant relationships between the calcium intakes of PIH mothers and the colostrum milk calcium levels. These results suggest that preterm milk might be insufficient for the mineral nutrition of preterm infects in considering of the poor tissue storage of minerals and catch-up growth of preterm infects.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.4011-4020
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the self efficacy, body image and family support affect on postpartum depression in early postpartum mothers. The data was collected 306 mothers on the first week after delivery from one hospital located in B city. The instruments were a survey of general characteristics, obstetrical characteristics, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS), self-efficacy, body image and family support. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. The results revealed that the average item score of the EPDS was 6.09. The significant predictors of postpartum depression were body image, emotional state in pregnancy, and family support. These variables had a 38.4% explainability. The results indicate that the postpartum mothers should be screened for postpartum depression early in the postpartum period and it's necessary to implement nursing intervention focused on to enhance the body image and family support, especially the weak emotional state mothers in pregnancy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.270-280
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• 2013

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between congenital muscular torticollis and maternal work activity. This study was conducted with a total of 89 outpatient pregnant women whose child presented congenital muscular torticollis at the Department of Rehabilitation of "C" Hospital in Suwon within the period from 2006 to April 30, 2011. The results were as followings: (1) The mean age at the time of giving birth was 30.09years; the proportion of pregnant women with college education or higher was high; the proportion of first delivery was 82.0%; the most common way of delivery was natural childbirth, followed by Cesarean section and vacuum extraction; the proportion of breech delivery was 20.2%; and in 82.0% of the women, the first child had congenital muscular torticollis. (2) 59.6% of the women had a career; 45.3% had engaged in professional practice or had a related job; 75.5% had worked until the third trimester of their pregnancy; 54.7% had worked for seven hours or more in a seated position; and the mean number of working hours was 8.75 (3) The level of work-related stress was a low 25% or less, and in the subdivisions of work-related stress, only the level of strained relations belonged to the upper 50% or higher. (4) For the correlation between the survey respondents' job stress and job features, stress (full score: 100 points) showed a strong positive correlation with job demand, strained relations, inadequate reward, and workplace culture. Workplace also showed a strong positive correlation with inadequate reward. Mean daily working hours showed a strong positive correlation with mean weekly working hours.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2004

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a qigong-based stress management program in pregnant women. Method: A 8 week controlled clinical trial compared 52 pregnant women assigned qigong-based stress management program to 40 pregnant women assigned pregnancy health education program. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale(EPDS), Beck depression inventory(BDI), Spielberger trait state inventory-1(STAI-1), Hamilton depression rating scale(HAM-D), Hamilton anxiety scale(HAM-A) were used to measure anxiety and depression level. Result : Qigong-based stress management group showed significant improvement compared to the education control group on four measures above. Qigong-based stress management group also showed significant improvement at 8 weeks termination on all measures of anxiety and depression compared to pretreatment level. Conclusion : This study showed that qigong-based stress management program can be an effective method for pregnant women.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.28 no.4 s.51
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• pp.845-862
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• 1995

We followed prospectively some hospital-delivered mothers to identify characteristics of those not initiated breast-feeding and predictors of breast-feeding discontinuation in monthly telephone interviews. Recruits were composed of 482 mothers who delivered their babies at one university hospital and one OB/GYN clinic in September to November 1991. Breast-feeding discontinuation was defined as switch to 100% formula lasting more than one week regardless of solid foods. Average age of the study subjects was 27.3 years of age(standard deviation 3.2). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated native place, occupation, method of delivery and method of feeding considered to be better for maternal health were statistically significant(p<0.1) between initiators and non-initiators of breast feeding. In starting cohort(N=242) of those initiated breast-feeding, that median of breast-feeding discontinuation were 5 months and 25th and 75th percentiles were 3 and 9 months respectively. In Cox's proportional hazard model, mothers with $10\sim13$ years of education were 2.63 times (95% confidence interval, CI $1.50\sim4.60$) more likely to discontinue than those with less than 9 years of education and those with more than 13 years of education were 3.55 time (95% CI $1.99\sim6.33$). Compared with house wife, mothers with part-time jobs were 1.99 times (95% CI $0.86\sim4.57$) more likely to discontinue and those with employed full-time were 1.55 times (95% CI $0.96\sim2.51$). These results suggest that the predictors of initiation and discontinuation of breast-feeding may be different and different target populations should be selected to promote initiation and to prevent discontinuation of breast-feeding according to the period after birth.