Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지

Comparison of Mineral Contents in Colostrum of the Mothers with Fullterm, Preterm Delivery and Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

만기분만과 조산 및 임신성 고혈압 산모의 초유내 무기질 함량 비교

  • 안홍석 (성신여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이주예 (성신여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2001.09.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate the minerals and trace elements contents in colostrum milk produced from 30 normal healthy mothers delivery at term, 10 mothers delivery preterm and 8 pregnancy induced hypertensive mothers(PIH) and to investigate the relationship between maternal minerals intakes during pregnancy and milk contents of minerals. Five minerals(Na, K, Ca, P, Mg) and three trace elements(Fe, Zn, Cu) in colostrum were determined by ICP-AES and maternal dietary intakes during pregnancy were estimated by semiquantitative frequency questionnaire. Maternal dietary intakes of three groups during pregnancy were below the recommended allowances except protein and phosphorus. The overall mean nutrients intakes of mothers delivered preterm were the lowest among three study groups, especially phosphorus and sodium intakes of preterm mothers were significantly lower than those of normal term mothers(p < 0.05). Dietary intakes of mothers with pregnancy induced hypertension were similar to those of normal term mothers except calcium intake of pregnancy induced hypefensive mother was the lowest among three groups. While potassium and phosphorus concentrations in preterm colosalm were significantly lower than those of term milk(p < 0.05), iron contents of colostrum in preterm and PIH groups were significantly higher than term milk respectively(p < 0.07). The other minerals concentrations of colostrum produced by the preterm mothers tended to be lower than term milk. There were not significant relationships between maternal dietary intakes of minerals during pregnancy and the corresponding mineral levels of colostrum of three groups of mothers except that Pearson correlation coefficient showed positive significant relationships between the calcium intakes of PIH mothers and the colostrum milk calcium levels. These results suggest that preterm milk might be insufficient for the mineral nutrition of preterm infects in considering of the poor tissue storage of minerals and catch-up growth of preterm infects.

본 연구에서는 정상 만기 산모(30명), 조산모(10명) 및 PIH산모가(8명)출산 초기에 분비한 초유시료에서 5종의 다량 무기질(나트륨 칼륨 칼슘, 인, 마그네슘)과 3종의 미 량원소(철분. 아연. 구리)의 농도를 분석하여 재태기간이나 모체의 합병증에 따른 모유의 무기질 함량을 비교하였고 또한 임신기 무기질 섭취 량과 초유의 무기질 함량과의 상관성을 조사하였다 정상 만기 산모의 임신기 영양소 섭취량은 단백질과 인을 제외하고는 권장량에 미치지 못했으며 칼슘, 철분과 아연의 섭취량은 권장량에 크게 미달되었다. 세 그룹 산모들의 임신기 1일 평균 영양소 섭취량을 비교했을 때, 조산모 그룹에서 칼슘을 제외한 모든 영양소의 섭취량이 가장 저조하였으며 이들의 인과 나트륨 섭취량은 정상 만기 산모의 섭취량 보다 유의적으로 낮았다(p < 0.05). PIH 산모의 영양소 섭취량은 정상 만기 산모그룹과 유사하였지만 이들의 임신기 칼슘 섭취량은 1일 평균 500.9mg으로 세 그룹 중 가장 적었다 세 그룹 산모들의 초유내 무기질 함량을 비교한 결과, 조산모 유즙의 칼륨과 인의 농도는 정상만기 산모의 유즙내 농도 보다 유의적으로 낮았으며(p < 0.05) , 반면 조산모와 PIH산모의 유즙내 철분 함량은 정상 만기 산모의 유즙에 서 보다 유의적으로 높았다(p <0.05). 그 외 그룹간 무기질 및 미량원소의 초유내 함량의 유의적 차이는 없었다. 한편 임신기 모체의 무기질 섭취량과 분만 초기에 분비되는 초유의 무기질 함량과의 상관성 분석에서 정상 만기 산모와 조산모 그룹간의 유의성 있는 상관관계가 관찰되지 않았으나 PIH 산모에서는 칼슘 섭취량과 초유의 칼슘 농도 사이에 유의적인 양의 상관성이 나타났다(p <0.05). 이와 같은 결과로부터 조산모 초유의 일부 무기질 함량이 정상 만기 산모 초유에서 보다 낮은 경향이므로 체내 무기질 저장량이 적고 성장속도가 빠른 조산아의 특성을 고려할 때, 조산모 초유의 무기질 영양은 다소 미흡하다고 사료되나 향후 PT의 성숙유에 대한무기질 함량과 조산아의 섭취량 및 성장패턴을 고려한 무기질 영양평가가 요구된다. 한편 PIH산모의 칼슘섭취 부족이나 또는 이들이 분비한 유즙의 높은 철분 함량과 관련하여 PIH산모에 대한 체계적인 무기질 대사 연구가 병행되어야 할 것이다

Keywords

References

  1. Vitamin and Mineral Requirements in Preterm Infants Determining the vitamin and mineral requirements in preterm infants Tsang,R.C.;Tsang,R.C.(ed.)
  2. J pediatr v.93 Human milk: difference in nitrogen concentration in milk from mothers of term and premature infants Atkinson,S.A.;Bryan,M.H.;Anderson,G.H.
  3. Pediatrics v.68 Composition of breast milk from mothers of preterm infants Gross,S.J.;Gelle, J,;Tomarelli,R.M.
  4. New Aspects of Nutrition in Pregnancy, Infancy and Prematurity Differences in composition of preterm, term and weaning milk Hamosh,P.;Hamosh,M.;Xanthou,M.(ed.)
  5. J pediatr v.101 Effects of prematurity on the immunologic system in human milk Goldman,A.S.;Garza,C.;Nicholos,B.;Johnson,C.A.;Smith,E.O.;Goldblum,R.M.
  6. Am J Clin Nutr v.72 no.suppl Role of nutrtion in the prevention of toxemia Maine,D.
  7. Am J Clin Nutr v.52 Growth, nutrient retention, and metabolic response of low-birth weight infants fed supplemented and unsupplemented preterm human milk Sudha,K.;Karl,F.S.
  8. Am J Obstet Gynecol v.175 Heterogenous causes constituting the single syndrome of preeclampsia: a hypothesis and its implications Ness,R.B.;Roberts,J.M.
  9. Am J Clin Nutr v.67 no.suppl Manipulation of dietary fat and energy density and subsequent effects on substrate flux and food intake Prentice,A.M.
  10. Miner Electrolyte Metab v.17 Magnesium supplement in pregnancyinduced hypertension:effects on maternal and neonatal magnesium and calcium homeostasis Martin,R.;Anne,F.;Wiggo,F.R.
  11. J Clin Endocrinol Netab v.74 Lower serum ionized calcium and abnormal calciotropic hormone levels in preeclampsia Selly,E.W.;Wood,R.J.;Brown,E.M.;Graves,S.W.
  12. Obstet Gynecol v.90 Calcium supplementation and the risk of preeclampsia in ecuadorian pregnant teenagers Lopez-Jaramillo,P.;Delgado,F.;Jacome,P.;Teran,E.;Ruano,C.;Rivera,J.
  13. Clin Perinatol v.14 The management of lactation as a physiologic process Lawrence,R.A.
  14. Korean J Nutrition v.28 no.5 Changes in contents of nitrogen of preterm milk during lactation Ahn,H.S.;Lee,M.S.;Park,S.H.
  15. Korean J Nutrition v.27 no.3 Changes in contents of total lipid, total cholesterol and fatty acid composition of preterm milk during lactation Ahn,H.S.;Lee,M.S.
  16. Korean J Nutrition v.33 no.2 Total lipid, total cholesterol and fatty acid composition in colostrum from mothers with preterm delivery and pregnancy induced hypertension Ahn,H.S.;Park,S.H.
  17. Korean J Community Nutr v.2 The development and evaluation of a simple semi-quantitative food frequency questionnair to assess the dietary of intake of adults in large cities Lee,H.J.;Lee,H.S.;Ha,M.J.;Kye,S.H.;Kim,C.I.;Lee,C.W.;Yoon,J.S.
  18. Korean J Community Nutrition v.1 no.2 Ecological studies of maternal-infant nutrition and feeding in urban low income areas Ahn,H.S.;Park,Y.S.;Park,S.H.
  19. Ⅲ.The Korea Foods Industry Association's Subsidiary Korea Advanced Food Research Institute A national nutrition investigation method improvement plan
  20. Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreans(7th revision) The Korean Nutrition Society
  21. Archives of Disease in Childhood v.57 Variation in the composition of breast milk during the first 5 Weeks of lactation: implication for the feeding of preterm infants Hibberd,C.D.;Brooke,O.G.;Carter,N.D.;Haug,M.;Harzer,G.
  22. Pediatr Res v.16 Differences in the composition of preterm and term human milk during early lactation Lemons,J.A.;Moye,L.;Hall,D.;Simmons,M.
  23. The J Pediatrics v.96 no.4 Nutritional composition of milk produced by mothers delivering preterm Gross,S.J.;David,R.J.;Bauman,L.;Tomarelli,R.M.
  24. Acta Pediatr Scand v.70 Comparison of the composition of breast milk from mothers of term and preterm infants Sann,L.;Bienvenu,F.;Lahet,C.;Bienvenu,J.;Bethenod,M.
  25. Korean J Nutrition v.28 no.2 A comparative study on the composition of preterm and fullterm human milk in colostrum Lee,Y.W.;Moon,S.J.;Lee,M.J.;Moon,H.N.;Hong,S.J.
  26. J Pediatr v.102 Micromineral balances in premature infants fed their own mother's milk or formula Atkinson,S.P.;Raddle,I.C.;Anderson,G.H.
  27. Nutritional Disoders of Children Fomon,S.J.;Ziegler,E.;Anderson,T.A.
  28. J pediatr Gastroent Nutr v.2 Milk and nutrient intake of breast-fed infant from 1 to 6 month: relation to growth and fatness Dewey,M.G.;Lonnerdal,B.
  29. Textbook of pediatric nutrition Nutrition requirements of the premature infant Ziegler,E.E.;Biga,R.L.;Fomons,S.J.;Suskind,R.M.(ed.)
  30. Arch Dis Child v.60 Metabolic bone disease in preterm infants Brooke,O.G.;Lucas,A.
  31. J Pediatr v.103 no.2 Effects of vitamin D and phosphorus supplementation on calcium retention in preterm infants fed banked human milk Senterre,J.;Putet,G.;Salle,B.;Rigo,J.
  32. Acta Pediatr Scand v.75 no.6 Rickets in very low birthweight infants:influence of supplementation with vitamin D;phosphorus and calcium Lindroth,M.;Westgren,U.;Laurin,S.
  33. Science v.222 Magnesium deficiency and hypertension: correlation between magnesium deficient diets and microcirculatory changes in situ Altura,B.M.;Altura,B.T.;Gebrewold,A.;Ising,H.;Gunther,T.
  34. Obstet Gynecol v.73 Erythrocyte and plasma magnesium during teenage pregnancy: relationship with blood pressure and pregnancy-induced hypertension Boston,J.L.;Beauchene,R.E.;Cruikshank,D.P.
  35. Korean J Nutrition v.24 no.5 A study on iron zinc and copper contents in human milk and trace element intakes of breast-fed infants Choi,M.K.;Ahn,H.S.;Moon,S.J.;Lee,M.J.
  36. J Pediatr v.96 no.3Pt1 Iron in human milk Fransson,G.B.;Lonnerdal,B.
  37. Nutrition biochemistry and Metabolism Nutrition and Metabolism of the trace elements Linder,M.C.;Linder,M.C.(ed.)
  38. Nutrition Today v.22 Nutrient needs of infants Picciano,M.F.
  39. Biol Neonate v.360 Accumulation of copper, zinc, manganese, chromium and cobalt in the human liver before birth Widdowson,E.N.;Chan,H.;Harrison,G.E.;Milner,R.B.G.
  40. Am J Clin Nutr v.33 no.1 Iron deficiency in infancy and childhood Dallman,P.R.;Siimes,M.A.;Stekel,A.
  41. Am J Obstet Gynecol v.143 Elevated serum iron in toxemia of pregnancy Entman,S.S.;Moore,R.M.;Richardson,L.D.;Killam,A.P.
  42. Int J Gynecol Obstet v.45 Significance of serum iron levels as biochemical marker in pregnancy-induced hypertension Das,S.S.;Dhall,G.I.;Dash,S.
  43. J pediatr v.88 no.4Pt.1 Feed the nursing mother, thereby the infant Sora,R.;Klaus,M.;Urrutia,J.J.
  44. Am J Clin Nutr v.37 Dietary supplementation of lactating Gambian women Prentice,A.M.;Roberts,S.B.;Panel,A.A.;Watkinson,M.;Watkinson,A.M.;Whitehead,R.G.
  45. J Pediatr v.101 Zinc, copper, calcium and manganese in human milk Fransson,G.B.;Lonnerdal,B.
  46. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr v.2 Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium contents of human milk during early lactation Lindblad,B.S.;Rahimtoola,R.J.;Jones,J.B.;Barnhart,H.
  47. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr v.4 no.3 Breast-feeding among teenage mothers:milk composition,infant growth,and maternal dietary intake Lipsman,S.;Dewey,K.G.;Lonnerdal,B.
  48. Iron Nutrition in Infancy and Childhood Iron in breast milk Lonnerdal,B.;Lonnerdal,B.(ed.)
  49. Acta Paediatr v.49 Studies on lactation: Relation between the dietary intake of lactating women and the chemical composition of milk with regard to principle and certain inorganic constituents Karmarkar,M.G.;Ramakrishnan,C.V.
  50. Br J Nutr v.39 The effect of iron status of nigerian mothers on that of their infants at birth and 6months,and on the concentration of iron in breast milk Murray,M.J.;Murray,A.B.;Murray,N.J.;Murray,M.B.
  51. Acta Pediatr Scand v.74 Increased breast milk iron in severe maternal anemia.Physiological trapping or leakage? Fransson,G.B.;Agarwal,K.N.;Gebre Medhim,M.;Hambraeus,L.
  52. Nutritional Biochemistry and Metabolism with clinical Applications Nutrition and metabolism of the trace elements Linder,M.C.;Linder,M.C.(ed.)