• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.417-426
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• 2019

This study examined to offer practical implications for the bullying for the prevention and response in early childhood education at the scene of the bullying that occur by to confirm the perception of the bullying to pre-service early childhood teachers. The survey questionnaire was completed by 313 pre-service early childhood teachers. SPSS Win program was used to perform frequency analysis, ANOVA. (1)The perception of bullying were significantly different according to grade and experience of child care practice, classroom observation, education program for taking preventive measure. (2)Teachers' perception about the action that can be seen as bullying followed by 'apply the violence, such as kicking, or were frequent', 'shared in things that often prevents','often to another carrier or shame in front of a friend'. (3)Perception about characteristics of bullying Perpetrators was 'aggressive behavior and talk much' and perception about characteristics of bullying victims was 'shy and not much'. (4)The reason of bullying perpetrators was 'Just for fun without a special reason' and the cause of bullying victims was 'problem of parents' child-rearing attitudes and home environment'. (5)Important institutions to combat bullying prevention followed by teacher, parents and family, community and the nation, preschool educational institution. Teachers guidance content of combat and prevent bullying was 'to be isolated from the class to infants continue to monitor'. Parents guidance content of combat and prevent bullying was 'communicate a lot and attention to children'. Early childhood education institutions guidance content of combat and prevent bullying was 'operations to come up with the bullying prevention education in educational time'. This study indicated that it is necessary to make efforts for increasing perception of bullying in pre-service early childhood teachers.

• Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.3117-3126
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• 2018

The operating system update is a basic step to maintain a safe internet use environment. This study analyzed whether the implementation of the operating system update was related to gender and age group during the violation accident prevention act in relation to information protection on the internet, and tried to verify the validity of these factors by analyzing the influence of gender and age group. In this study, logistic regression analysis was conducted based on the information security survey data surveyed by the Korea Internet & Security Agency in 2016. As a result, gender and age were surveyed as factors related to the implementation of operating system updates. As a result of analyzing the impact on the implementation of operating system updates by gender, it is estimated that the odds are 0.419 times higher for women than for men. According to the analysis of the operating system update by age group based on the 50s, which is a vulnerable group of information, the result is that the odds are 13.266 times higher in the 20s than the 50s.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.58
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• pp.139-160
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• 2018

'Gyeokmulchiji' (格物致知), coming to knowledge based on the investigation of things) is a starting point for any study and politics of Confucianism. Much emphasis was placed on the conception of 'Gyeokchi' as a root of every learning and adminstration in the early Joseon period. As Confucianism established itself as a salient value system of the government, a mighty change and paradigm shift happened in its governmental system which had depended upon Buddhism up to that time. Thus, Confucian statecraft also stood out. Daehakyeonui (大學衍義) was preached as a model of regal learning and politics in the governmental agon, and its conceptual starting point was 'Gyeokchi.' The various interpretations and arguments about this concept shows the process in which Zhu Xi NeoConfucianism was deepened into Neo-Confucianism of Joseon's own. This conception reached the essence of 'Li' beyond the problem of cognitive subject and object, and provided a watershed which divided Giho (畿湖) and Yeongnam (嶺南) schools. Confucian method of study, which incorporates knowledge and practice, has great implications for our times when there are many voices of concern over humanities. The enhancement of universities and humanities is much needed to adjust the direction and pace of scientific technology, which is now entirely left with the logic of market. Accordingly, it is quite urgent for us to examine our object of learning again, which should integrate 'Sugi' (修己, cultivating oneself) with 'Chi-in' (治人, governing others), and knowledge with practice.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.149-158
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• 2021

Advances in food packaging play an important role in keeping food manufacturing and food supply safe. Food packaging facilitates the storage, handling, transportation and preservation of food, and also contributes to the minimization of food waste. On the other hand, food packaging materials have high production volumes, short usage times, and accelerate the occurrence of environmental problems related to waste. The circular economy has already been introduced to pursue sustainability through resource conservation and recycling, and to reduce waste and carbon emissions. By activating an eco-friendly economic system that minimizes resource depletion and environmental pollution, reducing, reusing, recycling and redesigning the goals of the circular economy will reduce the impact of food packaging on the environment. This review focused on the safety aspects of recycled food packaging as recycling is currently considered an important means of packaging waste management. Assessing the safety of recycled packaging is very important because recycling can increase the levels of potentially hazardous chemicals in packaging and in the food after they are migrated. Various food packaging materials such as plastic, paper and cardboard, aluminum, steel, and multi-material multi-layers packaging are commonly used, but only the recycling safety of plastic food packaging materials, which is the most used and has a significant increase in post-use problem, is discussed in this review.

• 한국노년학
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.149-168
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• 2021

This study was to develop the Medication Adherence Scale in Elderly (MAS-E) with chronic disease and verify its reliability and validity. The MAS-E was developed in 5 steps: Configuration of conceptual frame by content analysis, preliminary items, pilot study, reliability and validity test, and development of final MAS-E with chronic disease. The questionnaires were collected from 345 adults with one-to-one interviews. Verification of its reliability and validity was divided into two phases. Reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha, split-halves reliability, and test-retest. For validity tests, item analysis, factor analysis, total score-factor score correlation analysis, and criterion related validity were used. The developed scale consisted of 18 items and 4 factors - remember of taking medication (2 items), expectations for drug effects (5 items), practice taking medication according to instructions (8 items), communicating with health professionals (3 items), and explained 69.7% of total variance. The scale had significantly positive correlation (r = .72, p <.001) with the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Cronbach's alpha was .91, Guttman split half coefficient was .80, and test-retest reliability was .912. Finding suggest that the MAS-E is a suitable scale to assess the status of medication adherence in elderly with chronic disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2021

The recognition for future global environment was studied targeting the university students who will be grown as general public composing our society in this study. The rate recognizing as the complex space of natural objects and artifacts is very low for non-science majored university students. Also, the rate recognizing global environment change from now to the future as negative. The environment recognition should be changed as that the university students can imagine the human live together with the nature in the image of future global environment. The environment education find out and practice the method that human can co-exist together to the direction of co-exist with the nature. Also, the rate internalizing future global environment as the space the human amends for non-science majored university students. This result is interpreted as shown the point of view that the global environment can be improved by the human activity, and it suggests the direction of environment education the university should supply. The environment education direction should be converted from the eduction of environment or the eduction from environment to the education for environment. The opportunity for global environment education should be provided to all university students without the discrimination on the major in the university education course. Sustainable global environment eduction is necessary for our son and daughter live on the earth continuously.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.229-241
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was attempted to identify the demographic characteristics, depression, and dietary quality of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, and to identify the difference in food quality according to these variables. Methods: The subjects of the study were 216 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes over the age of 65 visiting elderly welfare centers and senior citizens' centers in G city and H districts. Data were collected from December 2020 to July 2021. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and one-way ANOVA using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 program. Results: There were significant differences in dietary quality according to the subject's gender, education level, residential area, spouse or not, family living together or not, subject of meal preparation, calorie requirement recognition or not, exercise practice for diabetes management or not, and depression. Depression and Fasting Blood Sugar management were important influencing factors on dietary quality, and Residence and Gender were also verified as influencing factors. Conclusions: The results of this study can be provided as basic data to establish a program to improve the quality of meals for diabetic elderly patients.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.27
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• pp.119-143
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• 2009

This thesis examined interest and elucidation of Confucian scholars during the Chosun dynasty on the theory of self-cultivation. Taiji is the ultimate notion that surveys existence and value, however, the concern on the Taiji during the Chosun period lies more on the cultivation of mind. Confucian scholars understand the human world as a place for moral completion. Therefore, the self-cultivation theory of Confucianism rises against the disciplines of Taoism and Buddhism which are away from daily lives. And it also makes theoretical basis on the elucidation of Taiji distinguished from Taoist and Buddhist disciplines. The Confucian scholars in the Chosun dynasty saw Taiji as actual truth [實理] penetrating inside and outside and at the same time sincerity. On the discussion on "mind becomes Taiji[心爲太極]", they recognize taiji as a center supervising everything, human ultimate[人極], mind of the Way[道心]. The Confucian theory intending to comprehend tai-chi as a center of silent and stable mind, accepts methods of being calm, sitting in meditation, and breathing exercise at the time of before issuance[未發] This is reinterpreting the discipline methods of Taoism and Buddhism reasonably and including them as the parts of Confucian jing[敬] study.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.781-800
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the association between residential environment satisfaction and elderly depression with a focus on the mediating effect of physical activity. The survey of Living Conditions and Welfare Needs of Korean Older Persons performed in 2017 was used for analysis. Among total 10,299 who aged 65 years or above and participated in survey, only 10,059 people who answered the survey questions by themselves without missing main questions were included in this analysis. Mediation effects were tested with Baron & Kenny(1986) method and Sobel test(Sobel, 1982). As results, first, residential environment satisfaction was negatively associated with elderly depression. Second, residential environment satisfaction was positively related to physical activity. Lastly, it was found that physical activity mediated the relationship between residential environment satisfaction and elderly depression. The results showed that older adults who satisfied in residential environment were more likely to participate in physical activity, and older people who participated in physical activity were less likely to experience depressive symptoms. Based on these results, the paper suggests the importance of subjective satisfaction of residential environment and participation of physical activity for mental health in later life, and some intervention strategies for Aging In Place.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.47
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• pp.203-239
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• 2023

Jo Jeongsan's religious activity undertaken to benefit society can be organized into two categories. First, attention can be paid to Jo Jeongsan's religious activity of establishing religious order by enshrining Kang Jeungsan as the God of Ninth Heaven and making the Great Dao of Heaven and Earth the basic idea inspiring the social activity of his order. This was completed through the 50 years of propagation work carried out by Jo Joengsan in accordance with Kang Jeungsa's purpose of saving the world and its inhabitants. Second, his practice of social work in the field of people's lives based on the idea of the Dao can also be observed. This religious activity of Jo Jeongsan which began in 1909 was the sacred manifestation of his will to realize Kang Jeungsan's purpose of saving the world and people, and it was also a practice of spreading virtue throughout the world. In addition, Park Wudang carried out Sihak and Sibeop Gongbu (two varieties of holy work) for the cultivation of Dao trainees, and those methods came from the systematic cultivation practice established by Jo Jeongsan. Regarding this, we can refer to Kang Jeungsan's saying, "As the Dao shall dwell in the 12,000 peaks of Geumgang Mountain, the same number of sages who were enlightened to the Dao will be born into the world." The perfected state of human maturity or the emergence of people who are enlightened to the Dao would be the completion of the idea of saving the world and its inhabitants. Therefore, the holy works of Sihak and Sibeop that are now being carried out can be seen as the continuance of the pursuit of saving the world and humankind, as it was continually upheld by Park Wudang's predecessors, Jo Jeongsan and Kang Jeungsan.