• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2014

In some studies regarding acculturation strategies developed Berry(1997), not the preference for integration, but the preference for assimilation showed the best adjustment, which is different from the results of the majority of studies. For the reason of these results, we supposed that when the people of the host society expect the minority members to be assimilated to the host society and the minority members have very similar culture to the host society, the preference for assimilation in the minority members would show the best adjustment. And we tested this hypothesis with Korean-Chinese who had very similar culture to Korean culture and Han-Chinese who had very different culture from Korean culture. For two hundred and twenty five students(63 Korean-Chinese and 162 Han-Chinese), we asked them to complete a questionnaire including Acculturation Strategies Scale, Psychological Well-being Scale, and Depression Inventory. Data from the survey were analysed using two-way ANOVA. As a result, the interaction effect of acculturation strategies and ethnic types affected both of psychological well-being and depression. In details, for Korean-Chinese students, the preference for assimilation showed the highest levels of psychological well-being and the lowest levels of depression, but the preference for integration showed the lowest levels of psychological well-being and the highest levels of depression. For Han-Chinese students, the preference for integration showed the highest levels of psychological well-being and the lowest levels of depression, and the preference for marginalization showed the lowest levels of psychological well-being and the highest levels of depression. We discussed the meanings of the results, implications, and interventions to help Chinese students adjust Korean society.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.33-50
• /
• 2002

This study examines cross-national patterns of asymmetry of marriage tables with respect to educational level and tries to measure the degree of gender inequality across nations. A Primary assumption of the study is that gender inequality inhibits symmetric marriage between men and women. As men and women differ more in status, the rate of symmetric marriage between them declines thus producing asymmetric marriage with respect to social status. More specifically, the main object of the study is to develop statistical models and index with which to assess the patterns and degree of asymmetric marriage. Additionally, it is intended to assess the appropriateness of several theoretical perspectives for explaining these variations identified by the statistical models. Two most important such perspectives are industrialism and theory of politics and culture. To answer these questions, this study relies on twenty-seven marriage tables with respect to educational level, some from published tables, and some extracted from other sources. The main findings of the study are: (1) compared to less industrialized countries, more industrialized countries have lower degrees of asymmetric marriage(gender inequality) with respect to educational level, and (2) other things being equal, differences in politics and culture seem to have the some impact on marriage pattern; for instance, social democracy and state socialism reduce the degree of asymmetric marriage while the high emphasis on gender-based hierarchy in Asian countries seems to increase it In short, these results suggest a weaker or modified version of industrialists That is, while with economic growth most nations show a decline in the degrees of asymmetric marriage with respect to social status, for some nations the degrees of asymmetric marriage are affected by their specific politics or cultures.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.52
• /
• pp.111-132
• /
• 2018

The way of approaching 'the relationship between love and justice' varies from person to person. We can argue for superiority of love or for superiority of justice by understanding the relationship between the two as conflicting. We can also argue that we need each other by understanding each other as a complementary relationship rather than an oppositional relationship. Hegel, however, sees love and justice as independent constitutive principles valid in different areas and does not regard the two as opposing nor complementary. This can only be understood when the structure of Hegel's theory of recognition is properly assumed. The relationship between love and justice will be considered mainly in Hegel's theory of recognition. Key philosophical points of Hegel's theory of recognition and consequences drawn on the relationship between love and justice on the basis of the theory will be examined. This can be summarized in the form of a thesis, roughly as follows. - Hegel presents love, justice and solidarity, that are various forms of recognition, to a family, a civil society and a state, that are three forms of social relations, as their constitutive principles. He does not grasp the relationship between love and justice as oppositional nor as complementary, that is different from many people's general perspective on the relationship of the two. - In Hegel's theory of recognition, love and justice differ in the areas in which they are valid. Love is a valid principle in the intimacy, and justice is a valid principle in non-intimacy. So, if justice and rights are asserted in intimacy, the area of intimacy is destroyed. Conversely, if love is asserted in non-intimacy, it cannot exercise real influence. - In the political community such as a state, where intimacy and non-intimacy overlap each other, the principle of solidarity is needed as a new constitutive principle, since a state does not stand on the principle of love as in a family nor on the principle of justice as in a civil society.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 2021

This exploratory study focuses on ascertaining the cross-cultural differences in the perception of entrepreneurial orientation among university students in Korea, China, and Japan. Total 670 university students from the three culturally diverse environments were administered questionnaires designed to determine the differences in individual entrepreneurship orientation(IEO). Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23 version. ANOVA was used to test the established hypotheses. Statistically significant differences were found among the three groups of university students in IEO. China displayed the highest level of IEO followed by Korea and then Japan. Japan is less likely to be committed to entrepreneurial activity than Korea and China. The finding implies the sociocultural effect may come into play when young people forms positive attitude on entrepreneurship, that is identical to the arguments of prior studies. This study, however, has contributed to the literature by adding empirical evidence first time on different perceptions of IEO sub-scales by Korean, Chinese and Japanese university students. Theoretical and practical implication have been presented, where the importance of nurturing pro-activeness was stressed for Korean university students, most of all.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
• /
• 2008.10b
• /
• pp.218-234
• /
• 2008

중국은 2008년 현재 메신저 이용자 수와 블로그 등의 웹 2.0 이용자 수에 있어서 세계 1위이다. 그리고 중국의 2007년 850억 달러의 인터넷 디지털 시장은 2015년에 2640억 달러로 성장할 전망이다. 이와 같이 인터넷 시장의 규모와 성장 가능성으로 인해 중국 인터넷 비즈니스의 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 이러한 필요성에 따라서 본 연구에서는 중국의 인터넷 동향 중에서 가장 큰 주목을 끌고 있는 웹 2.0 기반의 사회 연결망 서비스 분야에서 다음 세 가지의 연구 질문을 설정하고 그 답을 찾아보았다. 첫째, 중국 사회 연결망 서비스의 주요 특징은 무엇인가? 이러한 질문에 답하기 위해 본 연구에서는 문헌연구를 바탕으로 중국의 대표적인 사회 연결망 서비스 업체로 Tencent QQ와 Sina Poco를 살펴보았고, 중국 사회 연결망 서비스 이용자의 가입 이유, 갱신 이유, 주요 내용, 유상 서비스에 대한 태도 등을 살펴보았으며, 중국 인터넷 사용자의 집단별 특징에 대해 살펴보았다. 둘째, 중국 사회 연결망 서비스의 이용에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인들은 무엇인가? 이러한 질문에 답하기 위해 동기부여이론, TAM 이론. 관련 선행연구 등을 검토하여 중국 사회 연결망 서비스의 이용에 영향을 미치는 요인들로서 사용자 참여, 사회적 영향, 네트워크 효과, 유용성, 시스템 품질 등을 도출하였고 PLS를 이용한 데이터 분석을 통해 검증하였다. 검증결과, 사회 연결망 서비스 이용에 유용성이 가장 큰 영향을 미치고, 다음으로 네트워크 효과, 사용자 참여, 시스템 품질 순으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 사회적 영향은 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 중국과 한국은 어떠한 점에서 차이가 있는가? 가장 두드러진 차이는 사회적 영향에 있어서 한국은 유의 적인데 비해 중국이 유의적이지 않다는 점이다. 이는 한국과 중국 사이에 국가 문화적 차이가 존재하기 때문에 발생했다고 생각할 수도 있고, 중국이 인터넷 성장기에 있는데 비해 한국은 인터넷 성숙기에 있는 등의 기술적, 사회적, 경제적 발달 과정상의 차이에 의한 것이라고도 볼 수 있다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.125-136
• /
• 2013

Director Choi Donghoon is the most famous director in Korea as a box office successor, especially (2102) has gained No. 1 box office attraction in Korean film history. However some critics have criticised the works of Dr. Choi because of their plebeianness. This paper focused on the reason of interaction with audiences through the theory of carnival of Mikhail M. Bakhtin. Because the theory of carnival is not only the adapted method to account for the power of popular culture to M. Baktin but also the useful method to understand the keys of interaction of Dr. Choi's films. It's not difficult to find the esthetic elements of carnival theory example for 'dethronement & coronation', 'overturn & ridicule', 'image of feast', 'language of square' in the films of Choi which are The Big Swindle(2004), Tazza: The High Rollers(2006), Woochi(2009), The Thieves(2012). Therefore this paper has endeavored that the box office attraction and success of communication with audiences is due to the realistic attitude and social reflection of Choi's films.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.267-281
• /
• 2021

The shift in the perspective on learning as participation draws attention to learners' identity work. This manuscript foregrounds the ongoing and fluid processes of identity, and focuses on the structure surrounding learners where identity work occurs and the expression of individual agency. From the perspective of learning as participation, we introduce Holland et al. (1998) identity-in-practice theory, as the theoretical lens that dialectically describes structure, agency and identity. The concepts representing this theory are 'figured world', 'positionality' and 'authoring self'. The figured world is a web of meaning encompassing the continuous construct/reconstruct through human actions and also exerts as the social force that shapes human actions. 'Positionality' on the other hand, means an understanding of one's social position in the world. The notion of 'authoring self', is a dimension that synthesizes the above two concepts, which describes the improvisation of one's self through the orchestration and collaboration of various social voices. Next, we analyzed and described various cases of this theory that we found within the scope of science education. However, due to the nature of this theory, which takes a sociocultural approach, international research studies cannot be simply applied to the Korean context. Therefore, we sought to expand the applicability of this theory as a methodological tool, by discussing the directions in which this theory can be used in a domestic context. It is intended that the introduction of this theory, which emphasizes multi-layered, continuous and cumulative identity work, will be used as a resource to further expand the horizon of science education reform that is required for the times.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.635-647
• /
• 2018

Motivated reasoning refers to biased reasoning that is affected by motivation to achieve a particular result or goal. In this study, we attempted a theoretical study on motivated reasoning that hinders the development of scientific thinking and empirical study on actual context of motivated reasoning in the research experiences of next-generation Korean researchers in the field of science and technology. To be specific, literature reviews were conducted to explore the psychological meaning of motivated reasoning and its negative impact on scientific thinking and science research. To understand the substantial meaning and context of motivated reasoning in the field of real science and technology research, we conducted in-depth interviews with eight graduate students and one young science and technology researcher. As a result of the literature reviews, we found out that motivated reasoning can interfere with the proper theory and data coordination, which is the core process of scientific thinking at the individual level. At the socio-cultural level, it can lead to cessation of constructing scientific knowledge and it can act as a mechanism in the process of using science for specific socio-cultural beliefs or purposes, thereby hindering the development of science and technology based on rationale and objective scientific thinking. Quantitative analysis with in-depth interview data showed that graduate students and the young researcher's experienced motivated reasoning results in trying to protect prior beliefs, make hasty conclusions, protecting socio-cultural belief or rationalizing decisions made by their community. Their motivated reasoning could become an obstacle in constructing valid science and technology knowledge through appropriate theory and evidence coordination. Based on these findings we discussed science education for improving scientific thinking.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 1992

본 논문에서는 사람이 환경을 통해 경험하는 미학적 경험(aesthetic experience)을 체계화시킨 이론적 모델(a conceptual model of affect and cognition interface in aesthetic experiences of landscapes)이 간단히 소개 되며, 이 모델을 검증하기 위한 연구가 중점적으로 다루어진다. 제시된 모 델은 경관의 미학적 경험을 감정(affect)과 인지(cognition)와의 상호작용 (interface)으로 설명하고 있으며, 세 가지 요소(사람이 환경에 대하여 갖고 있는 목적 : tasks, 사람의 모든 과거경험에 근거한 지식일체 : schematic knowledge, 환경의 독특한 상황 : environmental situation)를 미학적 경험 의 주요인자로 제시한다. 이 모델을 검증하기 위한 연구에서는 앞에서 소 개된 미학적 경험의 세 가지 요소(사람의 목적, 지식, 환경상황)를 과학적 이고 계량적이고 처리할 수 있도록 세부요소로 분류정의 (operationalization)하였다. 구체적으로, 사람의 목적은 환경을 평가하는 세 가지 목적, 즉 경치평가(scenic beauty judgment), 들놀이 목적으로서의 평가(picnic preference judgment), 주거목적으로서의 평가(living preference judgment)로 분류되었고, 이 세 가지 환경평가는 미학적 경험의 지표로 사용되었다. 사람의 지식은 국적에 근거한 문화적인 지식(cultural schema : 한국인과 텍사스인)과 직업에 근거한 사회적인 지식(social schema : 농부, 비농부, 조경학과 학생)으로 분류되었으며, 환경상황은 환 경의 아름다움(beauty : 아름다운 경관과 아름답지않은 경관)과 환경의 의 미(meaning : 긍정적인 의미가 있는 한국경관, 긍정적인 의미가 없는 한국 경관, 긍정적인 의미가 있는 미국 텍사스경관)로 분류되었다. 연구결과를 보면, 이론적 모델에서 소개된 세 가지 요소들 (사람의 목적, 지식, 환경상 황) 모두가 경관의 미학적 경험에(경치평가, 들놀이 선호도, 주거지 선호 도) 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 이 연구결과는 제시된 이론적 모델을 뒷받침하고 있다. 특히, 가장 흥미로운 연구결과를 요약하면 첫째, 사람의 문화적인 지식은 단독으로 미학적 경험에 영향을 주는 것이 아니라 다른 요소들(특히 사회적인 지식과 목적)과의 상호작용을 통해 미학적 경 험을 형성한다는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 둘째, 환경의 아름다움은 다른 세부요소 들(환경의 의미, 사람의 목적과 지식)보다 미학적 경험에 주는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 모든 사람들에게 비슷한 미학적 경험을 발생시키는 것 이 밝혀졌다. 다시 말하면 모든 사람들은 그들의 문화적인 국적과 사회적 인 직업의 차이, 목적의 차이, 또한 환경의 의미의 차이에 상관없이 아름다 운 경관(High-beauty landscape)을 주거지나 나들이 장소로서 선호했으며, 아름답다고 평가했다. 반면에, 사람들이 갖고 있는 문화의 차이, 직업의 차 이, 목적의 차이, 그리고 환경의 의미의 차이에 따라 경관의 미학적 평가가 달라진 것으로 나타났다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.22 no.10
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2022

The overall digital transformation in society is rapidly progressing with the corona virus epidemic. In particular, in the field of cultural heritage and museums, digital transformation is taking place throughout the preservation, management, and utilization of cultural heritage. To respond to this, the importance of cultivating the digital literacy of museum professionals to select and utilize digital cultural heritage information is increasing. However, the current digital capacity education of museum professionals has not reached the cultivation of digital literacy due to one-way theory and one-way practical education. To overcome this, we propose a digital capacity building program using virtual museums. We propose a curriculum based on participatory museums, cooperative learning, and project-based learning theories. Learners experience the entire process of acquiring, selecting, and utilizing digital cultural heritage information through individual, cooperative, constant, exhibitions, and project-based learning programs. We were evaluated by experts in terms of education, museum education, and ICT technology education to prove its usability and derive improvements. This study will contribute to building the digital capacity of museum professionals.