• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.375-390
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• 2021

Purpose: Most of cybersecurity breaches occur in SMEs. As the existing cybersecurity framework and certification system are mainly focused on financial and large companies, it is difficult for SMEs to utilize it due to lack of cybersecurity budget and manpower. So it is necessary to come up with measures to allow SMEs to voluntarily manage cyber risks. Method: After reviewing Cybersecurity market, cybersecurity items of financial institutions, cybersecurity framework comparison and cybersecurity incidents reported in the media, the criticality of cybersecurity items was analyzed through AHP analysis. And cybersecurity items of non-life insurers were also investigated and made a comparison between them. Result: Cyber risk management methods for SMEs were proposed for 20 major causes of cyber accidents. Conclusion: We hope that the cybersecurity risk assessment measures of SMEs in Korea will help them assess their risks when they sign up for cyber insurance, and that cyber risk assessment also needs to be linked to ERM standardization.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.134-136
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• 2019

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) issued 2017 Guidelines on maritime cyber risk management. In accordance with IMO's maritime cyber risk management guidelines, each flag State is required to comply with the Safety Management System (SMS) of the International Safety Management Code (ISM) that the cyber risks should be integrated and managed before the first annual audit following January 1, 2021. In this paper, to identify cyber security management targets and risk factors in the maritime sector and to conduct vulnerability analysis, we catagorized the cyber security sector in management, technical and physical sector in maritime sector based on the industry guidelines and international standards proposed by IMO. In addition, the Risk Matrix was used to conduct a qualitative risk assessment according to risk factors by cyber security sector.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.99-107
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• 2019

The "Risk management" and "Security monitoring" activities for cyber security are deeply correlated in that they prepare for future security threats and minimize security incidents. In addition, it is effective to apply a pattern model that visually demonstrates to an administrator the threat to that information asset in both the risk management and the security system areas. Validated pattern models have long-standing "control chart" models in the traditional quality control sector, but lack the use of information systems in cyber risk management and security systems. In this paper, a cyber Security Risk Monitoring (SRM) system that integrates risk management and a security system was designed. The SRM presents a strategy for applying 'security control' using the pattern of 'control charts'. The security measures were integrated with the existing set of standardized security measures, ISMS, NIST SP 800-53 and CC. Using this information, we analyzed the warning trends of the cyber crisis in Korea for four years from 2014 to 2018 and this enables us to establish more flexible security measures in the future.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2016

기업들의 생산 공정이 세분화되면서 하나의 디지털 기기는 여러 단계의 공급망을 통해 원자력 발전소 외부에서 제작된 후 공급된 기기들과 소프트웨어의 조합으로 최종 완성품이 제작된다. 이러한 공정 과정을 거치는 다양한 나라, 회사에서 제작된 수많은 부품들과 소프트웨어의 조합은 어느 하나의 단계에서 발생한 의도되거나 의도되지 않은 결함 또는 사이버 위험을 포함한 최종제품이 될 가능성을 가지고 있으며 실제로 공급망을 위협하는 사례가 발생하기도 하였다. 이러한 결과로 공급망을 통한 사이버공격의 보안 위험 사례를 관리하는 것이 디지털화가 급격하게 진행되고 있는 원자력발전소와 같은 주요기반시설의 안전과 보안을 유지하는데 고려해야하는 중요한 요소가 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 공급망을 통한 사이버보안 위험 사례와, 원자력발전소 디지털 자산 공급망 위험관리를 위한 해외 사례를 살펴보고자 한다.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.173-179
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• 2023

The 4th Industrial Revolution technology has emerged as a solution to build a hyper-connected, super-intelligent network-oriented operational environment, overcoming the obstacles of reducing troops and defense budgets facing the current military. However, the overall risk management, including the increase in complexity of the latest inform ation technology and the verification of the impact with the existing information system, is insufficient, leading to serious threats to system integrity and availability, or negatively affecting interoperability between systems. It can be inhibited. In this paper, we suggest cyber threat response strategies for our military to prepare for cyber threats by examining information security risk management in the United States in order to protect military information assets from cyber threats that may arise due to the advancement of information technology.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1233-1245
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• 2017

Cyber risk is rapidly increasing due to the hyperconnectivity of the IoT in the intelligent information society. Therefore cyber insurance has been attracting attention as a new risk management countermeasure by transferring cyber risk. However, cyber insurance is still a new concept in South Korea. The purpose of this study is to propose the concept of cyber insurance suitable for domestic demand by deriving the priority of cyber insurance coverage. Research results suggest that the most requisite cyber insurance types are business interruption and liability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.205-207
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• 2023

국제선급연합회(International Association of Classification Societies: IACS)에서는 2022년 선박 및 기자재시스템 사이버 복원력 달성을 위한 공통규칙 UR E26, E27을 발행하였으며, 이 규정은 2024년 1월 이후 건조 계약되는 선박에 의무적으로 적용될 예정이다. 현존선의 경우, OT 시스템 네트워크 변경 및 사이버보안 기능을 신규 구현하기가 어렵기 때문에 사이버 위험관리에 한계가 있으나, 본 규정을 통해 신조선 건조 단계에서 설계 보안 (secure by design)을 고려한 선박 사이버 복원력 네트워크 및 기능 구현이 가능하다. 사이버복원력 생태계가 잘 형성되기 위해서는 선주, 조선소, 제조사, 선급 등 주요 이해관계자의 역할이 중요하며 향후 다양한 프로젝트를 통한 사이버복원력 체계 내재화, 재직자 사이버보안 역량 강화, 선박 사이버안전 기술 지속적 연구가 필요하다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.139-140
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• 2020

우리나라는 국제해사기구에서 제시한 자율수준 3단계의 자율운항선박 기술개발 사업을 추진 중에 있으며, 자율운항선박 및 원격운항센터의 사이버보안에 관한 기술개발이 핵심과제로 포함되어 있다. 국제해사기구는 현존선의 대한 사이버 위협에 대한 조치로 제98차 해사안전위원회에서 '해상 사이버 위험관리 지침(Guidelines on maritime cyber risk management)'을 채택 및 승인하였다. 자율운항선박이 디지털 센서의 거대시스템임을 고려할 때 기술개발 완료시 해상에서 기존 선박과 자율운항선박의 공동 운항을 고려하여 해상교통관제체계(VTS)에 대한 사이버보안 측면을 고려 할 필요가 있다. 이 논문에서는 부산항 VTS 관제사(VTSO)를 대상으로 하여 자율운항선박 운영을 고려한 VTS 관제시스템의 사이버보안 만족도를 조사하였다. VTSO를 대상으로 한 사이버보안 만족도 조사 및 분석방법은 IPA(Importance Performance Analysis) 매트릭스를 적용하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1183-1192
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• 2022

Information and Information processing systems must maintain a certain level of security during the total life cycle of Information. To maintain a certain level of security, security management processes are applied to software, automobile development, and the U.S. federal government information system over a life cycle, but theme of no similar security management process in Korea. This paper proposes a Korean-style security risk management framework to maintain a certain level of security in the total life cycle of information and information processing system in the defense sector. By applied to the defense field, we intend to present the direction of defense security work in the future and induce an shift in security paradigm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.72-73
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• 2021

As discussions of the International Maritime Organization for the introduction of the Marine Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS) began in earnest, discussions were conducted to prioritize cybersecurity (Cyber Risk Management) when developing a system to support MASS operation at the 27th ENAV Committee Working Group (WG2). Korea launched a technology development project for autonomous ships in 2020, and has been promoting detailed tasks for cybersecurity technology development since 2021. MASS operation in a digital maritime communication system environment requires network security of various digital equipment that was not considered in the existing maritime communication environment. This study introduces the basic concept of network security equipment to support MASS operation in the detailed task of cybersecurity technology development, and defines the network security equipment interface for MASS ship application in the basic stage.