• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.41-65
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find out the health condition and the etiology in oriental medicine of the high school girls menstrual disorders by Sasang constitution. Methods: The data from the 795 participants were collected using a structured menstrual history questionnaire. Based on the survey responses, we had 97 adolescents with menstrual disorder as the test group and 97 adolescents without menstrual disorder as the control group. The clinical trials subjects were asked to respond to another questionnaire for identifying their constitutional types and respond to the DSOM and undergo Inbody. We identified significant variables for dysmenorrhea from comparison between the test and control group. Results: The DSOM test showed that the scores of qi stagnation, static blood, cold, dampness, phlegm, heart, kidney were significantly higher in dysmenorrhea, scant menstruation, menstruation at irregular intervals. For the Sasang constitution, there is a difference on the cause of the outbreak. Soyangin from yin deficiency, dryness and blood deficiency is associated with menstrual disorders. Taeumin from cold, dampness and qi deficiency is associated with menstrual disorders. Soeumin from heart, qi stagnation, static blood and spleen is associated with menstrual disorders. Conclusions: For the Sasang constitution, there is a difference on the cause of the outbreak. The result of a comparison of the test and control groups showed that there's no relevance to the body fat mass and body fat percentage with menstrual irregularities.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2019

Academic burn-out is a state of emotional, and physical exhaustion caused by prolonged stress over the course of the semester and academic year. It is composed of exhaustion, inefficacy, and cynicism. The purpose of this study was to reveal that the academic burn-out would be significantly different between early and the end stage of semester, and the sub pattern would be different according to Sasang constitution among the healthcare college students. The first survey was conducted in early March 2018 and the second one was done in the end of June 2018. Total 386 questionnaires concerning KS-15 of Sasang Constitution, MBI-SS of academic burn-out and general characteristics such as drinking, smoking and so on were collected and 9 of them were excluded, because of insufficient answers. The academic burn-out score significantly increased from 56 in early stage of semester to 63 in the end stage of semester (p<.001). In sub-pattern analysis, the exhaustion score significantly increased from 21.3 to 26.7 (p<.001), and cynicism score increased from 15.4 to 17 (p<.001). The cynicism score of drinking alcohol group ($16.21{\pm}5.572$) was higher than the non-drinking alcohol group ($14.62{\pm}5.859$), and the exhaustion score of smoking group ($23.75{\pm}6.942$) was significantly higher than that of non-smoking group ($21.05{\pm}6.697$) in early stage of semester. The exhaustion score of female ($27.47{\pm}5.762$) was higher than that of male ($26.02{\pm}6.536$) (p=.024), and the inefficacy score of Taeeumin ($20.13{\pm}5.244$) was significantly higher than that of Soyangin ($18.15{\pm}5.588$) in the end stage of semester. The healthcare college student experiences academic burn-out, and there is significantly different according to gender and SC in sub-pattern. Further study is needed to manage the academic burn-out according gender and Sasang constitution.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the emotional characteristics of the Sasang constitution with the Core Seven Emotions Inventory (CSEI) and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Methods: A total of 224 participants were assessed with a Sasang Constitutional Analysis Tool (SCAT) for Sasang Constitution Diagnosis, and completed the Core Seven Emotions Inventory (CSEI) and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Results: 1. From the results of the CSEI, Soeumin showed a significantly higher fear (恐) score than the Soyangin. 2. From the results of the TCI, Soeumin showed a significantly higher harm avoidance (HA) score than Taeeumin and Soyangin. Moreover, the Soyangin showed a significantly higher reward dependence (RD) score than Taeeumin and Soeumin. 3. In the correlation tests of the CSEI sub-scales, there was negative correlation between joy (喜) and other emotions, which are thoughts (思), depression (憂), sorrow (悲) and fear (恐). There were positive correlations between the emotions except joy (喜). 4. In the correlation tests of the TCI sub-scales, there was negative correlation between HA and persistence (P), and HA and SD. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between RD and cooperativeness (C) and between P and self-directedness (SD). 5. In the correlation tests of the TCI and CSEI, joy (喜) showed a negative correlation with HA and a positive correlation with P and with SD. Anger (怒) showed a negative correlation with C and other emotions except joy (喜) showed a negative correlation with RD. Conclusions: The differences of psychological characteristics in Sasang Constitution were shown with CSEI and TCI from this study.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.225-233
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to reveal the gait characteristics of each Sasang constitution by examining the differences in gait analysis indicators using a 3-axis accelerometer. Methods: Ninety-one participants were classified through the TS-QSCD (Two-Step Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Diagnosis) method and gait analysis was performed using a 3-Axis Accelerometer (G-WALK. BTS Bioengineering, Italy). Gait analysis in returning to the 6-meter turnaround point and 6-minute walking test were performed. The differences in the gait analysis index values were analyzed between each constitution. Results: The gait analysis of 91 subjects (37 Taeumin, 37 Soyangin, and 17 Soeumin), showed that the percent stride length/height in the Soyangin subjects was significantly higher than that of the Taeeumin and Soeuminin subjects in the spatiotemporal walking variables (p<0.05). Stride length also showed the widest tendency in the Soyangin subjects (p=0.05). In the kinesiological analysis, the range of pelvic obliquity angles in the Soeumin subjects was significantly wider than that of the Taeumin and Soyangin subjects (p<0.05). In the six-minute walking test, the Soyangin subjects walked the farthest at 309.41±35.23 m (p=0.064). Conclusions: In a comparison of the gait characteristics for each Sasang constitution using a three-dimensional accelerometer, the stride width of the Soyangin subjects was the widest compared to the Taeeumin, and Soeumin subjects, and Soyangin's walking speed showed a faster tendency than that of the Taeeumin and Soeumin subjects.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to report a case diagnosed with cellulitis and ankle joint synovitis after acupuncture treatment. An 85-years old female suffering from low back pain was managed by acupuncture including BL60. After treatment, unintended ankle pain occurred. The pain was diagnosed with cellulitis and synovitis by MRI. The patient was transferred to the Western medical hospital, and ankle joint arthroscopic synovectomy was performed. It was difficult to find a clear relationship between acupuncture and ankle joint synovitis. But it would be reasonable to assume that cellulitis was associated with acupuncture needling and synovitis was followed. Serious adverse effects, such as septic arthritis, are rare, but need significant attention. For acupuncture treatment on the ankle, especially using BL60, the depth and manipulation should be carefully performed along with sterilization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.607-621
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• 2021

The elderly population is rapidly increasing in South Korea, and interest in food development considering the Sasang constitution theory from oriental medicine and balanced nutrition is increasing. We developed the oriental medicinal porridges based on the Sasang constitution for the elderly. By Sasang constitutional medicine, Taeyangin has a large lung and small liver, and Soyangin has a large stomach and small kidney. Taeeumin has a small lung and large liver, and Soeumin has a small stomach and a large kidney. In this study, proper oriental medicine and food ingredients were identified, and a total of 12 oriental medicinal porridges were developed for 3 items by 4 Sasang constitution types. A single portion was developed based on about 600±66kcal, and the food ingredients were chopped. After cooking the menu developed based on the Sasang constitution, a sensory test was conducted. Five items, such as taste, appearance, aroma, texture, and overall preference, were evaluated on a 7-point scale. Sewage omegaenggul porridge among porridges for Taeyangin had the highest overall acceptance (6.17±0.7 points). Sukjihwang abalone black sesame porridge for Soyangin had the highest score(5.83±0.9 points). Sanyakyulmu hwangtae porridge for Taeeumin had the highest score(5.90±0.6 points). Ginseng chicken curry porridge among porridges for Soeumin had the highest overall preference in taste, appearance, aroma, texture, and overall acceptability (6.53±0.7 points). A limitation of this study was that the clinical trial could not be conducted on the elderly classified as Sasang constitution. In the future, the elderly will be able to have oriental medicinal foods according to the classification of Sasang constitution.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1063-1074
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• 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to the Sasang constitution (SC) and cold and heat pattern identification (CHPI). Methods: SC, CHPI, MetS, and component data were obtained from 2,561 participants in 26 Korean medical clinics from 2007 to 2013. SC, diagnosed by Korean medicine doctors, was confirmed by positive responses to herbal medicines administered according to that constitution. The CHPI was verified by a questionnaire about thermal sensitivity and drinking habits. The diagnosis criteria for MetS were: 1) waist circumference (WC) ≥90 cm (male) and ≥80 cm (female); 2) triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL; 3) high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) <40 mg/dL (male) and <50 mg/dL (female); 4) blood pressure ≧130/85 mmHg; and 5) fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dL. Odds ratios (ORs) and differences in MetS and its components were compared using logistic regression and ANCOVA. Results: The MetS prevalence rates were 54.1%, 22.0%, and 33.3% for Taeeumin (TE), Soeumin (SE), and Soyangin (SY), respectively, and 30.5% and 44.5% for the cold and heat patterns, respectively. ANCOVA for MetS components showed significantly higher WC in TE than in SE or SY, and all components except HDL were higher in the heat pattern group than in the cold pattern group. Logistic regression for MetS prevalence showed a significant association between TE and the heat pattern group (OR=1.653) but not for non-TE and the cold pattern group. Conclusions: Considering SC and CHPI together may be more effective in managing MetS than considering SC alone.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.149-156
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• 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the association of sasang constitution with bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal Korean women. Methods: Sasang constitution was analyzed by Phonetic System for Sasang Constitution in 92 postmenopausal Korean. The BMD was checked using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometer(DEXA) at lumbar spine, femur neck. Results: Bone mineral density of lumbar spine(T-score) according to Sasang constitution was Taeumin($-1.12{\pm}1.26$), Soyangin($-1.30{\pm}1.06$), Soeumin($-1.51{\pm}1.21$). Bone mineral density of femur neck(T-score) according to Sasang constitution was Taeumin($-0.76{\pm}1.07$), Soyangin($-0.92{\pm}0.81$), Soeumin($-0.84{\pm}0.86$). Conclusion: There was significant relationship between sasang constitution and BMD of femur neck. There was no significant relationship between sasang constitution and BMD of lumbar spine.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.413-421
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• 2022

The online questionnaire platform was conducted with Korean medicine doctors to analyses the recognition of applicability of artificial intelligence(AI) to the field of application and department of Korean medicine. Most of all respondents did not have a chance to participate academic experience or research experience related to AI, but had a high willingness to participate in further learning and research. The level of AI understanding was supervised learning When AI is introduced to Korean medicine, the mean predicted usefulness scores to each application field for research and development of oriental medicine(74.60 points) and social policy establishment(73.68 points) are significantly higher than other of Korean medicine field of application, while those of Sasang constitutional department(66.61 points) and Korean medicine rehabilitation(65.91 points) were evaluated higher than other fields of treatment of Korean medicine. Respondents judged that the introduction of AI could be realistically useful in relatively formal fields of Korean medicine, while it would be difficult in non-formal fields.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.18-31
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• 2002

This study, as a basic research to manage a Chinese Medicine Health Promotion Center by way of showing an example, is a before and after experiment research for simple group to verify a difference with cholesterol, health status and perception of health in order to confirm a effectiveness of diet and regimen according to the 4th status of physical constitution. Research object was chosen of 42 persons who operate a physical constitutional dietary regimen among them after selecting professors and clinical nurses (55 persons) majoring in the science of nursing who participated in Chinese Medicine-oriented Nurse Training Course from Aug. of 2001 to Feb. of 2002 all over the country. Diagnostic tools for physical constitution was used of the questionary that is currently consisted of physical constitution grouping test in Eastern & Western Diagnose Center of K Medical Center, and rating of health status was used of the tool that standardized CMI(Cornell Medical Index) to be available for Korean, and perception measurement for health status was used of a visual analogue scale for the health status that each one perceive personally, and physiological status was measured of cholesterol in blood. Analysis for the collected data was carried out by percentage, $X^2$ test, paired t-test according to research object by using SPSS, and the results of this study are as follows. 1) There was no difference with cholesterol before or after the experiment for objects. As a result of estimation about difference with health status by areas before or after the experiment, there are more improved result in eyes, ears, digestive organs, bones and sinews organs, frequency of a disorder, habit, adaptation status, angry, healthy status than before the experiment. As a whole, after the experiment the health was more improved than before the experiment. As the result to inspect a difference of health perception between before and after experiment, after the experiment the health perception level was improved than before, however there was no meaningful differences. 2) As the result to inspect a difference of cholesterol between before and after experiment according to object's physical constitution, in the case of So-yang-in(a person with the minimum male: according to the male and female principles(the sun and the moon)) among the 4th status of physical constitution there was only meaningful difference statistically, however, after the experiment their cholesterol's value was increased. As the result to inspect the difference of health status between before and after the experiment according to physical constitution, all of Ta-um-in(a person with maximum the female), So-yang-in(with the minimum male), So-um-in(with the minimum female) had a meaningful difference before and after the experiment, which means that in all case by physical constitutional groups, after the experiment their health status was more improved than before the experiment. As the result to inspect a difference of health perception between before and after according to physical constitutions, in the case of Tae-um-in and So-um-in, average score after the experiment was risen than before the experiment so that it means that the level of health perception was improved, however, there was no meaning statistically. According to the above results, if continuous diet and regimen by each physical constitutions could be implemented, it is certain that the health could be maintained and promoted. And, what we are healthy is for oneself to feel it subjectively. However, I think that cholesterol score in blood that we can view objectively could be changed distinctly if we can implement a strict diet and regimen. Accordingly, it is necessary for a method and period of experiment to be more strict and longer. According to the above results, I would like to suggest as follows. 1) In order to understand health status by Korean's physical constitutions and to generalize it, these research will be repeated against much more objects that could be selected by proper grouping method to consider a representative. 2) It is necessary for a research to inspect health status by physical constitution by developing a health status measurement tool that has higher confidence and propriety based on physical constitutional theory.