• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.406-415
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with asthma in Korean adults. Methods: Data on 16,528 adults aged 19-64 were collected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The general characteristics of the subjects, daily food intake, and daily energy and nutrients intake were investigated according to fruit and vegetable consumption. All statistical analyses were conducted based on SAS software version 9.4. Results: The prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma was 2.6%, and ranged between 1.8% and 3.1% depending on fruit and vegetable consumption. As fruit and vegetable consumption increased, the individuals showed a higher average age and household income, but a lower educational level, smoking rate, and frequency of alcohol consumption. The group with higher fruit and vegetable consumption had higher intakes of all food groups without milk and dairy products and energy and nutrients than the counterpart group. For the intake rate of energy, the group with higher consumption of fruit and vegetables had a higher intake rate of carbohydrate and protein and a lower intake rate of fat. The risk rate of asthma with the third quartile group regarding fruit and vegetable consumption was 35%-40% lower than that of the first quartile group. Conclusion: The results suggest that adequate consumption of fruit and vegetable will help to improve the risk of asthma. Moreover, prospective cohort studies and clinical test research are necessary to measure the effects of fruit and vegetable consumption on the occurrence of asthma.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.407-415
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• 2009

In this research, to identify the degree of preference and participation in leisure sports, over 19-year-old adults living in the capital region were collected as subjects, and among them, 250 persons were chosen by purposive sampling method. Using SPSSWIN 16.0, I analyzed the collected data by reliability analysis, paired sample t-test, PPA(preference performance analysis) method. The conclusion is the following. First, the first quadrant showed wind surfing, skins-cuba, water-ski, and yacht, and as a result of this, it is necessary to improve the degree of participation in this field, the second quadrant showed golf, racketball snow board, ski, fishing, and climbing, and these field need to specific attention to maintain continuous attention, for they have a great deal of attendance, the third quadrant, showed water sleigh, cart, balloon, sky-diving, orienteering, hang gliding, model plane, and survival game. As the degree of preference and participation in these sports is low, it is recommended that more effort should be made for these sports. Finally, in the forth quadrant, there are tracking, mountain bike, inline skates, rafting, and cycling. As it's the participation is high, while that of preference is low, it is important to maintain the policy of the participation in leisure sports. Sencondly, the degree of preference and participation in leisure sport activicties acording to socio demographic characteristics differentiate.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.420-424
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• 2009

In this research, to identify the degree of preference and participation in leisure sports, over 19-year-old adults living in the capital region were collected as subjects, and among them, 250 persons were chosen by sampling. Using SPSSWIN 16.0, I analyzed the collected data by Reliability Analysis, Paired Sample T-Test, and IP A method. The conclusion is the following. First, the first quadrant showed skins-cuba, water-ski, wind surfing, and clay-pigeon shooting, and as a result of this, it is necessary to improve the degree of participation in this field. Secondly, the second quadrant showed golf, snow board, ski, fishing, and climbing, and these field need to specific attention to maintain continuous attention, for they have a great deal of attendance. Thirdly, in the third quadrant, there are water sleigh, cart, balloon, sky-diving, orienteering, hang gliding, model plane, and survival game. As the degree of preference and participation in these sports is low, it is recommended that more effort should be made for these sports. Finally, in the forth quadrant, there are tracking, mountain bike, inline skates, rafting, and cycling. As it's the participation is high, while that of preference is low, it is important to maintain the policy of the participation in leisure sports. In conclusion, for the sports which is preferred that is difficult to join right now, most of all, it is necessary that we should pay attention to and invest the social infrastructure in which main items cannot be joined now.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.271-283
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to make analyses on the importance and performance of the foodservice management, foodservice service, and the courses related to coffee in the colleges providing a coffee related curriculum, in order to determine which courses are required in the education programs for employees needed by the coffee restaurants as the employers' viewpoint. The analysis methods were frequency analysis, T-test and IPA analysis. The result are as followings. First, the performance was lower than the importance when it comes to importance and performance with the coffee related courses recognized by the staff in the coffee restaurants, particularly with a big gap in the theory of cost control and coffee theory. Second, in the IPA analysis of the importance and performance of the curriculum, quadrant - I as a weak item includes the cost control, foodservice marketing, and coffee theory courses. Quadrant - II includes the foodservice, coffee extraction practice, Espresso, Caffe Latte and Cappuccio, and Latte Art courses. Pertaining to the quadrant - III are those courses lack of the necessity, including the foodservice management, foodservice franchise, practical English in service, and coffee roasting. Quadrant - IV contains those course of less importance but of higher performance such as the practicum work experience. As part of limitations of study, specialties of staffs working for coffee franchise shops were not reflected due to lacking in pre-conducted studies and the samples couldn't be recognized to represent all coffee franchise shops since the sampling districts were restricted only to Seoul metropolitan area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.4
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• pp.679-686
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• 2014

This study analysed differences between importance and performance of 2014 forest interpreter training program through IPA with the aim to provide suggestions and improvement. First the results of a comparison of the overall average of performance and importance showed importance is higher than performance. Afterwards, the result of IPA showed that confidence of being an interpreter, active involvement, the understanding of the value of forest, expansion of the understanding of forest, the understanding of the mission of interpreter, and the understanding of the qualification of interpreter, those 6 items belong to the I quadrant. In the case of the II quadrant there were interest of the content of education and to learn a lot of things through education. Next, those how to deal with service, planning interpreter programs, clarity of the content of education, accuracy of the content of education, validity of the content of education, appropriate number of participants, and appropriate time of education involved in III quadrant. Finally, concentration in the education and the understanding of the topic of education situated in IV quadrant.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.675-682
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• 2005

Al containing mesoporous molecular sieve (Al-MMS) was synthesized by hydrolysis of $H_2SiF_6$ and $Al(NO_3)_3{\cdot}9H_2O$. The material obtained was characterized by XRD, $N_2$-physisorption. The specific surface area was $981m^2/g$, and the average pore size was uniformity $39{\AA}$. It was confirmed that the acidity of Al-MMS was milder than that of zeolite Y based on the results of $NH_3$-TPD. Active materials, Pt and Pd, were loaded on Al-MMS in order to examine the feasibility of using Al-MMS as a catalyst support in the hydrogenation of aromatic compounds included in the residue oil of a naphtha cracker. The hydrogenation activity of PtPd/Al-MMS has been studied by following the kinetics of the hydrogenation of naphthalene, and by comparing the kinetic parameters obtained with Pt and Pd catalysts supported on the other mesoporous material support and commercial conventional support materials. PtPd/Al-MMS catalyst shows the highest activity of hydrogenation and sulfur resistance. The high activity of PtPd/Al-MMS was confirmed again in the hydrogenation of PGO (pyrolized gas oil), which is residue oil obtained from a naphtha cracker. Therefore, PtPd/Al-MMS can be applied to the hydrogenation of aromatic compounds included in the residue oil of a commercial naphtha cracker commericially.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.5448-5454
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to provide preliminary data to improve the quality of vocational education program by analyzing basic occupational skills and acquired knowledge of vocational college graduates. A total of 236 graduates were sampled to examine their competency importance level - competency performance level, and study differences between competency importance level and contribution level of college education. The paired sample t-test and importance-performance analysis were employed to investigate meaningful differences between competency importance level and Competency performance level in regard to acquired knowledge and basic occupational skills. Meaningful differences were found in 12 areas at significance level of 0.01. According to importance-performance analysis, differences were presented in 4 areas in the first quadrant, 1 in the second quadrant, 4 in the third quadrant, and 3 in the fourth quadrant. In comparison study between competency importance level and college contribution level, the latter was found to be relatively less influential as differences were presented in all of 12 areas at significance level of 0.01. This research will helps to enhance the practicality and effectiveness of education program in vocational college.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.216-221
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• 2006

The Effect of different temperatures and photon irradiance on the growth of crust and the regeneration of tissue fragments of the commercially important red alga Grateloupia acuminat Okamura were examined in laboratory cultures. The tetraspore developed into basal crusts and produced upright thalli. Crust grew very fast at $25^{\circ}C$ and $80{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ after one week in indoor culture. However, they stopped growing after three weeks. Maximum growth was $275{\mu}m$ in diameter. They required four weeks to get upright thalli at $5^{\circ}C$, while only three weeks were required at $10^{\circ}C$. When different light intensities were compared at $15^{\circ}C$, cells of the crusts were well differentiated $80{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and consistently divided so that upright thalli were produced. In aeration culture, the upright thalli grew up to 6.5 cm in length within 4 months. Thus, it is possible to produce mass cultures of Grateloupia in the field. In addition, female and male gametophytes developed from the tetraspores and they were fertilized to produce tetrasporohyte thalli. By this procedure, the normal life cycle of the red alga G. acuminata was completed.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2014

We have studied and demonstrated general, systematic error-correction methods for a dual rotating quarter-wave plate ellipsometer. To estimate and correct 5 systematic error sources (three offset angles and two unexpected retarder phase delays), we used 11 of the 25 Fourier components of the ellipsometry signal obtained in the absence of an optical sample. Using these 11 Fourier components, we can determine the errors from the 5 sources with nonlinear optimization methods. We found systematic errors ${\epsilon}_3$, ${\epsilon}_4$, ${\epsilon}_5$) are more sensitive to the inverted Mueller matrix than retarder phase delay errors (${\epsilon}_1$, ${\epsilon}_2$) because of their small condition numbers. To correct these systematic errors we have found that error of any variety must be less than 0.05 rad. Finally, we can use the magnitudes of these errors to correct the Mueller matrix of optical components. From our experimental ellipsometry signals, we can measure phase delay and the rotational angular position of its fast axis for a half-wave plate.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.489-498
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate selective attributes importance and satisfaction of University Ski Lecture Environment that students perceive using IPA method. In order to achieve this goal, a questionnaire was used to gather data, and the convenient sampling method was used to select 300 members from three pertinent university in Seoul and Chungcheong-do, Gyeongsang-do Province as participants of this study. Only data from 221 respondents however were used after screening data for reliability, and SPSS for Windows(21.0 version) statistical program was used to conduct descriptive analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, paired samples t-test analysis, independent samples t-test analysis and IPA matrix analysis. The following results were obtained. First, significant differences between the level of satisfaction and the level of importance were found for part of the selection attributes for each group. Second, Iquadrant was included with meals and information provided factors. IIquadrant was included with instructors and class program, information provided, accommodation factors. IIIquadrant was included in accommodation and meals, time-distance factors. IVquadrant was included in the information provided factor.