• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 2022

To improve the solubility of β-carotene, three types of β-carotene-loaded nanocapsules were prepared using chitosan (CS) and two cross-linkers, sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and hyaluronic acid (HA), alone or in combination (CS-TPP, CS-TPP-HA, and CS-HA). The entrapment efficiency of all nanocapsules significantly increased with an increase in TPP and HA, with the efficiency ranging from 95% to 99%. The solubility of β-carotene was significantly improved by CS nanoencapsulation before and after lyophilization and during storage. CS/HA nanoencapsulation significantly improved (by 11-fold) the water solubility of β-carotene. In particular, CS/HA nanoencapsulation was the most effective in terms of not only the solubility of β-carotene, but also the redispersibility ratio. Therefore, CS/HA encapsulation could be useful for improving the solubility of poorly soluble active ingredients, such as β-carotene.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2021

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the common diseases with 25% of prevalence globally, but there is no thera-peutic access available. Amomum villosum var. xanthioides (Wall. ex Baker) T.L.Wu & S.J.Chen (AX), which is a medicinal herb and traditionally used for treating digestive tract disorders in Asia countries. We aimed to examine pharmacological effects of ethyl acetate fraction of AX (AXEF) against ER stress-induced NASH mice model using C57/BL6J male mice by tunicamycin (TM, 2 mg/kg) injection focusing on the oxidative stress. Mice were orally administrated AXEF (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg), silymarin (50 mg/kg) or distilled water daily for 5 days, and outcomes for fatty liver, inflammation, and oxidative stress were measured in serum or liver tissue levels. AXEF drastically attenuated hepatic ER stress-induced NASH which were evidenced by decreases of li-pid droplet accumulations, serum liver enzymes, hepatic inflammations, and cell death signals in the hepatic tissue or serum levels. Interestingly, AXEF showed potent antioxidant effects by quenching of reactive oxidative stress and its final product of lipid peroxide in the hepatic tissue, specifically increase of metallothionein (MT). To confirm underlying actions of AXEF, we ob-served that AXEF increase MT1gene promoter activities in the physiological levels. Collectively, AXEF showed antioxidant properties on TM-induced ER stress of NASH by enhancement of MTs.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.201-209
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• 2012

The multi-function of 18 Bacillus subtilis isolates collected from agricultural extension centers of local government and National Academy of Agricultural Science was investigated by measuring their antifungal activities against five plant pathogens, such as Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum acutatum, Fusarium oxysporum, Magnaporthe oryzae and Phytophthora capsici, phosphorus solubilization ability, production of indole acetic acid (IAA) and siderophore, and nitrogen fixation. The B. subtilis isolates showed antifungal activity against several plant pathogens and nitrogen fixation activity, and produced siderophore and IAA. They could control pepper powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica), but there was no difference in control efficacy among the B. subtilis isolates. In fields, the control efficacy of B. subtilis R2-1 ($10^8$ cells/ml) was compared with two microbial fungicides, Q-pect and Topsid. In 2009, the control efficacy of B. subtilis R2-1 (37.7%) was lower than that of Topsid (47.6%), but higher than that of Q-pect (25.7%). In 2010, the control efficacy of B. subtilis R2-1 (83.3%) was higher than that of Topsid (67.9%). In order to elucidate mode of action of B. subtilis R2-1 for controlling pepper powdery mildew, spore germination rates of pepper powdery mildew pathogen collected on treated leaves was investigated when suspensions of B. subtilis R2-1 and two microbial fungicides (Q-pect and Topsid) were foliar-sprayed. They highly suppressed spore germination of the pathogen with inhibition values of 84.2% for B. subtilis R2-1, 97.9% for Q-pect and 94.7% for Topsid. Further study on the mass-culturing method and formulation is needed for development of a microbial fungicide.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.68
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• pp.9-34
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to examine the unmanned life and poetic world of Ilong Choehuilyang. Choehuilyang is uninhabited and rarely left 227 poems and being recognized for his poetic achievements by later writers. Therefore, it would be meaningful to look at Choehuilyang's poetic world in the point of studying the unmanned poetry system. In Chapter 2, I looked at life as a base stage to understand Choehuilyang. Choehuilyang from his youth while studying at the age of 21, but turned to 武科. This is due to the gauntlet of the family who does not care about the 文武, Choehuilyang's grand physical condition and the resulting unattended temperament. Choehuilyang passed the exam in the past. And he won the war seven times under General Admiral Yi. However, when Admiral Yi Sun - shin was killed in Noryang, Choehuilyang returned to his hometown. After that, he died without going out until he was 92 years old. In Chapter 3, we examined Choehuilyang's spoetic world based on Chapter 2. Choi 's poetry can be divided into revealing the temperament of the unmanned, living peacefully in his hometown after returning home, and revealing his concern for the country. The poems revealing the unattended temperament are created by sensuous sheer or direct narrative when they are on the battlefield, when they watch the war after returning home. Peaceful life in Kangho was created in Naju, the hometown. And the poem that worried about the country was created by seeing the sick horan. I hope that the research that has been discussed so far will help to understand Choehuilyang's life and world.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.405-409
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• 2010

Surface cleaning is both essential and troublesome when a consumer seeks to eliminate soil attached to the surface of fresh ginseng because all ginseng purchased in the market is covered with soil, reflecting the post-harvest situation. To facilitate ginseng use at home, a fresh-cut type of ginseng is required. As a first step toward production of such ginseng, several washing and dipping treatments were investigated with respect to surface cleaning and reduction of microbial populations on fresh ginseng. In terms of microbial distribution on the surface of fresh ginseng, higher levels of viable bacteria (6.63 log CFU/each) and fungi (5.12 log CFU/each) were present on the rhizome head than on other regions of the root. Of the washing treatments tested, hand-brushing was effective for surface cleaning and to reduce microorganism levels on fresh ginseng, but use of a high-pressure water spray followed by hand-brushing was optimally effective. To further reduce the levelsof microorganisms on the surface of fresh ginseng after washing, additional dipping treatments in 70% (v/v) ethanol and electrolyzed acidic water (at pH 2.3) were somewhat effective but showed no significant differences compared with other dipping treatments tested, including a 3 ppm ozone solution, a 200 ppm sodium hypochlorite solution, or hot water at $50^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.148-155
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• 2012

A cross-sectional analysis of blood pressure (BP) changes and the current prevalence and distribution of hypertension among age groups in Korea were conducted. Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and pulse (PP) pressures were evaluated. Residents visiting a local Community Health Center for a health check-up and/or participating in the Health Promotion Program were included for the analyses. A total of 6,570 subjects (2,809 men, 3,761 women) were divided into five age groups: 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and $70\leq$ years. Comparisons were made between sex and among age groups. SBP and DBP were continuously elevated, while men showed higher levels than women until their mid-60s; then, the trend was reversed. DBP in men became elevated from their 30s, reaching the highest in the 40s then slowly decreasing. DBP in women increased up to their 40s and 50s, then reached a plateau. PP increased rapidly from the 50s in both sexes. The major contributor of age-related BP elevation may be large artery stiffness in men, particularly from their 50s, while the blood pressure elevation of women may relate to diverse factors including large artery stiffness, stroke volume, and ventricular ejection rate. The rapid elevation of PP after the 50s in both men and women could represent a risk of cardiovascular or coronary mortality, particularly with increasing age. The current data showed a higher rate of hypertension in both sexes compared to previous reports. When those with both high-normal BP and hypertension are looked at in combination, BP management of the target population should be drastically elevated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.4595-4603
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a mentoring program designed to assist nursing students adjust to life in college and strengthen their leadership abilities. The mentoring program consisted of nine sessions including information on basic mentorship functions, as well as the results of similar previous studies. This was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pre-post test design in order to evaluate the results of this program. Mentoring and data collection were performed from March 3 to May 30, 2014. The experimental group participants included 20 mentee students (in grades 1 and 2), and 20 mentors (in grades 3 and 4). Both pre and post tests were administered before and after the mentoring program. The score for "adjust to life in college" was more significantly increased in the mentee student experimental group as compared with the control group. Similarly, the post test score for "leadership" was more significantly increased from the pre test score in the mentor student experimental group. However, no statistically significant differences were found for the post-pre test "leadership" score between the mentor student experimental group and the control group. These results suggested that mentoring had a significant effect on the ability of nursing students to adjust to life in college, as well as to strengthen their leadership abilities, and the program needs more developed contents for leadership.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.83-99
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• 2020

Objectives : Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with frequent relapses. This study was to investigate the effects of Gammakdaejo-tang(GMD) in DNCB induced atopic dermatitis mice. Methods : The study was divided into five comparion groups. 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB) solution was applied to Nc/Nga mice to induce atopic dermatitis, followed by normal group, negative control group with distilled water, positive control group with Dexamethasione and GMD 200mg/kg or 400mg/kg. The control group was orally administered 200㎕ once daily for 4 weeks. Visual skin condition, Immunoglobulin E, Histamine, Cytokine, Immune cells, Tissue biomarkers were observed. Results : As a result of the dermatitis score evaluation, it was confirmed that the GMD-administered group improved symptoms compared to the negative control group. As a result of measuring IgE, the GMD-administered group significantly decreased compared to the negative control group. As a result of measuring Histamine, GMD group except 200mg/kg of GMD significantly decreased compared to negative control group. As a result of measuring cytokine, GMD 200mg/kg significantly reduced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α compared to the negative control. 400mg/kg significantly reduced IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and significantly increased IL-2, IFNγ. As a result of confirming the immune cells, all experimental groups showed no difference in basophil, GMD group significantly reduced monocyte and eosinophil compared to negative control group, and GMD 400mg/kg group significantly reduced white blood cell and neutrophil. And significantly increased lymphocytes. As a result of measuring the gene expression level, all GMD group significantly increased TGF-β1 compared with the negative control group, and filaggrin, VEGF and EGF were significantly increased in GMD 400mg/kg group. Epidermis, dermis thickness, and eosinophil infiltration were found to be decreased in all GMD groups compared with the negative control group. Conclusions : GMD is effective in atopic dermatitis by reducing imbalance of immune response of T cells (Th1 / Th2) and reducing skin tissue damage and inflammatory response.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.298-305
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• 2016

Prior research has attempted to develop a method for fermentation of onion vinegar to satisfy customer quality standard. Onion wine (OW) and onion vinegar (OV) were produced by alcoholic and acetic fermentation of onion extracts (OE) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Acetobacter pasteurianus, and their taste compounds (non-volatile organic acids, non-protein N compounds, and free sugars) were determined. Main components of non-volatile organic acids were malic acid (50.1%) and citric acid (26.9%) in OE, whereas malic acid (28.1%), acetic acid (20.8%), lactic acid (20.1%), citric acid (13.3%), and succinic acid (12.0%) were detected in OW. Total concentrations of non-volatile organic acids in OV were 4,612.0 mg/100 g, which was 3.9 and 2.3 times higher than those of OE and OW, respectively. Non-volatile organic acids except malonic acid and acetic acid were reduced during acetic fermentation. Non-protein N compounds increased 4.23-fold ($41,526.8{\mu}g/100g$) during alcohol fermentation, and urea content was the highest of non-protein N compounds at $33,816{\mu}g/100g$. The reduced values in OV might be used as a nutritious element of Acetobacter pasteurianus. Free sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) were detected in OE, whereas only fructose was absent in OW and OV.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.529-533
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• 2005

The respiratory characteristics of Korean fresh ginseng were investigated from the aspect of picking season, size, and storage temperature and period to get basic data for extension of shelf-life. The respiration rate of fresh ginseng picked in March was 4.09 mL $CO_2/kg{\cdot}hr$ at $0^{\circ}C$. It was gradually increased to August, 7.88 mL $CO_2/kg{\cdot}hr$ at $0^{\circ}C$, and then decreased continuously until November. Although the rate of fresh ginseng was different by picking season, the respiration quotient showed the same level, $1.03\~1.07$. Respiration rate by size was ranged from 3.47 to 5.69 mL $CO_2/kg{\cdot}hr$ at $0^{\circ}C$, and smaller in the size was higher in the rate. $Q_{10}$ value of fresh ginseng was $2.68\~2.88$ when the temperature increased from $0^{\circ}C\;to\;10^{\circ}C$ and $1.77\~2.16$ from $10^{\circ}C\;to\;20^{\circ}C$, and it was slightly different by picking season. At the beginning of storage the respiration rate was 7.0 mL $CO_2/kg{\cdot}hr$ and it was .decreased to 3.38 mL $CO_2/kg{\cdot}hr$ after storage for 90 days at $0^{\circ}C$.