• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.564-572
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• 2012

Harmonic imaging is introduced in the present article and its principle and physical characteristics is described in contrast to conventional ultrasonic imaging. The principle of the conventional image which uses ultrasonic echoes reflected at the interfaces between tissues is presented, and the nonlinear ultrasonic propagation which results in harmonic components is conceptually described. The pulse inversion technique which effectively extracts the harmonic components from the ultrasonic echo signals is introduced, and the advantages of the constructed harmonic images are summarized comparing with those of conventional ultrasonic images. The harmonic images are classified according to the mechanism of harmonic production, and the typical harmonic images obtained from patients are presented in contrast to the corresponding sonograms. Clinical significance and prospects of harmonic imaging and the future research areas are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.458-463
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• 2010

Since the acoustic nonlinearity is sensitive to the minute variation of material properties, the nonlinear ultrasonic technique(NUT) has been considered as a promising method to evaluate the material degradation or fatigue. However, there are certain limitations to apply the conventional NUT using the bulk wave to thin plates. In case of plates, the use of Lamb wave can be considered, however, the propagation characteristics of Lamb wave are completely different with the bulk wave, and thus the separate study for the nonlinearity of Lamb wave is required. For this work, this paper analyzed first the conditions of mode pair suitable for the practical application as well as for the cumulative propagation of quadratic harmonic frequency and summarized the result in for conditions; (1) phase matching, (2) non-zero power flux, (3) group velocity matching, and (4) non-zero out-of-plane displacement. Experimental results in aluminum plates showed that the amplitude of the secondary Lamb wave and nonlinear parameter growed up with increasing propagation distance at the mode pair satisfying the above all conditions and that the ration of nonlinear parameters measured in Al6061-T6 and Al1100-H15 was closed to the ratio of the absolute nonlinear parameters.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.158-165
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• 2017

The physical shape of an ultrasound transducer has not been considered in previous studies of the photoacoustic saturation effect, where a photoacoustic signal's magnitude linearly increases as an absorption coefficient increases and it is finally saturated. In this paper, the effect of a spherically focused ultrasound transducer on photoacoustic nonlinearity is investigated. The focused ultrasound transducer's spatial filtering effect on photoacoustic signals is analytically derived considering the combined concept of a virtual point detector and Green function approach. The ultrasound transducer's temporal response (i.e., transfer function) effect on photoacoustic signals is considered by integrating photoacoustic signal values within the absorption area covered by a spatial resolution of the ultrasound transducer. Results from the analytically derived expression show that the magnitude of photoacoustic signals measured by a spherical focused ultrasound transducer shows a maximum at a specific absorption coefficient, and decreases after that maximum point as an absorption coefficient is increased. The origin of this photoacoustic nonlinearity is physically understood by comparing the ultrasound transducer's transfer functions and photoacoustic resonance spectra. In addition, this physical interpretation implies that the photoacoustic nonlinearity is strongly dependent on the irradiance distribution inside an absorption medium.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.376-387
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• 2012

Based on the nonlinear spring model coupled with perturbation method, 2nd harmonic waves generated by oblique incident ultrasound on nonlinear crack interface were calculated and investigated. Reflected and transmitted waves from the interface were determined and analyzed at various angle of incidence for the cracks with different interfacial stiffness in order to estimate the 2nd harmonic generation of incident ultrasound. It was shown in computer simulation that the 2nd harmonic components changed much with the increase of incidence angle in both reflected and transmitted wave, but became very small when the incident angle approached toward 90 degree. It can be concluded that the 2nd harmonic component of reflected wave has a meaningful amplitude as much as the transmitted 2nd harmonic wave from partly closed crack.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2010

This study evaluated the fatigue degradation in a SUS316L specimen using the nonlinear ultrasonic method. The nonlinearity of the ultrasonic wave was estimated by a relative nonlinear parameter defined as the ratio of the amplitudes for the fundamental wave to the second harmonic wave. In the experiment, a measurement system with contact transducers was constructed; reliable measurements were assured by keeping measurement conditions consistent and reducing extra harmonics generated in the measurement system. Two types of SUS316L specimen were used in experiments; a rotating bar fatigue specimen and a tensile fatigue specimen. The fatigue condition used was high cycle fatigue. The former specimen had a cylindrical shape and was used to observe the change in the nonlinear parameter after fatigue accumulation in a specimen. The latter was a plate-shaped specimen and was used to confirm the change in the nonlinear parameter at the position where the fatigue stress was concentrated. The measured nonlinear parameter showed a strong correlation to the damage level in both fatigue tests.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.725-731
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• 2013

In This paper, through simulation, proposes a system which makes it possible for freely moving multiple agents with ultrasonic receivers to estimate their own position by themselves using the ultrasonic signals sequentially emitted from multiple ultrasonic transmitters. This system possesses an advantage that there is no limit in the number of agents existing in the space covered by more than three transmitters fixed at proper locations. Hence, the proposed system can be utilized effectively in position tracking control of multiple robotic agents system and motion capturing system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 2002

Nonlinear acoustic effect has been considered as an effective tool for the evaluation of material degradation. In this paper, the applicability of nonlinear acoustic effect to the evaluation of degraded 2.25Cr-1Mo steel is investigated. Firstly, artificial aging was performed to simulate the microstructural degradation in 2.25Cr-1Mo steel arising from long time exposure at $540^{\circ}C$. Secondly, ultrasonic nonlinear parameter was quantitatively measured by bi-spectrum and power spectrum. Nonlinear acoustic parameter from bi-spectrum was found to be clearly sensitive to the aging time.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.411-414
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• 2000

음의 비선형 전파가 일어나기 쉬운 정도를 나타내는 파라메타로서 기본파 진폭과 제2고조파 진폭의 비로써 매질의 물리적 성질에만 관계하는 파라메타 B/A가 있다(1)(2). 종래 B/A파라메타 측정은 대부분 광대역의 초음파 트랜스듀서 혹은 공진 주파수가 다른 복수의 트랜스듀서를 이용하여 왔다(3). 본 연구에서는 협대역의 단일 트랜스듀서를 이용하여 B/A파라메타를 효율적으로 측정 할 수 있는 전용 초음파 트랜스듀서를 제안하였다. 그 방법으로 특성이 동일한 두 장의 압전체를 적층시키고, 그 중 한 장의 압전체에 전기적인 용량을 접속하여 기본 공진 모드 및 기본 공진 모드의 두 배의 주파수에 해당되는 조화파 모드를 발생시킬 수 있도록 하였다 이것을 시험 제작하여 그 특성을 이론 및 실험적으로 해석한 결과 음향 매질의 비선형 파라메타인 B/A의 측정에 적용 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2011

In the field application of the conventional acoustic nonlinear technique using through transmission of bulk waves to evaluate the contact acoustic nonlinearity(CAN) in solid-solid contact interfaces like as in the closed crack, it has difficulty to access inner position for attaching the pulsing or receiving transducer. In the present study, a new reflection technique has been suggested to measure the acoustic nonlinearity in solid-solid contact interfaces, which uses both of pulsing and receiving transducers on the same side of target and so that it will be very useful for the field application. For this, based on the linear and the nonlinear contact stiffness estimated by the power-model of the contacting pressure, the nonlinear parameter of the reflected ultrasonic wave at the interfaces has been theoretically calculated. Experimental results in contact interfaces of A1606l-T6 alloy specimens with loading pressure showed good agreement with the theoretical predictions, which proves the validity of the suggested reflection mode technique.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.549-555
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• 2001

Ultrasonic is a powerful nondestructive technique for getting the information of flaws and material properties of in-services facilities. We prepared 4 different 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V specimens by Isothermal aging at $630^{\circ}C$. We evaluated material degradation using ultrasonic parameters, velocity, attenuation and harmonic generation. Attenuation and nonlinear parameter derived from harmonic generation efficiency increased as degradation. Especially the second harmonic of the fundamental wave in the 1,820h aging material was observed to exceed 20dB more than that in the un-aged material. But velocity remained virtually the same for all specimens. We concluded that nonlinear parameter and attenuation are sensitive to material degradation, but velocity was not. It'll be a good parameter for evaluating the material degradation.