• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.131-152
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• 2009

The Eudoxean theory of Proportion is correlated with 'Dedekind cut' with which Dedekind defined the real number system in modern usage. Dedekind established a firm foundation for the real number system by retracing some of Eudoxus' steps of over two thousand years earlier. Thus it should be quite worthy that we separate Greek inheritance from the definition of Dedekind, However, there is a fundamental difference between Eudoxean theory of proportion and Dedekind cut. Basically, it seems impossible for Greeks to distinguish between the distinction between number and magnitude. In this paper, we will consider how the Eudoxean theory of proportion was related to Dedekind cut introduced to prove the Dedekind's real number completion and how it influenced Dedekind cut by looking at the relation between Eudoxos's explication of the notion of ratio and Dedekind's well-known construction of the real numbers.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.47-56
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• 2001

It is doubtless that product aesthetics and design are very important keys determining the success and failure in today's market environment in spite of the lack of academic model and positive research results. However, surprisingly the research of such an aesthetic has not been active. Therefore the conceptual frame of product aesthetics should be examined centering around the research of product aesthetes in other to understand consumers'aesthetic requirement and desire in the research of aesthetics of product design and the design process by analyzing that how product aesthetics anon the consumers'response and product selection, what roles the aesthetic factor of product design play in product design and what aesthetic dimension of product design is related to design product should be established.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.69-76
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• 2004

비트루비우스(Vitruvius)에서 벤츄리(Venturi)에 이르기까지 많은 건축사가(建榮史家) 또는 건축가(建築家)들이 건축원리에 대한 각자의 규범적 태도를 글로써 밝혀왔다. 이러한 규범적 내용 중 비례이론은 서양건축에 있어 건축미(建築美) 비밀로 간주되어, 조화로운 건축물이 꼭 갖추어야 할 덕목중의 하나로 인식되었다. 현대건축에서 비교적 근대 비례시스템이라 불릴 수 있는 것으로 르 꼬르뷔지에의 모될로르와 반 데어 란의 플라스틱 넘버를 들 수 있다. 모될로르는 현재까지 아주 제한된 성공밖에 거두지 못했는데, 이는 피보나치 수열에 기초한 수치들이 커졌을 때 단위의 배수관계가 거의 형성되지 않는다는 사실에 기인한다. 반면에 플라스틱 넘버는 모될로르의 결점들을 보완할 수 있는 매력적인 수열을 가지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 반 데어 란의 비례시스템 분석을 통하여 유도된 수열규칙이 건축디자인과 관련되어 직접적으로 적용되어 질 수 있는 CAAD시스템을 제안한다. 본 시스템의 초점은 반 데어 란의 비례이론이 어떻게 컴퓨터 언어로 변환 및 CAAD시스템에 적용되어, 실질적인 건축 실무행위에 있어 컴퓨터가 디자인 도우미로서 역할을 수행할 수 있겠는가하는 것이다. 연구의 결과, 사용자는 이러한 시스템을 사용함으로써 반 데어 란의 비례시스템을 자신의 디자인에 손쉽게 적용할 수 있으며, 이는 복잡한 치수관계로 구성된 비례시스템의 건축실무 활용으로 발전되어질 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1291-1307
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• 2021

State-sponsored cyberattacks have increased significantly and threaten national security in recent years. State-sponsored cyberattacks are often more sophisticated and destructive that attacks by individuals and private groups because of the concentration of manpower and resources. So major countries including the United States and the United Kingdom, as well as international organizations such as the EU and OECD, are recommending proportional response measures against cyberattacks. The Republic of Korea(ROK) is also trying to change its will to secure cyberattack deterrence and prepare active response through the 「National Cybersecurity Strategy 2019」. However, the ROK is not equipped with an adequate methodology to assess the severity of cyberattacks nor measures for proportional response to such attacks. In this paper, we propose a Cyber Attack Severity Assessment(CASA) methodology that can assess the scale and impact of damage to prepare external response threshold for cyberattacks at the government-level and to enable proportional responses when responding.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.271-275
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 상수관로의 잔존수명을 통계적 기법 중 하나인 비례위험모형(PHM)에 적용하여 평가하였다. 비례위험모형을 구축하기 위한 개별관로의 생존시간은 관로의 파손율이 한계파손율에 도달하는 시간으로 정의하였다. 즉, Park and Loganathan(2002)에서 제시한 GPBM을 적용하여 시간에 따른 개별관로의 파손율을 추정하고 추정된 파손율과 한계파손율의 상등관계를 통해 생존시간을 산정하였다. 또한, 본 연구대상관로에 대한 GPBM을 구축함에 있어, 매설시점에서 누적파손횟수를 0으로 한 파손기록을 입력자료에 추가하는 방법과 가중계수(WF)의 범위를 수정함으로써 기존의 GPBM을 보완하였다. 이로써 파손사건이 최소 1회 이상 기록된 강관 및 주철관에 대한 비례위험모형을 구축하였다. 이와 같이 수정된 방법론은 관로 파손사건 등의 자료의 축적이 미비한 국내 여건에서 비례위험모형 및 GPBM과 같은 통계적 모형을 구축할 때 유용할 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구대상관로의 비례위험모형에 포함된 유의한 공변수는 관종과 관경 그리고 길이이며 관종은 비례성 가정을 위배하여 시간종속형 변수로 모형화되었다. 최종 채택된 PHM모형을 통해 생존함수를 추정하였으며 추정된 생존함수를 이용하여 개별관로의 잔존수명 및 경제적 수명 그리고 각 수명에 대한 95% 신뢰구간을 산정하였다. 또한 개별관로의 경제적 수명에 영향을 미치는 공변수의 위험비율도 분석하였다. 분석결과 강관의 평균 경제적 수명은 약 25.1년이고 주철관은 약 21년으로 산정되었다. 또한 관종에 따른 경제적 수명에 도달할 상대적인 위험률은 전반적으로 주철관이 높으나 20년 이상 매설된 관로에서는 강관의 위험률이 높을 것으로 분석되었다. 관경과 길이는 크기에 비례하여 상대적 위험률도 증가하였다.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.950-962
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• 2012

인류의 해양에 대한 의존도가 점차 높아지면서 해양과 인류의 관계를 이해하고 이를 통해 해양의 지속가능성을 유지하기 위한 해양교육은 외국뿐만 아니라 국내에서도 더욱 활발하게 진행되어 가는 추세이다. 북미의 경우 해양교육의 증가에 비례하여 해양교육에 대한 연구도 양적으로 급격히 증가하였음은 물론이고 그 방법 또한 매우 다양하게 이루어지고 있다. 연구란 연구자가 가진 패러다임, 존재론, 인식론을 기반으로 이루어지므로 이에 대해 개략적으로 고찰한 뒤 양적, 질적, 혼합 방법론이 지닌 장점과 제한점을 논의한다. 해양교육과 관련된 북미의 연구논문들(1980년~ 2011년)을 대상으로 연구자들이 사용한 다양한 연구방법 및 디자인을 연구사례와 함께 소개하여 한국에서의 해양교육 연구 설계를 위한 참고자료를 제공한다.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.233-242
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• 2016

The painter Leon Battista Alberti insisted that mathematics was very important in painting in his famous book "Della Pittura(On Painting)" at 15th century. At the first part of the book, he explained about points, lines, and planes mathematically. And he emphasized that the proportion was very useful for accurate description of objects. This is the perspective that Alberti showed by using visual pyramid. In this paper, we investigate the Alberti' s method and the background of Alberti's perspective.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.139-207
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• 2022

As various state restrictions on individual freedom were imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns have been raised that excessive infringements on fundamental rights were indiscriminately permitted based on the public interest of preventing infectious diseases. Therefore, the question of how to set acceptable limits of liberty restrictions on individuals has emerged. However, since the phenomenon of infections spreading to the population is only predicted statistically, how to deal with the risk of the infected individual as a subject of legal analysis has become a problem. In the absence of a theoretical framework of legal analysis of risk, the risk of infected individuals during the pandemic was not analyzed strictly, and proportionality review of infection prevention measures was often only an abstract comparison of the importance of public interest and individual rights. Therefore, this research aims to conduct a theoretical review on how risk can be conceptualized legally in a public health crisis, and to develop a theoretical framework for proportionality review of the risk of liberty-limiting measures during a pandemic. Chapter 2 analyzes the legal philosophical concepts of risk, which are the basis for liberty restrictions during a public health crisis, and applies and extends them to the pandemic. Chapter 3 reviews previous studies related to liberty restriction measures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and points out they have a limitation that specific criteria for the proportionality review of public health measures in the pandemic have not been presented. Accordingly, Chapter 3 specifies the methodological framework for proportionality review, referring to the theoretical discussion on risks in Chapter 2. Chapter 4 reviews the legitimacy of gathering restriction orders, applying the theoretical discussion in Chapter 2 and the criteria for proportionality review established in Chapter 3. In particular, Section 4 examines logic of proportionality review in judicial precedents over the ban on gathering restrictions implemented in the COVID-19 pandemic. In analyzing the precedents, the logic of proportionality review in each case is critically reviewed and reconstructed based on the theoretical framework presented in this research.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.137
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• pp.109-130
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• 2016

Plato learned of teleology from his teacher Socrates and expanded it to its application in cosmology. His cosmological work Timaeus was the final edition of teleological view. The motive that Demiurge created the cosmos was in resemblance of his goodness. He then modeled the idea of the Good imposing limit to the Forms of Good in a material world. In this sense, Demiurge was an excellent creator and created the Good cosmos. The cosmic body was made from four elements (water, fire, air, earth) and the cosmic soul entered the cosmic body and the cosmic intelligence (nous) entered the cosmic soul. According to these steps, this cosmos was created and named a living god. In conclusion, Plato asserts that this cosmos was created by God's teleological project, and resembles the goodness of a god. When man followed the order and balance in the cosmos, the good of the individual and the state would be accomplished.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.73-92
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• 2004

The paper surveys various attempts to use the concept of 'fundamental ideas' -Bruner's concept- as a tool for organizing mathematics teaching and research in mathematics education. One of the characteristics of fundamental ideas in mathematics is their correspondence to the history of mathematics; therefore in forming out contents and methods in mathematics education, the history of mathematics may be serve as an interesting aspect. It is demonstrated by the example of mean values.