• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.456-464
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• 2002

This study was designed to investigates the effects of Korean pueraris radix water extract in Cd(cadmium) administered rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $100{\pm}10g$ were used for this experiment and divided into following 4 groups; control group, 3% pueraria radix in water extract group, 50 ppm Cd group, 50ppm Cd group with 3% pueraria radix in water extract group. The Cd administered rats were given 50 ppm of $CdCl_2\;{\cdot}\;2H_2O$ disolved in the distilled water. The Cd content in the rats tissue of Cd administered group was lower than in the rats tissue of Cd group with 3% pueraria radix in water extract group. Plasma levels of renin activity was increased by Cd administration group, compared with 3% pueraria radix in water extract group and Cd administred group. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(GOT) and Glutamate pyruvate transaminase(GPT) were increased in Cd-administered group and lower in the 3% extracts of pueraria radix in water extract group. Lactate dehydrogenase(LDHase) was lower in the 3% extracts of pueraria radix-Cd group than in the Cd group. This results suggested that pueraria radix in water extract group, has a lowering effects on the accumulation of Cd and it is belived that the pueraria radix in water extract group has some protective effects to Cd administered in rats, but the mechanism of these effects was obscure.

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.57
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• pp.34-37
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• 2008

오리 농가의 수익에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것은 사료비이다. 균형이 잘 이루어진 사료는 오리의 생산성을 최대로 하고, 오리의 건강을 유지하는데 필수적이다. 오리의유지, 생산, 성장 그리고 번식을 위해서는 오리의 에너지/단백비를 충족하는 사료를 급여하여야 한다. 사료비를 낮게 유지하는것은 오리농가의 수입과 직결된다. 이를 위해서는 농장에서 직접 생산하는 양질의 조사료를 최대한 급여하고, 가능한 최소 비용으로 최적의 육용오리을 위한 사료를 급여관리하여야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.935-942
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effect of flower of Pueraria lobata on liped peroxidation and activities of alcohol metabolic enzymes in alcohol-treated rats. Male Spra gue-Dawley rats were given 25% ethanol (Alcohol), 25% ethanol and 5 mg tectorigenin/kg B.W.(Alc.-Tec), 25% ethanol and 5mg kaikasaponin III/kg B.W. (Alc-Kai). The contents of serum total lipid, triglyceride and phospholipid were increased by ethanol treatment and were lower in the Alc.-Tec and Alc.-Kai group than in the Alcohol group. Decreased serum HDL-cholesterol by alcohol treatment was recovered by tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III. Microsomal cytochrome P-450, aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities were increased by ethanol and were lower in the Alc. Tec and Alc.-Kai group than in the Alcohol group. Activity of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase was increased by ethanol and was higher in the Alc.-Tec and Alc.-Kai group than in the Alcohol group. Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system activity was higher in Alc.-Tec group than in the other group. No significant difference was found in catalase activity among treatment groups. These data indicate that tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III were effected alcohol metabolic enzyme system and the liver damage associated with chronic ethanol consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1272-1277
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effects of Korean Gu-Gi-Ja tea on plasma hormone such as renin and aldosterone water in cadmium administered rats. The cadmium administered rats were given 50 ppm and 100 ppm of CdCl$_2$.2$H_2O$ disolved in the distilled water. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100$\pm$10 g were divided into 6 groups according to body weight. The control group was fed standard diet without cadmium. The experimental groups, which were fed standard diet containing 50 ppm and 100 ppm cadmium and Gu-Gi-Ja tea group. The results of this study were as follows; food intake, body weight gain and kidney weight content in cadmium administered groups were lower than those in Gu-Gi-Ja tea group. The contents of cadmium in kidney of the rats were determined by using ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrcphotometer). In kidney accumulation of Gu-Gi-Ja tea groups were lower than those in cadmium administered group. Plasma levels of renin activity was increased by Cadmium administration group, compared with Gu-Gi-Ja tea and cadmium administred group. Plasma levels of aldosterone activity was increased by cadmium administration group, compared with Gu-Gi-Ja tea and cadmium administred group. This results suggested that Gu-Gi-Ja tea has a lowering effects on the accumulation of cadmium in kidney and it is believed that the Gu-Gi-Ja tea has some protective effects to cadmium administered lenin and aldosterone hormone in rats, but the mechanism of these effects was obscure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.819-825
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• 2002

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of sea tangle extracts on the excretion of neutral steroids and bile acid in diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on AIN-76 based experimental diets containing methanol extracts (2%, w/w) or water extracts (4%, w/w) of sea tangle for 4 weeks. And then they were induced to be diabetic by receiving streptozotocin (45 mg/kg BW) intramuscularly. The dried fecal weight was increased significantly in water extracts group compared with control group. The fecal content of cholesterol was higher in extracts groups of sea tangle than in control group. But there was no significant difference in fecal excretion of cholesterol between methanol and water extracts groups. The fecal excretion of coprostanol was increased significantly in water extracts group compared with the control group. The fecal excretion of bile acid was increased significantly in sea tangle extracts groups compared to the control group. These data suggest that dietary supplementation of sea tangle extracts might reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis through increasing the excretion of neutral steroids.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.296-302
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• 2000

산패된 미강을 닭과 돼지에게 급여하여 사육시킨후 도축한 고기에서 저장중 색깔과 지방산화 변화를 구명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 사료배합 조성에서 탈지강을 첨가한 것을 대조구로 하여 신선한 미강(유리지방산함량 8.2%)과 산패괸 미강(유리지방산함량 15.6%)을 돼지(삼원교잡종, Landrace $\times$Yorkshire$\times$Duroc)사료에 각각 20% 첨가하여 평균 종료체중 92kg이 될 때까지 56일간 사육하였으며, 닭(Avi-an 종) 사료에 각각 10%를 첨가하여 3주령부터 급여를 시작하명서 3주간 사육하였다.도축후 1$^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 후에 발골 및 세절하여 함기포장을 한 다음-2$0^{\circ}C$에서 3개월간 저장하였다. 산패된 미강급여구는 신선한 미강급여구에 비해 저장중 명도(L*)가 낮았고 적색도/황색도(a*/b*)는 높았다. 모든 급여구는 저장기간 동안 황색도(b*)는 증가하였고 적색도는 감소하였다. 저장 0일에 비해 3개월에 있어서 계육과 돈육의 적색강도 감소율을 보면 산패된 미강급여구가 66%와 67%로 미강급여구의 84%와 78%나 비급여구의 84%와 77%에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타나 가장 많이 변색되었다. 세절육의 냉동중 지방산화는 계육에서 더 많이 진행되었고 저장 1개월만에 급증하였다. 미강을 급여구가 신선한 미강급여구에 비해 산화억제력이 약했다. 따라서 닭과 돼지에 미강을 급여하면 탈지강 급여구에 비해 식육에서 지방산화를 더 많이 억제시키지만, 미강의 산패 정도가 식육의 산화에도 직접적으로 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.169-173
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• 2004

본 실험은 비육돈에 대한 옻의 급여가 돈육 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 사료내 옻나무 첨가 급여 수준은 비육후기 사료에 옻 분말 2%, 4%를 첨가하여 5주 동안 급여 하여 돈육의 육질 분석에 이용하였다. 옻 사료 급여수준(0%, 2%, 4%)에 따라 5주간 급여한 돈육의 육질특성을 비교분석한 결과, 명도($L^{\ast}$값), 적색도($a^{\ast}$값), 황색도($b^{\ast}$값)값에 있어서 4% 급여구가 높은 값을 나타내었다. 지질의 산패도(TBARS)는 급여수준과 관계없이 모두대조구의 TBARS값이 가장 높게 나타나 다른 처리구에 비해 산패가 빨리 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. 보수력은 4% 급여구가 대조구에 비해 높은 값을 나타내었다. 조직감에서는 경도와 씹힘성에서 옻 급여구들이 대조구보다 낮은 값을 보였다(p<0.05). 융점은 4% 급여구가 대조구와 2% 급여구보다 낮음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.673-678
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• 2001

To investigate effects of ethylacetate fraction of onion(EFO) on serum lipid metabolism in rats fed high cholesterol diet, four groups of Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing about 100 g were given a high cholesterol diet of 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate and EFO containing three concentrations (1%, 3% and 10%), respectively for 6 weeks. growth rate of the hypercholesterolemic group (control group) was higher than the normal group, whereas the groups given EFO showed a decreasing trends, compared with the control group, especially the most excellent effect in 10% of EFO, but any differences were not found between groups in feed efficiency ratio. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were lower, whereas HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in EFO suplemented-grups than control group in dose dependent manner. EFO increased HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio and lowered atherogenic index. Free cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were not decreased significantly with in 6 weeks, but cholesteryl ester concentration was significantly decreased in EFO suplemented groups than control group, and in case of serum phospholipid concentration, EFO was not showed significantly effect, but it gradually increased the level, compared with the control group. Therefore, it might be expected that ethylacetate fraction of onion is believed to be a possible protective or curative effects for the fatty liver and hyperlipidemia-induced by a high cholesterol diet.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.274-280
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify the average cost and present status of non-benefit medical expenses by using the data of tertiary hospitals released by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service(HIRA), and to compare the data to find cost variations. The target of analysis was the present status of the non-benefit medical expenses reported by 41 tertiary hospitals among the 44 previously designated hospitals (three were excluded due to revocation or new designation) for 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 (until April). This study was conducted after approval of using the released data of the HIRA's data opening system. This study was analyzed by its general characteristics, annual non-benefit medical expenses by frequency analysis, and annual understanding of variation by designating Coefficient of Variation (C.V.). The research found out that the number of details of non-benefit medical expense was gradually increased: the numbers of categories were 51 in 2015, 53 in 2016, and 98 in 2017, but there was a rapid increase in 2018 by 193. As a result, to standardize non-benefit medical expense items across tertiary hospitals due to their variations in the expenses, the government should expand standardized non-benefit medical expenses and make it mandatory for medical institutions to use the standardized items or names of such expenses.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1999

This study was conducted to compare the dry matter intake, the digestibility, and utilization of nitrogen and energy of Korean native goats, when fed on orchardgrass(OG) mixed with alfalfa(AA) at a different levels. Experimental diets include three treatments : OG 100%, OG 80%+AA 20%, and OG 60%+AA 40%. With increasing levels of AA supplementation, the content of CP was higher for AA supplemented diets than for OG 100% diets, while the content of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and lignin content were slightly lower for AA supplemented diets than for OG 100% diets. Also, the DM intake and the digestibility of DM, cellular constituents, NDF and ADF were higher for AA supplemented diets than for OG 100% diets, especially those were the highest in OG 60%+AA 40% diets(P<0.05). The apparently digested N, retained N and biological value of AA supplemented diets were increased with increasing levels of AA supplementation, compared with those of OG 100% diets(P<0.05). The utilization of DE and ME were slightly high in OG 60%+AA 40% diets, but there was no significant difference among all diets. According to the results, DM intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization were improved in goat fed diets with supplementation AA(AA 20%, 40%), compared with those of OG 100% diets. But energy utilization did not show the difference among diets. Hence, It needs to provides to the adequate energy sources to goats.