• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2004

A pot experiment was conducted to find out the effects of nitrogen content of irrigation water and soil EC on lettuce growth under plastic film house conditions. The square-pots with 42 x 54.5 x 22 cm in length, width and height, were filled with two different soils of different EC. Lettuce was grown with different nitrogen fertilizer application levels including non fertilization (Non-F), decrement of 50% of nitrogen fertilizer recommended by soil testing (DNFRST-50) and fertilization recommended by soil testing (FRST). Two kinds of irrigation water of different nitrogen contents, $6.6mg\;L^{-1}$ and $21.0mg\;L^{-1}$, were used for the experiment. In the low EC soil irrigated with low nitrogen water, fresh weights of lettuce were 6,733, 11,933 and $12,733kg\;ha^{-1}$ for the treatments of Non-F, DNFRST-50 and FRST, respectively. While with high nitrogen water, the yields were 9,733, 13,400 and $12,800kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. In the high EC soil irrigated with low nitrogen water, lettuce yields of the Non-F, DNFRST-50 and FRST treatments were 12,400, 12,867 and $10,400kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, and with high nitrogen irrigated water lettuce yields of the Non-F, DNFRST-50 and FRST treatments were 13,600, 14,067 and $10,733kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Nitrogen uptake of lettuce from ferilizer in DNFRST-50 was higher than of FRST. Nitrogen uptake of lettuce from irrgation water was found in soils of low EC, but it was not found in soils of high EC. These results suggest that both soil EC and nitrogen content of irrigation water should be considered when we recommend the level of fertilizer application for lettuce.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.570-585
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• 2012

The Korean national curriculum for secondary school emphasizes scientific problem solving. In line with the national curriculum, many educational studies have been conducted in relation to science education. The objects of these studies were well-defined and well-structured problems. The studies were criticized for overlooking ill-defined and ill-structured problems. Some research has dealt with problem finding in ill-structured problems, which is related to creativity. There is a need for a study of scientific problem finding process in an ill-structured problem situation, because this study will help teachers wanting to teach scientific problem-finding in an ill-structured problem situation. The objective of this study was to conduct an empirical study on the scientific problem finding process in an ill-structured problem situation. One task of scientific problem finding in an ill-structured problem situation was assigned to 92 university students; thereafter, 32 of them participated in the research through interviews. Results indicated that the scientific problem finding process depended on initial clues and tentative solutions. Initial clues were affected by students' experiences, such as major classes, films, and novels. Tentative solutions were influenced by background knowledge of the tasks. Students screened information browsed on the Internet. They applied some standards for selection, particularly emphasized reliability standards, which are supposed to be studied in other contexts. All the students used assumptions to make their problems appear probable, which could be a useful tool to articulate.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.6
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• pp.79-98
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• 2002

지금까지 우리는 한국어와 독일어를 비교하면서 동사의 정형과 부정형을 관찰해 왔다. 이 부정성(역으로 말하면 비구속성)은 한국어 동사에는 전반적으로 통용되는 데 반해 독일어에는 부정형/동사원형과 분사가 그러할 뿐이다. 동사의 특성 연구는 어느 자연어/개별언어의 상이한 기능을 위해서 뿐만이 아니라 외국어 학습/습득을 위해서도 큰 의미를 갖는다. 이러한 중요성에도 불구하고 독특한 한국어 동사의 부정성, 그 연구는 거의 찾아볼 수가 없다. 한국어와 독일어 동사의 부정성 비교에서 드러난 문제점은 대체로 다음과 같이 요약될 수 있을 것이다. $\ast$ 한국어 동사의 특징인 부정성은 우리의 운명으로 간주해야 할 것이다. 왜냐하면 우리가 어떤 면에서는 유익함을, 그리고 어떤 다른 면에서는 문제점을 감수해야 하기 때문이다. 특히 전형적인 전치성 언어인 유럽언어를 습득할 때 언어간섭현상을 통해 그러하다. $\ast$ 독일어의 부정사/분사 및 한국어 동사가 인칭변화를 하지 않는다는 것은 그들이 주어를 갖지 않고 있거나 (독일어의 경우), 아니면 그것이 어떤 문법/통사적 역할을 하는가 (한국어의 경우)에 주된 원인이 있다. $\ast$ 비교 대상의 양쪽은 생략가능성, 즉 원자가 요구에 대한 자유/비구속성을 누린다. 핵(성분), 즉 독일어의 부정형 및 분사 그리고 한국어 동사는 혼자 남을 때까지 생략이 계속될 수 있다. 이러한 의미에서 부정성은 <비한정성/비구속성>과 관련된 것 같으며, 반면에 정동사의 특성은 <한정성/구속성>과 관계되어 있다. $\ast$ 원자가 요구/충족에 대한 자유/비구속성은 한국어 동사/술어가 문장 끝에 고정되어 있다는 사실은, 직접 또는 간접으로 본동사 앞에 놓여 있어야 되는 모든 문장성분과 부문장 때문에, 즉 한국어의 전면적인 전위수식 현상으로 흔히 큰 부담/복잡함을 야기한다는 데에 그 원인이 있다. 이러한 상황에서 동사는 가능한 한 그의 문장성분을 줄이려 한다. 통사적으로 보장되어 이미 있으니 말이다. 그래서 한국어 동사의 부정성은 일종의 부담해소 대책으로 간주될 수 있을 것이다. $\ast$ 두 비교 대상에서의 핵 및 최소문장 가능성은 역시 원자가에 대한 비구속성에서 비롯된다. $\ast$ 우리 한국인이 빨리 말할 때 흔히 범하는 부정성으로 인한 인칭변화에서의 오류는 무엇보다도 정형성/제한성을 지닌 독일어 정동사가 인칭 변화하는 데 반해 한국어에서는 부정성/비구속성을 지닌 동사가 그것과는 무관한 페 기인한다. 동사의 속성을 철저히 분석함으로써 이런 과오를 극복해야 할 것이다. 한국어 동사의 부정성은 지금까지 거의 연구되지 않았다. 이 문제는 또한 지속적으로 수많은 다른 자연어들과의 비교분석을 통해 관찰돼야 할 것이다. 이 논문이 이런 연구와 언어습득을 위한 작업에 도움이 되기를 바란다.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 1990

To make clear the changes of the amount of reserve substances in the bark of stem and root of mulberry graftages after planting, studies were carried with mulberry graftages classified into three groups of 7.0-7.9mm, 9.0-9.9mm and 11.0-11.9mm in diameter of stems at 3cm above their base. The results obtained were as follow : 1. The dry weight of stem and root bark gradually decreased with growth of new shoots till about five weeks after planting, and from then it increased. 2. The duration of new shoots growth depending on the reserve substance was limited for 6-7 weeks after planting. In no fertilized group, the length of new shoots increased up to 6-7 weeks, form then decrease. 3. Dry leaf yield three weeks after planting was found to be no difference in the same diameter of saplings between with and without fertilization. 4. The content of chlorophyll in the leaves was higher in thicker group and in fertilized group than thinner and no fertilized one, respectively. 5. There was no difference in the amount of carbohydrates of the bark of stem and root among the stem diameters. There was a transient increase in the amount of total sugar in the bark of stem and root in the first three weeks after planting, followed by gradual decline up to five weeks. The amount of reducing sugar in the bark of stem and root increased both in fertilized and in no fertilized group up to three weeks after planting, and then it decreased. There was a gradual decline in the content of starch in the bark of stem and root both in fertilized and in no fertilized group up to five weeks after planting, followed by gradual increase.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2006

To investigate the comparative effect of spherical and aspherical RGP lens were worn during 3 weeks on rabbit's cornea. Four white rabbits were worn right eyes with spherical lens and 4 white rabbits were worn right eyes with aspherical RGP lens. Left eyes were served as control. The rabbits were sacrificed at 3 weeks after fitting and observed morphological changes by scanning electron microscopy and also investigate proliferation rate of the corneal epithelium with RGP wearing. After spherical RGP lens wearing, the epithet layer damaged compared to aspherical lens. The superficial cell layer strip off seriously, cell size significantly changed abnormal. Both spherical and aspherical RGP lens fitting group showed so many bacteria and back surface of lens was found like a fern shape. The aspherical RGP lens original material type was some formal than spherical lens. We thought that these pattern was significantly altered with spherical lens by prohibited transmitter oxygen from atmosphere therefore the epithelium shape was changed. This suggested wearing the aspherical lens might be less physiologic than shperical lens fitting.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.314-317
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• 1997

This study was carried out to determine the effect of various fertilizer levels on the growth and yield of Scutellaria baicalensis Georg cultivated after the barley in the southern coastal areas of Korea under the non-mulching condition by direct sowing culture. The flowering date of medium dressing plot $(N\;:\;P_2O_5\;:\;K_2O=9\;:\;13.5\;:\;9 kg/10a)$ and heavy dression plot $(N\;:\;P_2O_5\;:\;K_2O=12\;:\;18\;:\;12kg/l0a)$ were July 23. The flowering date of the medium and the heavy dressing plot was delayed by 3days compared with that of non-fertilizing plot. The growth characteristics such as stem length, diameter of main stem, number of branch per plant, main root length, main root thickness and dry weight of stem leaves were more increased at medium dressing plot than that of other fertilizer levels. The root dry weight of in Scutellaria baicalensis Georg cultivated after barley was highest at the fertilizing plot of N, $P_2O_5\;:\;K_2O$ = 9 : 13.5 : 9kg/10a. The dried-root yield was 178kg in medium dressing plot, 167kg in standard dressing pot, and 126kg in non-dressing plot. The dried-root yield of medium dressing plot was 7% and 41% higher than that of standard dressing pot and non-dressing control plot, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.373-380
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• 2012

Purpose: The present study was performed to investigate a relationship between the stable centrations of spherical RGP lens and aspherical RGP lens on cornea and corneal eccentricity. Methods: Two RGP lenses with different designs were fitted in alignment, steep or flat on total 84 eyes having corneal eccentricity of 0.28~0.78. The stable centration of lenses on cornea was analyzed by taking photographs with a high-speed digital camera. Results: The stable centrations of spherical and aspherical RGP lenses in horizontal direction were decentrated to temporal side. More centration to median side was shown when corneal eccentricity was larger. The difference between the stable centrations of spherical and aspheric RGP lenses according to corneal eccentricity was bigger when the fitting state was flatter. The difference in the stable centrations of aspherical RGP lens was smaller than that of spherical RGP lens regardless of fitting status. The stable centrations of spherical and aspherical RGP lenses in vertical direction were located below corneal apex regardless of fitting status however, there was no significant difference analyzed by the variation of corneal eccentricity. However, there were many cases that RGP lenses were in upper eyelid with increasing corneal eccentricity. Conclusions: The consideration of corneal eccentricity is required for RGP lens fitting and manufacturing aspherical RGP lens since the stable centration of spherical RGP lens as well as aspherical RPG lens' centration was changed depending on corneal eccentricity.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to clarify the effect of different fertilizer on growth and yield of Fritjllaria thunbergii in Chungbuk Rural Development Administration from 1993 to 1995. Emergence date was faster about 1 to 5 days in fertilizer application than that of non-fertilizer, and emergence ratio was lower about 2.4% to 35.7% in fertilizer application than that of non-fertilizer. Plant height was longer about 2.8cm to 10.6cm in fertilizer application than that of non-fertilizer, and leaf length and width had same tendencies. Bulb height was increased about 0.1 to 0.2cm in fertilizer application than 1.9cm in non-fertilizer and bulb width was increased about 0.5 to 0.7cm in fertilizer application than 2.2cm in non-fertilizer. Total yield was increased about 27% in N-P-K fertilizer, 24% in compost, 23% in compound fertilizer for garlic and 21 % in fowl dropping manure than 572kg/10a in non-fertilizer. Yield of marketable goods was high about 79% in compost. 72% in compound fertilizer for garlic and fowl dropping manure, and 69% in organic fertilizer than 229kg/l0a in non-fertilizer. Therfore, in the cultivation of Fritillaria thunbergii the application of organic fertilizer such as compost and fowl dropping manure was considered more profitable than the application of chemical fertilizer in middle region.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.83-86
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• 2007

In this study, a program has been developed to enable a simulation of spherical aberration - originated from a spherical surface and an aspheric surface - via ray tracing and calculation of the degree of spherical aberration. This process has been verified for the variation of spherical aberration generated from ray tracing for aspheric surfaces such as an oval, a parabola, and a hyperbola. By comparing it with the spherical surface, the principle and necessity of the aspheric surface lens design have been understood. In addition, it allows confirming the accuracy of the simulation by developing a ray tracing program in relation to the mirror plane of a parabola.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.87-90
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• 2007

To manufacture the lens mold used in producing polycarbonate (PC) lenses, the core manufacturing is needed and this core manufacturing is generally performed by diamond turning machine (DTM) or computer numerical control (CNC) lathe. The numerical data about the lens core feature is necessarily needed for operating of these devices. Therefore, we developed the program which calculate the numerical data about the lens core feature. The program was composed to be able to input aspherical coefficients of lens feature, display the graph of lens feature, and save the numerical data file.