• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 2001

Background : The information on nasal transport and the metabolism of peptides have been obtained from pharmacokinetic investigations in experimental animals. However, there are no transport and metabolic studies of human nasal epithelial cells. In this study, the permeability characteristics and the metabolic properties of in vitro human nasal cell monolayers were investigated. Material and Methods : Normal human inferior nasal conchal tissue samples were obtained from patients undergoing endoscopic nasal cavitary surgery. The specimens were cultured in a transwell using an air-liquid Interface (ALI) culture, and the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value of the blank filter and confluent cell monolayers were measured. To determine the % leakage of mannitol, $4{\mu}mol%$ $^{14}C$-labelled mannitol was added and the % leakage was measured every 10 minute for 1 hour. Result : Human nasal epithelial cells in the primary culture grew to a confluent monolayer within 7 days and expressed microvilli. The tight junction between the cells was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The TEER value of the blank filter, fifth day and seventh day reached $108.5\;ohm.cm^2$, $141\;ohm.cm^2$ and $177.5\;ohm.cm^2$, respectively. Transcellular % leakage of the $^{14}$-mannitol at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes was $35.67{\pm}5.43$, $34.42{\pm}5.60$, $32.75{\pm}5.71$, $31.76{\pm}4.22$, $30.96{\pm}3.49$ and $29.60{\pm}3.68\;%$, respectively. Conclusion : The human nasal epithelial monolayer using ALI culture techniques is suitable for a transcellular permeability study. The data suggests that human nasal epithelial cells In an ALI culture technique shows some promise for a nasal transport and metabolism study.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.118-127
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• 2007

Germanium-fortified yeast (GY) is a organic germanium-fortified yeast with potent immune modulating activities including anti-inflammatory effect. Through cell line studies, we observed that GY can modulate the diverse immune activity but little evidence was provided on the mechanism of GY in modulating immune activities in other higher animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of GY on modulation of immune function in mice. GY was administered in normal mice or tumor-bearing mice and then effect of GY on modulation of host immune system was analyzed by using ex vivo isolated macrophages, B cells, NK cells. Admistration of GY in mice induced macrophage activation thereby increased effector function of macrophage such as increased phagocytosis, chemotaxis, adherence, $O_2-release$, NO, $TNF-{\alpha}$ production. In addition, GY administration Increased B lymphocyte activation and plaque forming cells. Furthermore, GY administration increased NK-cell mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, GY administration suppressed progression of tumor in mice by increasing $TNF-{\alpha}$ production and effector function of NK cells. Our results showed that GY has a potent immunostimulatory function in vivo mice model. Proper modulation and administration of GY in human could be helpful to maintaining immunological homeostasis by modulating host immune system.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.782-787
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• 1998

The treatment for pediatric dental patient has become more complex than the previous, because patients of pediatric dentistry, younger than the previous, and they were often combined with systemic disease. And, the importnace of conscious sedation has been increased by this time for this reason. In a variety of CNS depressants, newly developed imidazobenzodiazepine (midazolam) is well known as a safe and effective medicament. It has a rapid onset, minimized cardiovascular depression and various possible administering, route, so it is commonly used for the conscious sedation of pediatric dental patients. Recently, "intranasal drop-in method" draws attention for its safety, but discomfort during administration and posterior dripping through pharynx diminish its popularity. Now more advanced method for intranasal administration is introduced for conscious sedation for pediatric dental patients, it is "intranasal spray" with aerosol form of medicament. With this method, we can achieve some benefits as belows : 1. Diminished discomfort during intranasal spray than nitranasal drop-in. 2. Rapid osnet and reduction than intranasal drop-in. 3. Eliminatin of adverse reaction, such as rhinorrhea. 4. More improved behavior rating scale.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2009

Purpose : In February 2007, an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections occurred in two newborns in the neonatal unit of Sahmyook Seoul Hospital. We performed this study to investigate the characteristics of MRSA nasal carriage among neonatal unit staffs and the effective infection control measures. Methods : Nasal swab specimens were obtained from the neonatal unit staff for the presence of MRSA. MRSA-colonized staffs were offered decolonization therapy with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or 2% mupirocin ointment. Every 2-4months after decolonizaton, repeat nasal swab specimens were obtained. Also, samples from the neonatal unit environment and room air were collected. Results : Successful decolonization was achieved in 92% of the cases in 2 weeks after decolonization therapy, but most of the staffs were recolonized after several months. The nature of antibiotic susceptibility was changed from multi-drugsusceptible to multi-drug-resistant. The most frequently contaminated objects were dressing carts, computer keyboards, bassinets and washbowls. In environmental cultures using the settle microbe count method, the colony counts were decreased significantly at the last study period compared with the first study period in the neonatal room, breastfeeding room, service room, and dressing room (P <0.05). Conclusion : Effective control of sustained MRSA transmission within an institution may require prompt identification, treatment, and monitoring of colonized and/or infected staffs. However, nasal decolonization therapy may induce multi-drugresistant MRSA infection and had no effect on decreasing the MRSA nasal carriage rate in our study. Other factors might be more important, such as improving staff education, increasing hand hygiene practices, and environmental sterilization for controlling MRSA infections.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.1200-1206
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was conducted for the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), by comparing the early use of non-invasive nasal CPAP with low intermittent mandatory ventilation(low IMV) and endotracheal CPAP in weaning a mechanical ventilator from infants with moderate respiratory distress syndrome(RDS). Methods : Thirty infants in the study group, with moderate RDS from November 2001 to June 2002, were administered surfactants and treated with the mechanical ventilator, and applied the nasal CPAP in weaning. Thirty infants of the control group, from January 1999 to September 2001, were applied low IMV and endoctracheal CPAP in weaning. Results : There were no significant differences in the characteristics, the severity of clinical symptoms, the initial laboratory findings and settings of the mechanical ventilator. After weaning, the study group showed no significant changes in $PaCO_2$. However, the control group showed a slight $CO_2$ retension after one and 12 hours. Twenty eight infants(93.3%) of the study group and 24 infants(80%) of the control group were successfully extubated. The primary cause of failure was apnea. There were no significant differences in the duration of weaning and the mechanical ventilator treatment between the groups. Complications in weaning were related to the fixation of nasal CPAP and the mechanical problems caused by endotracheal tube. Conclusion : Aggressive weaning is possible for moderate RDS, in which the nasal CPAP was used without the low IMV and the endotracheal CPAP process. It had no difficulties. In conclusion, the nasal CPAP is an adequate weaning method for moderate RDS.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.1 s.258
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• pp.85-89
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• 2006

Good's syndrome (thymoma with immunodeficiency) is a rare cause of combined B and T cell immunodeficiency in adults. The clinical characteristics are increased susceptibility to bacterial infection and opportunistic viral and fungal infections. The most consistent immunological abnormalities are hypogammaglobulinemia and reduced or absent B cells. This syndrome should be treated by resecting the thymoma and replacing the immunoglobulin to maintain adequate IgG values. The author experienced one case of Good's Syndrome. The patient was a 64-year-old female who had a history of frequent sinopulmonary infection. Chest CT showed Pneumonia and anterior mediastinal mass and PCNB was taken and biopsy result was thymoma. She received thymectomy and replacement of immunoglobulin to control hypogammaglobulinemia.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.245-245
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• 2000

후각기는 후각신경과 삼차신경의 기능을 객관적이고 정량적으로 검사할 수 있는 기기로, 객관적으로 인정받을 수 있는 후각기의 제작에는 많은 어려움이 있기 때문에, 현재까지 후각신경과 삼차신경의 기능을 정확하게 측정할 수 있는 방법이 없었다. 그러나, 산업이 발달하고 공해가 더욱 심해질수록 후각의 변화가 생기고, 비강 내 질환이나, 공해물질 등에 의해 삼차신경이 민감한 반응을 일으키므로, 앞으로는 이 신경들의 측정이 중요할 것으로 여겨진다. 또한 각종 산업분야에서 이제까지 사람의 미각이나 후각에 의존하여 제품을 생산해오던 방법을 변화시켜 객관적인 수치를 이용하여 제품을 생산할 수 있다. 따라서 이번 연구에서는 사람이나 동물에게 다양한 후각물질을 원하는 정확한 농도로 투여하는 기기로, 온도와 습도를 사람의 신체 조건과 동일한 공기와 혼할하여 원하는 정확한 농도(ppm)의 후각 자극을 만들어 mass flow controller와 solenoid valve를 이용하여 square-shape의 자극모양이 되도록 한 후, 피검자에게 자극하여 전기생리학적 반응을 얻는 기기를 개발하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.259-266
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• 1994

The role of macrophages was observed In intranasally infected CSH/HeJ mice with trophozoites (3 ×105) of Acnnthomoeba culbertsoni which was a kind of free-living amoebae inducing meningoencephalitis in human and experimental animals. The mortality was 60% in the group of intraperitoneally injected mice with silica (0.5 mg/0.5 ml). It was much higher than that of 10% in the group of amoeba infected mice without silica administration. The phagocytic index of peritoneal macrophages co-cultured with Toxoplasma gondii was estimated daily. In contrast to the control and amoeba infected group which didn't show significant fluctuation of the phagocytic indices, the silica administrated group revealed under 3% until day 3, and gradual increase up to 24.7% in day 5 which was same level of amoeba infected group without silica administration. The level of interleukin- lb (IL- lb) measured by ELISA was the highest in the amoeba infected group without silica injection and the lowest in the amoeba infected group with silica administration. In the test of the amoebicidal activity of mice peritoneal macrcphages Dl uitro, silica administration revealed reducing effect on amoebicidal activity of macrophages. In conclusion, macrophages were proven to play a significant role in defense mechanism against the development of experimentally induced Acnnthamoebo menigoencephalitis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.314-317
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• 2011

A 16-year-old, spayed female, Maltese dog weighing 4.3 kg was presented with a 2-week history of yellowish nose-and oral-discharge, anorexia and lethargy. In physical examination, indefinite ulcerative mass about $3{\times}3$ cm in size in the left sublingual region, severe gingivoperiodontitis, halitosis, moderate dental calculus, fever and swelling of mandible soft tissue were noted. In radiographic view, periodontitis and bone lysis findings on the left rostral part of maxilla and mandible were observed. In complete blood count and blood chemistry test, thrombocytosis, increased levels of serum $NH_3$, AST and ALP were obtained. Urinalysis revealed hematuria and proteinuria. In histological examination, squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed. No surgery was performed, but combined treatment with carboplatin and piroxicam was initiated. Five days after initiation of medication, because of insistent vomiting, piroxicam was substituted to meloxicam. Although the therapeutic efficacy of meloxicam could not be known; administration of meloxicam might be less potential to gastrointestinal side-effects than piroxicam. The dog totally received 3 times of carboplatin infusion. Five days after third infusion of carboplatin, the dog was hospitalized with severe lethargy, vomiting and bloody diarrhea. In examination, severe renal failure signs were noted, and the dog was euthanized.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2022

Objective : The purpose of this study is to present a case report with the adult patient who needed active treatment of pityriasis rosea with severe pruritus, and did not respond to steroid treatment in the preceding month. Methods : The subject is an adult patient with pityriasis rosea over the age of 40 without any other diseases. We administered Korean medicine treatment with Bangpungtongseong-san (防⾵通聖散) and acupuncture. The effects of the treatment were evaluated via scales including Pruritus score, Pityriasis Rosea Severity Score (PRSS), and picture. Results : After the treatment Pruritus score/PRSS index of the case changed from 8/20 to 0/0. No other severe adverse reactions were reported. No more recurrence or pruritus was confirmed in follow-up. Conclusions : Korean medicine treatment with Bangpungtongseong-san showed marked improvement in pruritus and skin symptoms of pityriasis rosea in need of active care. With the lack of existing clinical reports of pityriasis rosea, we found that Korean medicine treatment could be an effective way, and it is expected that Bangpungtongseong-san could be administered to pityriasis rosea patients. Randomized-controlled trial for further evaluation will be needed in the future.